1 characteristics of advanced manufacturing technology
1. 1 is a technology facing 2 1 century.
Advanced manufacturing technology is the latest development stage of manufacturing technology, which is developed from traditional manufacturing technology. It not only keeps the effective components in the manufacturing technology in the past, but also constantly absorbs various high-tech achievements and penetrates into all fields of product production and its whole process. The combination of advanced manufacturing technology and modern high technology has produced a complete technical group, which is a new technical field with a clear category and is a technology facing 2 1 century.
1.2 is a technology for industrial application.
Advanced manufacturing technology is not limited to the manufacturing process itself, it involves all the contents of product life cycle from market research, product development and process design, production preparation, processing and manufacturing, after-sales service, and combines them into an organic whole. The application of advanced manufacturing technology pays special attention to producing the best practical effect, and its goal is to improve the competitiveness of enterprises and promote the growth of national economy and comprehensive strength. The purpose is to improve the comprehensive economic and social benefits of manufacturing industry.
1.3 is a system engineering to control the production process.
Advanced manufacturing technology especially emphasizes the application of computer technology, information technology, sensing technology, automation technology, new material technology and modern system management technology in product design, manufacturing and production organization management, sales and after-sales service. It should constantly absorb all kinds of high-tech achievements and combine them with traditional manufacturing technology, so that manufacturing technology can become a systematic project that can control the material flow, energy flow and information flow in the production process.
1.4 is a globally competitive technology.
Since 1980s, the globalization of the market has further developed. Developed countries compete for markets, dump products and export capital through financial, economic, scientific and technological means. With the formation of the global market, the market competition is becoming more and more fierce, and advanced manufacturing technologies to adapt to this fierce market competition have emerged. Therefore, the main body of a country's advanced manufacturing technology should have the world advanced level and should be able to support the competitiveness of its manufacturing industry in the global market.
1.5 is the unity of the three elements of market competition.
Before 1970s, the technology of products was relatively simple. When a new product comes on the market, products with the same function will soon follow. Therefore, the core of market competition is how to improve productivity. After 1980s, the main contradiction of manufacturing industry to win market competition has changed from improving labor productivity to the contradiction of time, cost and quality. Advanced manufacturing technology organically combines these three contradictions and unifies them.
2 the development status of advanced machinery manufacturing technology
In recent years, China's manufacturing industry has continuously adopted advanced manufacturing technology, but compared with industrialized countries, there is still a staged overall gap.
(1) management. Developed countries widely adopt computer management, attach importance to the renewal and development of organizational management system and production mode, and introduce new management ideas and technologies such as just-in-time production (JIT), agile manufacturing (AM), lean production (LP) and concurrent engineering (ce). Only a few large enterprises in China have adopted computer-aided management, and most small enterprises are still in the stage of experience management.
(2) design. In developed countries, design data and standards are constantly updated, new design methods are adopted, and computer-aided design technology (CAD/CAM) is widely adopted, so large enterprises begin to design and produce without drawings. The proportion of adopting CAD/CAM technology in China is low.
(3) manufacturing technology. New processing methods such as high-precision machining, fine machining, micro-machining, micro/nano technology, laser machining technology, electromagnetic machining technology, superplastic machining technology and composite machining technology have been widely used in industrialized countries. China's penetration rate is not high, and it is still being developed and mastered.
(4) Automation technology. CNC machine tools, machining centers and flexible manufacturing units (FMC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS) have been widely used in industrialized countries, realizing flexible automation, intelligence and integration. China is still in the stage of single machine automation and rigid automation, and flexible manufacturing units and systems are only used in a few enterprises.
3 the development trend of advanced machinery manufacturing technology in China
(1) Globalization. On the one hand, due to the increasingly fierce competition in the international and domestic markets, for example, in the machinery manufacturing industry, many enterprises at home and abroad, even well-known enterprises, have been defeated in this ruthless competition, some of which have closed down and some have been merged. Many enterprises that temporarily occupy a share in the domestic market have to expand into new markets; On the other hand, the rapid development of network communication technology promotes enterprises to develop in the direction of both competition and cooperation, which further intensifies the competition in the international market. These two reasons interact and become the driving force for the development of global manufacturing industry. The first technical foundation of global manufacturing is networking, and network communication technology enables the globalization of manufacturing to be realized.
(2) networking. The rapid development and popularization of network communication technology has brought revolutionary changes to the production and business activities of enterprises. Product design, material selection, parts manufacturing, market development and product sales can all be carried out in different places or across national boundaries. In addition, the rapid development of network communication technology has accelerated the exchange of technical information, strengthened product development cooperation and management learning, and promoted the development of enterprises in the direction of paying equal attention to competition and cooperation.
(3) Virtualization. Virtual technology in manufacturing process refers to the simulation and inspection of product production process. Check the machinability of products, the rationality of processing methods and processes, and model and simulate production process planning, organization and management, workshop scheduling, supply chain and logistics design with the goal of optimizing product manufacturing process, ensuring product quality, production cycle and lowest cost. The core of virtualization is computer simulation, which simulates the real system through simulation software to ensure the rationality of product design and technology, ensure the success of product manufacturing and production cycle, and find the inevitable defects and errors in design and production.
(4) automation. Automation is a dynamic concept. At present, its research is mainly manifested in the integration technology and system technology in manufacturing system, man-machine integrated manufacturing system, manufacturing unit technology, planning and scheduling of manufacturing process, flexible manufacturing technology and manufacturing environment adapted to modern production methods. The development trend of manufacturing automation technology is manufacturing globalization, manufacturing agility, manufacturing networking, manufacturing virtualization, manufacturing intelligence and manufacturing green.
(5) greening. Green manufacturing produces green products through green production technology, green design, green materials, green equipment, green technology, green packaging and green management, and the products are recycled after use. Adopting green manufacturing can minimize the negative impact of manufacturing on the environment, and at the same time maximize the utilization efficiency of raw materials and energy.
4 conclusion
Manufacturing technology is not only an important symbol to measure a country's scientific and technological development level, but also the focus of international scientific and technological competition. China is in a critical period of economic development, and manufacturing technology is our weak link. Only by keeping up with the world trend of developing advanced manufacturing technology, giving it strategic priority and implementing it with sufficient strength can we narrow the gap with developed countries as soon as possible and remain invincible in the fierce market competition. In a word, it is imperative to research and develop advanced manufacturing technology in China.