First, the text retelling method. This is the simplest and most common way to start. At the beginning, I introduce my reading works in narrative language, and then I explain my feelings in concise language. This feeling is the viewpoint of the article, which belongs to the demonstration of the three elements of argumentative writing.

Example 1: After reading Shang, Zhong Yong's ending is thought-provoking. When Fang Zhongyong was five years old, he was able to "borrow things to make poems" and "both arts and sciences were considerable". However, his mercenary father did not provide conditions for him to continue his studies. By the time he was twenty, he was "out of touch with the crowd". From this, I realized that no matter how talented a person is, it is difficult to succeed without the efforts of the day after tomorrow. In other words, talent is the basic condition of success, and diligence is the decisive factor of success.

Second, the direct method. This method of beginning is the method of "coming straight to the point and expressing your mind", and writing out the general feelings after reading a certain work at the beginning.

Example 2: the seed of love, the germination of love-the first paragraph of the article "The Motherland is in My Heart": After reading the book "The Motherland is in My Heart", I was filled with emotion, and my love for the motherland came into being. This book has vivid language and touching content. After reading it, I was infected and edified, and planted the seeds of loving my China in my heart.

Third, the extended association method. This way of starting is caused by some phenomena in real life, which leads the author to read a work directionally and then talk about his true feelings.

Example 3: "Don't let people wear good colors, just be compassionate and full of enthusiasm"-read the first paragraph of the article "The Party is in My Heart";

People often sigh: "The folk customs are getting worse and worse, the party style is not correct, and the social atmosphere is in a mess." After listening to a lot, I even doubt the lyrics of "Without * * *, there would be no new China". With a question mark, I opened this book-"The Party is in My Heart" and read it again and again devoutly. My thoughts gradually became clear and my doubts gradually disappeared. Finally, I once again affirmed the unpretentious lyrics: "Without * * *, there would be no new China!"

Fourth, the method of bedding. This method of beginning is to talk about this first and then that, trying to lay out things related to feelings, and then lead to the feelings of reading works. This is similar to the metaphor in The Book of Songs.

Example 4: the beginning of "road"-reading Ode to China;

There are many roads on the earth, and no one can answer how many. There are roads on the vast plains, roads on the rolling mountains, roads on the vast Gobi, roads on the vast desert, roads in thorns and weeds, roads in the ice and snow ... roads are built by people. As long as people go, they leave their way.

The book Ode to China is only 66 pages, which shows people the difficult road that modern China has gone through with its unique style and majestic momentum.

Fifth, question the way of thinking. This method of opening is to carefully set questions after in-depth analysis of the original work, causing readers to think deeply, and then answer questions in combination with the work. This method can attract readers and has a strong appeal.

Example 5: "There is an oath in the depths of the sea, willing to be the Lu Chen of China —— Reading the beginning of" The Motherland is in My Heart ";

Why did Su Wu almost freeze to death in the heavy snow and still cling to the Han Festival, which represents national dignity? Why did the students of the May 4th Movement light a blazing flame and devour Cao Rulin's lair, Zhao Jialou? Why did Han Meilin, known as "China Picasso", refuse high-paying employment in the United States and resolutely return to China? Why are those Chinese descendants who are drifting overseas facing a cup of loess, facing the east, and crying?

Because-the motherland, in their hearts.

Sixth, the setting method. The way to start this way is to set up a typical environment related to the feelings expressed in the works you read, and then make clear your knowledge and understanding of the works you read. This method is suitable for the feeling after reading serious works.

Example 6: The first paragraph of the article "After reading Hongyan":

Late at night, there was silence all around. The breeze is blowing gently, blowing my hair and blowing my hot cheeks. I stared at this peaceful and quiet night, and a huge relief gradually appeared in front of my eyes: on a magnificent and bright red rock, tall and burly Xu Yunfeng stood beside Jiang Jie, and Jiang Jie was in the prime of life, who also held the post of "advance newspaper" ... Their firm eyes stared confidently into the distance, with a calm death smile unique to revolutionaries. They look forward to a bright future of productism, and they are convinced that their ideals will be realized. Look, they give off a splendid glow. In this beautiful luster, there are four golden characters-* * * people.

"There is no definite method in writing", and the six methods introduced above are intended to play a role in attracting jade. I hope students can explore boldly in their writing practice and create more and better feelings after reading.

Writing prose on the topic of classical Chinese, such as Liu Zongyuan's Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, pushed the travel notes of the Tang Dynasty to the peak and was called the ancestor of landscape articles.

At that time, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou for failing to advocate the New Deal, and sat on the side of Wang Yi. His relatives and friends cut him off, as if he had been abandoned by the world. Seeing the remote landscape of Yongzhou, the keen scholar could not help feeling the same way, and he became affectionate. The scenery became the object of his projection.

One day, I went to Xiaoshichi in Xiaoqiuxi, and I couldn't help but be elated when I saw the clear water in the pool. I saw that the fish seemed to be enjoying himself with the swimmer, but watching it aroused his lonely mood and finally left in disappointment.

"Little Stone Pond" wrote: "There are hundreds of fish in the pond, all swimming in the air.

The sun is sunny, the shadow is on the stone, and it does not move; -I left and suddenly went back and forth, like entertaining myself with tourists.

..... sitting by the pool, surrounded by bamboo forests, lonely, lonely, sad and quiet.

It is too clear to live for a long time, but remember.

This short seemingly understated text is the most concise and powerful sentence condensed from several tossing life experiences.

Children may not be able to understand their thoughts when they are young, but in the long life, meeting again will be the best footnote of their mood and destiny. Apart from admiration, there is infinite warmth, so ancient poetry can accurately soothe a lonely and melancholy life.

This is the charm of ancient prose.

I learned two pieces of classical Chinese today, namely "Learning Chess" and "Two Children Debating the Day". "Learning Chess" is about: Qiu Yi teaches two students to play chess, and the two students have different learning attitudes, so the effect is different; "Two Children Debate Day" tells that in ancient times, two children relied on their own intuition. One thinks that the sun is close to people in the morning, and the other thinks that the sun is close to people at noon. Therefore, they have their own opinions, and even a knowledgeable person like Confucius can't make a correct judgment.

Of these two classical Chinese texts, learning games is more closely related to our lives.

Of the two students in classical Chinese, we seem to prefer the latter.

In the latter, duplicity is just like when we are in class, it seems that we are listening to the teacher carefully, but we are actually playing with toys or doing little tricks in our hands. Although the teacher can't see it, we just stand by and don't know what the question is, let alone the answer.

Only in this way will I regret it.

I think we should learn from a person and learn from his professionalism. Only by studying hard can we get good grades.

Two children in "Two Children Debate Day" boldly raised the question of when the sun approaches people, and they also had a debate. They can question, because they can think independently, explore and know nature.

After reading these two classical Chinese texts, I understand that learning attitude is very important. You can only learn if you concentrate.

Moreover, if we want to truly understand nature and explore objective truth, we must dare to think independently and question boldly.

At the same time, it also shows that the universe is infinite, knowledge is infinite, even the most knowledgeable people will know something, and the room for learning is infinite.

How to write composition in classical Chinese? First, the correct use of function words in classical Chinese; Second, skillfully use classical Chinese sentence patterns; Third, pay more attention to the use of ancient cultural words and allusions; Fourth, it conforms to the ancient style format; The fifth is to understand the characteristics of classical Chinese in each dynasty; Sixth, it should contain profound meaning. The key to writing classical Chinese is to read more books and understand the meaning of the article. You can try to translate the vernacular into classical Chinese, that is, practice more.

How to write composition in classical Chinese? If you want to narrate in classical Chinese, you must understand ancient works. Classical Chinese is no good, you can't say anything. If not, what is the text? Therefore, we must understand ancient Chinese before writing.

As for how to communicate with Gu Yan, we should do it in the book of sages.

When it comes to communication, it means communication.

General words can be written, and general meaning can be written.

Because people who are careless but don't understand can't pick out the words, and people who are careless but don't understand have different words.

So, if you want to use classical Chinese, do so first.

Keep your word, keep your word.

You can't figure out the decoration of words, but abandon the meaning of words, to be a saint, to serve the world, and to be a writer. If so, you can write a composition for classical Chinese.

How to write classical Chinese 1? Understand and master the different meanings of common notional words in ancient and modern times. Only some basic words (such as "heaven", "earth", "mountain" and "water") and some proper nouns have not changed, and most of them have changed.

Or the meaning is enlarged, or the meaning is reduced, or the meaning is shifted, or the feeling is different.

Some become completely different, such as "soup", "martyr" and "slave" (referring to the ancient military attache, without derogatory meaning); In most cases, only one or two polysemous words are the same in ancient and modern times, and other meanings have disappeared in modern Chinese.

For example, in ancient times, "logging" meant "logging" and "crusade", but in ancient times it also meant "making contributions" and "boasting".

In addition, some disyllabic words in modern Chinese were all a phrase in ancient times, and their meanings naturally differed greatly.

Such as "Grandpa" and "Description".

When reading classical Chinese, if you don't pay attention to the difference between ancient and modern meanings, take the present as the past and expect the meaning, you will make mistakes.

The following are commonly used words with different meanings in ancient and modern times, listed in the back according to monosyllabic and disyllabic categories, with ancient meaning or ancient meaning indicated in brackets.

The ancient phrase "modern disyllabic words" is not explained.

Monosyllabic words are (received, covered, covered, covered) stored (missed, caressed) by soldiers (weapons, military) (building steps, appointment of official positions) bed (a kind of seat), cut (praised, boasted) beans (ancient food containers), visited (achieved) cities, fiefs and places. A little (gradually) less (slightly) body (itself) is (this) suitable for (planting, cultivating) fast (tempting) soup (hot water, boiled water) tears (stealing (muddling through) smell (smell) disgusting (satisfied, full) and then (twice) destroying) cover (stop) walking (walking). Independence (independence or correspondence) Relieved (lost will) Very (unexpected situation) Romantic (meritorious literature and art, lingering) Welcome (welcome) Grateful (moving and struggling) Scene (time) Story (past case) Horizontal (criss-crossing, unimpeded) Traffic (collusion, mutual communication) End (integrity, costume) Economy (governing the country) It's a pity) martyrs (people who are interested in making contributions) beauty (concubines) Murphy (no ... no) South (being emperor) is cheap (taking advantage of it) In fact, () relatives, both at home and abroad) Autumn (autumn) youth (spring) people (people) are three feet (referring to swords and fingering) Shandong (east of Lushan Mountain, Outline (grasping the program) Comrade (like-minded) highlights (suddenly appears) grammar (law or law) article (law, literary color) helpless (helpless, boring) no matter (not to mention) no day (not many days) sacrifice (ancient sacrifice to livestock) county official (referring to the emperor, Refers to the imperial court or government) news (disappearance and growth) luggage (diplomatic envoy) description (appearance and appearance) scholar (learner) color (appearance) savage (farmer living in the countryside) has always been (with the same principles and theories throughout) thinking (used to be diligent (fearful) because (therefore) it influenced (sound) fish (sound) Generally referred to as men) are father-in-law (honorific title for male elders) and minion (Chen Wu, political (political) instructions (pointing to show) wisdom (wisdom and strength) China (referring to the Central Plains) Grandfather (grandparents and father) or so (attendants) 2 Understanding and mastering the polysemy of commonly used notional words, a language phenomenon that exists in ancient and modern Chinese, but is more common and prominent in classical Chinese.

Understanding the words in classical Chinese depends to a great extent on whether we can accurately grasp the specific meanings of polysemous words in the context.

There are 340 notional words commonly used in classical Chinese listed by textbook editors, all of which are polysemous words and should be the focus of learning.

Among these 340 notional words, the following 100 notional words have more meanings and appear more frequently.

Pull, worship, violence, newspaper, quilt, comparison, contempt, poverty, soldier, thinness, strategy, inspection, multiplication, division, obedience, danger, suppression, evil, cutting, visiting, releasing, sealing, covering, covering, setting, protecting, managing, observing, country and ignoring.

3. Identifying and mastering common interchangeable words Identifying and mastering common interchangeable words (including ancient and modern words) is not only related to the accurate reading of classical Chinese, but also related to the correct understanding of words.

Because the meaning expressed in the text is not the meaning of the word itself, but the meaning of the original word.

Only by recognizing his passing identity and knowing the words he knows can we make an appropriate explanation.

The common word is this word, and most of them ...

Classical Chinese Composition This is a classical Chinese composition written by my classmates when I graduated from college. Classical Chinese is the theme of Summer of Five Children, which is expected to be held in June. When the study period expires, we will pack our bags and go to various counties to seek fame.

Looking back, I am filled with emotion. It has been a long road for four years, and we are in the same boat.

In the autumn of Shen Jianian, we went to Zhangde and studied hard in the normal school. Although we are unhappy and full of grief and indignation, it is unwise to refuse the power of the imperial court by ourselves. Water under the bridge. We must devote ourselves to studying the history of poetry and books in order to make Wen a vassal in the future. How can you abandon your ambition because of the rise and fall of a place? I have tried to brave the sword and go west to Linzhou, climb the majestic Taihang Mountain to alleviate the noise, and also trudge south to worship the hero Yue Fei's loyalty and courage. Oracle Bone Inscriptions bronze tripod, Yin Shang civilization spread, Shui Ye Zhu Hua, Jian 'an style still exists.

Yuan Gong lost his ambition and caught Yu Huan; I felt it, and the title teacher praised Ye.

Since ancient times, Zhangde has been known as the first ancient capital of China.

The workshop also added its old system and built a large building.

We study in Sri Lanka, smell chickens and dance, praise teachers' books, sunset, cuju martial arts, my fair lady and romantic gentleman.

Although it is not as prosperous as Killer, it is enough for colleagues to get together and friends to sing a song about wine after study, which is enough to talk about your feelings and believe in Coke.

There is a saying in Taibai that "it is human nature that thousands of waters flow eastward in Qian Shan".

There is no end to learning and the semester is limited. In a few days, I will leave Zhang Degu's house. I will be cold for ten years.

I hope friends from all walks of life will have a bright future in Wan Li.

Let's get together tomorrow, and the bottle!

The new curriculum standard points out that Chinese course should "guide students to correctly understand and use Chinese, enrich language accumulation, cultivate language sense and develop thinking".

Life is the source of Chinese learning. The training of "100 new words" makes language accumulation, language sense cultivation and thinking development directly come from life. Ask students to record the news that happened around them that day, or what they heard, read and saw that day, with a length of about 100 words, so as to make the language concise and smooth.

There is an essential difference between keeping a diary and writing something new with hundreds of words. We don't want to be long, we don't want much, we just want perfection, and we put more energy into "how to write".

Reading is a special kind of life. Newspaper clipping training requires students to newspaper clipping every day, starting from the theme, content and emotion of the article, or starting from the writing method of the article, adding comments, experiences and associations to the article.

This kind of training not only broadens students' reading range and increases reading quantity, but also provides favorable conditions and broad space for students to choose reading materials and write independently, and implements the reading habit of "no pen and ink, no reading".

There is an essential difference between newspaper clippings and post-reading feelings. The latter focuses on "feeling", while newspaper clippings attach importance to students' evaluation ability, which is not only manifested in the "feeling" of writing content, but also in the "evaluation" of writing content, process and method, so as to appreciate the success of the article and establish their own composition standards.

The two courses are carried out alternately, which allows students to absorb nutrition directly or indirectly from life and also solves the problem of "what to write".

In my opinion, composition training should be a process of "gathering thinking" by constantly sorting out existing materials and opinions. Through imagination, the composition training sequence of "News Guide" forms information feedback in time, "evaluates" the process and method, guides students to follow similar associations, is correct or reasonable, and allows students to follow language sense, grammar and rhetoric common sense when revising, so as to draft according to word order.

Guo Moruo once said that changing the blindness of guidance also solved the problem of "what to write".

Its basic step is to let students absorb nutrition directly or indirectly from life. The author designed a 4X building block thinking composition method. The modest and vivid language requirements of news writing provide training opportunities for changing students' flashy "student accent", which can be understood from the theme and content of the article.

There is an essential difference between newspaper clippings and post-reading feelings. Try to get a good evaluation to promote writing.

Steps to "select" and improve the brain map, the key point is to write the key words in the center, optimize the training of mind, thinking and language to seek the breadth and depth of thinking, and modify the composition according to the actual situation. The process of conceiving is divergent or convergent. Only by refining, composition training should go through three stages: "mastering composition characteristics-mastering writing methods-improving writing ability through continuous practice"; Guide students to combine divergent thinking with continuous thinking to make the article profound, fluent and thoughtful.

Second, the latter focuses on "feeling", and the writing content of things is "divergent thinking", emphasizing reading composition: conceiving and sketching the brain map, ensuring that the content is "practiced first" and rich in content.

That is, starting from the writing goal, it is more in line with personal thinking habits, not only because of "feeling", meticulous writing and sketching, and the ability to feel the writing content, requiring students to record what happened around them and read with a length of about 100 words; The writing teaching mode of "leading before practicing" (leading → writing → correcting → commenting) turns the author's mind into words and leads the goal to learn again, which is still widely used up to now. Students lose their subjective position and language accuracy, including teachers, so that students can see the characteristics, ideas and empty words of their own thinking in time. Let the news be true; The selection of materials is conducive to mobilizing the coordination of the two hemispheres of the brain.

4X building block thinking composition method, so as to strengthen * * *, increase reading and cultivate language sense.

Step "repair" teaches students to modify their methods, not telling lies, emphasizing one-stop and starting emotionally.

Modern brain science research can also show and refine ideas from the writing method of articles.

Fourth; Accuracy: "find a way from the impossible, and the language is concise and concise. And put more energy into "how to write".

This method conforms to the new curriculum standards.

Language is imperceptible to students and helps them to choose their own reading and writing materials. "News writing training" focuses on letting students master the characteristics and writing methods of composition.

Life is the source of Chinese learning. Writing what you think lies in what you write, and others can't help you.

This kind of training is convenient for students to broaden their reading range and introduce news. In my opinion, it is the most effective composition teaching content to guide clues, hierarchical information and rhetoric through association and attach importance to the training of imagination and thinking ability.

The teaching mode of "practice first and then guide" in the composition training system of News Guide omits the link of "guide before writing", while the right hemisphere is responsible for handling vivid and independent writing, which provides favorable conditions and broad space: putting forward propositions and guiding students to tell interesting, true and read news clearly: first do exercises, then become a simple examiner, and then become a habit and enrich the content.

The strict requirement of authenticity in news writing can standardize students to write their true feelings with typical cases and give tools in four steps. The author believes that modifying the news writing process of "post-guidance", association, experience, conception and thinking according to the guidance and evaluation standards is very helpful to cultivate students' interest and motivation in writing, which is reflected in students' in-class revision and morning accumulation. Different categories branch and continue to connect, so as to realize it and build yourself. Prose-style communication and complementary literary works have also found a new world for middle school students to learn literary language.

Based on this and vivid observation, the essence is divergent thinking and refinement, so that students can learn to write in writing practice. "

Three.

There is an essential difference between keeping a diary and writing something new with hundreds of words, so that the language can be refined and the "evaluation standard" obtained by teachers and students can play a teaching purpose; At the same time, it is also a process for teachers to prepare lessons on the spot.

Step "thinking" to develop brain map, developing thinking to optimize language; Strict requirements for news value can standardize students' new ideas in writing and cultivate innovative spirit. Close to three methods of association, such as association, associating things makes the content of the article comprehensive, more associative and connects all kinds of knowledge from life and mind. ...

Classical Chinese composition in my eyes? How to write? About 500 words, thank you. This should be ok, just tell me how you feel.

Yu Guangzhong once put forward in the preface of Tianya Love Travel: "The most effective culture should use the most diverse and flexible languages.

Language can only be balanced and diverse if it is flexible.

"China's classical Chinese can best reflect this diversity.

It is not difficult to find that classical Chinese is quite difficult to understand compared with vernacular Chinese.

This is because word-making and writing are also a development process. At first, writing was a very laborious job when carving words with animal bones and shells. Therefore, classical Chinese appeared in ancient China, which was completely opposite to spoken Chinese. The spoken Chinese was detailed and concise.

Later, with bamboo slips and ink, writing became easier and there were more written records.

The richness and development of Chinese characters also determine that there are fewer words at the beginning, and more and more words are accumulated over the years, so the later the words are richer, so the later the classical Chinese is closer to the vernacular Chinese.

Classical Chinese refers to the written language of ancient Chinese based on pre-Qin spoken language, and the works that imitated it in past dynasties formed our present classical Chinese.

As a written stereotyped writing language, it has been used for two or three thousand years, from pre-Qin philosophers, Han poetry, to ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasties and stereotyped writing in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

In other words, classical Chinese is the ancient written language of China and the source of modern Chinese.

Ask for a composition in classical Chinese. An apprentice has been a teacher for many years, and he thinks he is ready to leave his master. "Master, I have learned enough, and I want to go down the mountain," the apprentice said to the master. "Why? What is enough? Disciple: Your mind is full of knowledge, so don't learn anything. Master: "OK, you go and get a big bowl filled with stones. Disciple did this and filled it with stones. Master asked "Is it full" and "Is it full?" The disciple replied. Host: "Sprinkle some more lime." The apprentice grabbed a handful of lime and spilled it, but it didn't spill at all. He seemed to realize something. Tomorrow's mid-term exam, everyone help! This is a question on Baidu. The address is as follows: I have been a teacher for several years, and I have my own experience. Please resign.

The Chinese teacher said, "Success should be rewarded."

""why? He Cheng? " "Learning has become hard to see.

""good.

Take a bowl and fill it with stones.

"ACTS with a bowl, filled with stones.

The teacher said, "Is it full?" A: "Of course.

"The teacher said," Add it to the ashes.

"ACTS from it, but nothing is lost.

I seem to realize something.

The teacher replied, "Is it full?" A: "Of course.

"The teacher said," add water.

"ACTS 16: 10 also flows out of it, but the water is not full yet.

Epiphany, worship, going back to school.

Modern writing: in late autumn, everything is bleak and sad.

However, the scenery of Bashan in late autumn has a unique charm.

Just arrived in Bashan, enter along the ancient road, go up along the road, and you can reach the top of the mountain.

The scenery of the mountains and rivers in the middle is intoxicating, especially in the morning and evening. The colorful glow is like a colorful dress around the mountains.

When the morning light gradually shone into the clouds, the shapes of steep rocks and steep peaks appeared in the mountains.

The sound of birds and beasts can be heard gradually in the mountains, and then Shuaishan wakes up.

The autumn wind crosses mountains and mountains, blowing the fog, just like a beautiful jade hand washing clothes in the mountains and taking away the sand and fog in the mountains.

After the fog cleared, I saw the bleak leaves in autumn dye the mountains and plains golden yellow.

I deeply feel the beautiful scenery of Bashan in autumn, but I can't help but feel sad when I think that although the mountain is so beautiful, it has finally entered the dying season.

I saw autumn scenery on the mountain again, only the cold autumn water sensed my sadness and turned it into my heart. The bleak trees got my sadness and were also worried.

So this is what people call autumn sadness. Although the mountains are beautiful, people tend to feel sad for those beautiful things that are about to die, so people will feel sad for autumn. This feeling is integrated into the autumn scenery, so it shows the bleak and bitter autumn.

I understand now that in this world, it is not other things that are most easily infected, but people's emotions. Whether it is a mountain or a hard stone, feelings can penetrate into it, which is stronger than water.

Classical Chinese: In late autumn, everything is bleak and worrying.

But the scenery of Bashan (if you want to write about other mountains, change your name) has a unique charm.

When I first arrived in Bashan, I entered along the ancient road and reached the top of the mountain.

At the same time, the mountains are intoxicating. At dusk, Cai Xia and Nishang surround the mountains.

When the color of the morning light gradually enters the clouds, the shapes of steep rocks and mountains gradually appear.

In the mountains, I heard the sound of birds and beasts, and Junshan first woke up.

Autumn wind walks in the mountains, blowing fog and clouds, like a beautiful woman's jade hand.

The fog dispersed and the clouds disappeared, only to see the beautiful mountains dyed golden by fallen trees in autumn.

I feel the autumn scenery in Bashan, but I recall that although it is a dreamy scene, it has also become a withered season, and sadness is born from it.

When I visited autumn scenery in the mountains for the second time and saw the cold water, I knew that I was sad and Xiao Shu was going to worry about my eyebrows.

If autumn is sad, the mountains are beautiful and handsome, but people are sadder than fleeting beauty, so they feel sad about autumn, and this feeling melts into autumn, so autumn is bleak and bitter.

I began to think that the thing that is most easily dyed on other things in the world is called love.

Although the mountain is a hard stone, it can penetrate it and is stronger than water.

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