Countries belonging to Asia include Moldova, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Georgia.

I. Asian countries

1, East Asia: including China, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia and Japan.

2. Southeast Asia: including Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei, East Timor and other countries and regions.

3. South Asia: including Sri Lanka, Maldives, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.

4. West Asia: including Iran, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.

5. Central Asia: including Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Afghanistan.

6. North Asia: Siberia in the Asian part of Russia.

Second, European countries.

1, Northern Europe: including Iceland, Faroe Islands (Denmark), Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. Area 1.32 million square kilometers. There are many plateaus, hills and lakes in the territory, which were all covered by glaciers during the Quaternary Glacier Period, so there are many glacial landforms and fjord coasts.

2. Southern Europe: including Serbia, Kosovo (unilaterally declared independence, but not widely recognized by the international community), Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Italy, Vatican, San Marino, Malta, Spain, Portugal and Andorra.

3. Western Europe: including Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Monaco.

4. Central Europe: including Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

5. Eastern Europe: includes Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the European part of Russia.

Extended data:

Reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union:

Since 199 1, many people in political circles and academic circles at home and abroad have investigated and studied the causes, influences and consequences of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe from various angles, and published a large number of books and papers. Generally speaking, there are mainly the following points:

1, ideological and theoretical dogmatism, rigid thinking, copying from the national conditions;

2. In the political field, a highly centralized political system has been implemented for a long time, the construction of socialist democracy and legal system has been neglected, bureaucracy has prevailed, and it has been seriously divorced from the masses;

3. In terms of economic development, the planned economic system dominates the whole country, the economic structure is seriously unbalanced, the heavy industry, especially the national defense industry, develops unilaterally, the income distribution is egalitarian for a long time, and the improvement of people's lives is very slow;

4. In foreign relations, engage in hegemonism of big countries, interfere in the internal affairs of other socialist countries, expand the armed forces in an all-round way, compete with the United States for hegemony, consume and weaken their own strength, and so on.

Due to ideological reasons, the Soviet Union did not recognize private property and did not respect and protect all private property and civil rights, which violated the development trend of international historical civilization. As for the reasons for the failure of the reform, Gorbachev summarized it as two points in 20 15:

1, it started too late. By the time he came to power and started substantive reform, it was too late for the Soviet model.

2. Eager for success, after the reform he promoted began, a series of measures were introduced, which caused the intensification of social contradictions. At that time, Soviet society did not make corresponding preparations.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Soviet Union Disintegration

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