Technical scheme for promoting the development of wind power generation.
With the rapid economic growth, the technology of wind power development is also constantly improving, which brings a lot of convenience to people's lives. However, with the development of technology, the development of wind power generation needs to solve many problems. This paper studies the technical scheme to promote the development of wind power generation.
Wind power generation; Development; Technical solution
China Library Classification Number: X703 Document Identification Number: A
I. Introduction
The technical scheme to promote the development of wind power generation is an important issue facing China. With the development of our social level, science and technology are also developing constantly. Therefore, in the future, scientific and technical personnel need to make great efforts in the direction of technical solutions to promote the development of wind power generation.
Second, the factors affecting offshore wind power generation technology
1, wind resource assessment
Wind resource assessment is the first step of wind farm development and construction, and it is the basis of wind farm site selection, aircraft location layout, fan selection, power generation estimation and economic budget estimation. In the macro analysis of site selection, according to the statistical data of the local meteorological department, the meteorological characteristics of several coastal cities in Liaoning are shown in table 1 and figure 1 respectively.
Table 1 Wind Resources of Some Coastal Cities in Liaoning Province
Yingkou, Panjin, Dalian, Jinzhou and other areas are divided into wind energy-rich areas and wind energy-rich areas according to wind energy resources, and the coastal areas are located in Bohai Bay, with stable wind speed and small waves, which is very suitable for offshore wind energy resources development from the perspective of macro wind resources. For further micro-site selection, it is necessary to establish a complete wind measurement system to obtain accurate technical data.
2. Submarine survey and infrastructure construction
The condition of seabed is directly related to the form of foundation. At present, the basic cost accounts for 65,438+09% of the total cost of a single machine, and the use environment and cost are different under different conditions. In China, offshore wind turbine foundations usually adopt four foundation forms: single pile foundation, tripod or multi-bracket foundation, settlement foundation and floating foundation. Its sea area is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Dividing the application scope of offshore wind turbine foundation according to water depth.
Among them, single pile foundation is suitable for shallow water and tidal flat, and its installation is simple, but it cannot be moved, so it is not suitable for soft seabed. Tripod or multi-support foundation is suitable for waters with a water depth of more than 30m. Its foundation is very solid, but it is expensive and difficult to move, so it is not suitable for soft seabed. The settlement foundation is suitable for the shallow sea area with convenient installation, but it needs leveling when the seabed surface is uneven. The construction cost is high. The floating foundation is suitable for the water depth of more than 50m, which is essentially a power generation ship and only suitable for deep-sea areas. Liaoning coastal wind speed is stable, the seabed drops gently, and the seabed geology is relatively hard, which is more suitable for single pile foundation.
Three, China wind power development should pay attention to the problem.
1, wind power planning is too extensive.
(1) The local construction planning of wind power projects is not connected with the overall national planning. When developing and planning wind power bases in various regions, the planning scale and construction sequence of wind power are mainly formulated according to the local wind energy resources, while the power structure of power system, transmission capacity of power grid, wind power consumption market and other factors are rarely considered. The wind power planning determined by the local government is far greater than the national master plan, which makes the planning and development of wind power projects lack systematicness and cohesion. Eleventh five-year plan? Since then, China's wind power development standards have been revised many times, which cannot reflect the overall guiding role of the wind power industry.
(2) The development of wind power projects is not in harmony with the planning of power sources such as water and coal. Because wind energy resources are intermittent, random and uncontrollable, wind power generation inevitably has the characteristics of randomness and local peak reversal, which has many influences on the safe operation of the system. Whether the power grid system can absorb the scale of wind power generation depends mainly on the reasonable planning degree of the whole system and the optimal allocation of resources. In developed countries, the power supply ratio of water, oil and gas is relatively high, and the peak-shaving capacity of the system is abundant, while in China, the situation is rich in coal but short of oil and gas. In the current power supply structure, the installed capacity of coal-fired power accounts for more than 75% of the total installed capacity in China. Hydropower plants are mostly radial power plants, which can't carry out peak shaving in wet season, while nuclear power plants don't participate in peak shaving at present, and the peak shaving capacity of the whole power system is seriously insufficient, which leads to the limited wind power absorption capacity of power grids in most parts of China.
(3) Wind power development and power grid planning and construction are insufficient. China's land-based wind energy resources are mainly distributed in the northeast, northwest and northern North China. Sanbei? The technical development in this area accounts for more than 95% of the total land wind energy in China, and the wind energy resources in China are basically inversely proportional to the electricity load. A place where wind energy is abundant and concentrated. Sanbei? The scale of power grid construction in this area is relatively small, and the power load is limited, so it is difficult to absorb the wind power output locally. Does this have anything to do with western developed countries such as Europe and America? Small, distributed, low voltage, local access? China's wind power development model is obviously different. Due to the unique geographical and climatic constraints in China, the development of wind power generation in China is inevitable. Large-scale, centralized development and long-distance transportation? Characteristics, which is facing more complex technical challenges. The large-scale development of wind power must rely on a powerful and flexible power grid, and the construction period of power grid is longer than that of wind power projects. Therefore, the planning and construction of wind power and power grid must develop in a balanced way, and there can be no disconnection. At present, the planning of wind power projects in various places does not refer to the local power grid construction plan and progress, which makes the completed wind farms unable to be completely and stably connected to the grid, and there is disharmony.
Fourthly, the prospect of wind power generation.
1, conservative mode
The model assumes that China wind power develops in a conventional way, and the quality and supply capacity of wind turbines basically maintain the current development level. In this mode, the pressure of greenhouse gas emission reduction is not great, and there are still many constraints in the development of wind power in China. Power grid construction lags behind the speed of wind power construction, the bottleneck problem of power grid has not been effectively solved, and the overall investment of wind power industry is relatively small, which makes the wind power industry develop generally. In this way, around 2020, the development of wind power is still relatively slow; After that, some problems were initially solved. After 2030, the wind power industry began to develop rapidly. If this development model is adopted, according to the report of China New Energy Industry Development Plan, the annual installed capacity of wind power in China will remain around 1.2 GW before 2020, and the cumulative installed capacity will reach 150 GW. After that, the annual installed capacity will remain at 1 GW, and the cumulative installed capacity in 2030, 2040 and 2050 will be 250 GW, 350 GW and 450 GW respectively.
2. Optimistic mode
The model takes into account the potential of wind power resources, environmental constraints, total social costs and other factors in China, government development goals and industrial development level, and assumes that developers are full of confidence in the current wind power market. In this mode, the problems existing in the development of wind power in China will be effectively solved, such as the initial elimination of power grid bottlenecks, the further improvement of wind power price system, and the progress in tackling key problems of wind power equipment. The development of wind power industry in China is relatively balanced in each period, the development of wind turbine manufacturing and wind power market keeps a reasonable speed, the power and power transmission capacity basically meet the needs of wind power development, the power system has a certain dispatching operation capacity, and the wind energy resources in China are fully developed. This model is a balanced and stable development model, close to the actual development level. According to the report of China New Energy Industry Development Plan, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in China will reach 200 GW in 2020, accounting for 20% of the global installed capacity, and the annual power generation will reach 440 TW? H, generating 250 billion RMB. After 2020, the annual installed capacity will remain at 1 GW, and the cumulative installed capacity in 2030, 2040 and 2050 will be 200 GW, 400 GW and 500 GW respectively.
3. Positive mode
This model fully considers the pressure of greenhouse gas emission reduction, the state increases investment, actively improves the technology R&D capability, so that the industrial development and basic R&D are simultaneously promoted, the power grid construction and regional connection are fully solved, and the power system has flexible dispatching capability; At the same time, the state has actively introduced various incentive policies for the wind power industry, and the legal provisions have been put in place, effectively solving the relationship between various stakeholders. The national development goal is consistent with the development speed of wind power, and the supporting wind power service industry has also been rapidly upgraded and developed. In this mode, the development of wind power presents a high-speed development trend, the manufacturing and market development of wind turbines maintain rapid development, there are qualitative breakthroughs in power grid technology, power system technology and wind power application technology, and the proportion of wind power in power structure rises rapidly. This model is an advanced development model. According to the report of China New Energy Industry Development Plan, before 2020, the annual installed capacity of wind power in China will remain at around 1.8 GW, and the cumulative installed capacity will reach 380 GW. After that, the annual installed capacity will remain at 1.5 GW, in 2030, 2040 and 2000.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) strategy-level solution
1. Strengthen demand side management and promote diversified utilization of wind power. Because the current cost of heat storage technology is much lower than that of electricity storage, in order to make full use of low-valley wind power, most Danish end users are equipped with electric boilers, heat pumps and other electric heating equipment to convert the remaining wind power into heat energy for heating, and some also use heat storage devices to change electricity storage into heat storage, which greatly reduces the abandonment of wind in low valleys. Wind power resources in China are mostly concentrated in the northeast and northwest regions with long heating period and heavy heating load in winter. If wind farm construction is combined with regional heating, it is of great significance to improve wind power consumption and reduce coal consumption to pilot electric heating in the heating area of the original heating boiler or the newly added heating area. It is also an important way to improve the utilization rate of wind power by combining the power demand management of the user side, promoting the diversified utilization of wind power and actively exploring the ways for the user side to utilize low-valley power.
2. Actively carry out pilot projects for low electricity prices of wind power.
The key to fully mobilize a wider range of power demand-side resources lies in electricity price incentives. Relying on its mature power market, foreign wind power powers give full play to the advantages of low operating cost of wind power and realize the full consumption of wind power. With the expansion of wind power scale in China, the problem of wind power abandonment and power limitation in low valley wind power has become increasingly prominent. China can learn from the wind power tariff models of Spain and Denmark, follow the basic principle of not breaking the current on-grid tariff system and connecting the current benchmark on-grid tariff, and pilot the low on-grid tariff of wind power. It is preliminarily determined that the grid-connected electricity price of wind power trough consists of two parts: one part is the government subsidized electricity price (that is, the difference between the desulfurization benchmark electricity price of local thermal power units and the grid-connected benchmark electricity price of local wind resource areas), which remains unchanged; The other part is the low-valley electricity price, which can be calculated according to the specific use of low-valley wind power. For example, using low-valley wind power to supply boiler heating can be calculated according to the heating cost not higher than that of coal-fired boilers, and the marginal electricity fee of wind power can also be calculated.
Ending of intransitive verbs
To sum up, in terms of technical solutions to promote the development of wind power, in order to find technical solutions to promote the development of wind power, scientific and technical personnel should not only make technical efforts, but also sum up the previous shortcomings and correct them, and solving existing problems will also be a great progress.
refer to
[1] Research on probability-based transmission system planning method of power grid with wind farms in Hanbei Electric Power University 2008(5):02-05
[2] Liu ... Power Grid Technology 2008 (13): 69-74.
[3] The development of wind power in the United States faces four major challenges: wind energy 20 13 (1):36-40.
[4] Su Xiaojuan German Wind Power Development Trend and Investment Analysis Wind Energy 20 12 (6):58-64.
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