Keywords: tourism resources development and protection
First, the principles of tourism resources development and scenic spot layout
As the only national scenic tourist area named after the whole city, Zhuhai is developing tourism resources, that is, expanding the capacity of tourism environment. In this regard, how to determine the direction, content, level and depth of expansion, so as to enhance both connotation and extension? What problems should be paid attention to in the process of capacity expansion? In my opinion, the following principles should be followed:
(1) Characteristic principle. The characteristic is the difference. The distinctive feature is the vitality of tourism resources. Only when there are characteristics can there be attention. Tourism economy itself is attention economy, so we should pay attention to the differences between tourist attractions and reflect the unique characteristics. The essence of developing and utilizing tourism resources is to discover, explore and utilize the characteristics of tourism resources. The developed tourism resources should not only maintain their original characteristics, but also make them more distinctive, innovative and exploitable, and absolutely avoid the original characteristics being destroyed by the developed tourism resources.
(2) Principle * * *. It is this tourism project that comes into being with another tourism project. Tourism projects are projects with strong externalities, which can be divided into positive externalities and negative externalities. The so-called positive externality means that tourism projects are compatible, complementary and coordinated. After seeing this scenic spot, I have the desire to go to another scenic spot. The so-called negative externality means that tourism projects are similar, not cooperative. * * * The nature of tourism resources includes natural resources and natural resources, natural resources and cultural resources, cultural resources and cultural resources. Different tourism projects have different birth phenomena. For example, exhibition halls, hotels, shopping malls, transportation facilities, natural attractions, and man-made attractions all interact with each other. Therefore, we should pay attention to the coordination of various tourist attractions in a small area.
(3) networking principle. Tourism is an expanded network and a natural network. In the development of Zhuhai's tourism industry, we often emphasize the concept of the Greater Pearl River Delta, and give full play to the advantages of tourism resources of cities in the Pearl River Delta. In fact, if a place has unique tourist attractions, even if it is stopped, tourists will try their best to visit it and try their best to solve the problems such as poor roads and inconvenient accommodation. The key question now is whether our tourist attractions have formed bright spots, whether they have formed a network, and whether the tourist attractions in various places have produced complementary effects in a large area. According to the actual situation of Zhuhai tourism, there are the following three networks.
The first is the small network, that is, the large expansion of tourist attractions in the central city. It is necessary to consider the * * * nature between scenic spots, emphasize the excavation of connotation, including the implementation of tourism development in the western and eastern parts of the city, and focus on the development and construction of cultural tourism scenic spots in Tangjiawan ancient villages and towns (including the original Tangjia ancient town, * * * Paradise, Qi 'ao Baishi Street, Jinding Huitong Village, etc.). ). Zhuhai international racing, Pearl Paradise and other tourism resources also need to be integrated), modern education, science and technology cultural tourism scenic spots (including university park, southern software park, science and technology innovation coast, etc. ), Nanwan Tourism New Area (including industrial tour of Nanping Science and Technology Industrial Park, Yang's Grand Ancestral Hall in Beishan, Wan Chai Flower Park, shopping tour of seafood dry goods market, etc. ), as well as Hengqin characteristic tourist area.
Followed by the network. That is, "two districts and one island", that is, the tourism development of Doumen District, Jinwan District and Dongdao. Baiteng Lake Tourist Area in Doumen District has matured; Imperial hot springs are also famous at home and abroad; Huangyangshan-Jintai Temple tourist area is being improved; Eco-agricultural tourism needs further development and excavation. Although Jinwan District has not been established for a long time, the development of tourism has also shown a good momentum. Amazon tropical garden has made a good start; Pingsha Hot Spring is magnificent because of the capital injection from CTS. Feitan has gradually become a tourist crossing the river like a crucian carp; The 30-kilometer-long Zhugang Avenue will not only be connected in series with new industrial parks, but also with new tourist areas ... But at present, the arrangement of tourist routes in Daxi District is still one-way, and there is no loop. We should change the "U" structure composed of Zhugang Avenue, Hu Xin Road and Huang Yang Avenue into an "O" structure, so as to form a small closed loop between them, and connect lakes, mountains, temples, hot springs, port beaches and other landscapes with human landscapes and urban landscapes in series, and then radiate outward. Island development in the eastern region needs to be strengthened. Judging from the currently developed Dong 'ao Island, Guishan Island, Wanshan Island and Wailingding Island, problems such as insufficient infrastructure, water and electricity supply, traffic and pollution need to be solved, tourism project development needs to be explored, and animal and plant resources protection needs to be strengthened. In particular, it is necessary to take the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge as an opportunity to strengthen cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao, and form a characteristic tourist loop in the Pearl River Estuary.
The third is the big network, which is the connection of tourism resources in the whole Greater Pearl River Delta. We should make maximum use of other people's resources to make up for our own shortcomings, and integrate local resources with foreign resources to learn from each other's strengths. The tourism resources of Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Zhuhai and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao can be completely integrated. The Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Zhuhai Food Tour launched at the beginning of this year is a good start.
In view of the above, it is very important to build our own core scenic spots in order to realize the characteristics, naturalization and networking of tourist attractions. But at present, many of our tourist attractions have the problem of low-level redundant construction. The key lies in the idea, design concept and development subject of scenic area expansion. From the design concept, the development of natural resources not only requires uniqueness, but also emphasizes the cultural connotation of resource development. As the saying goes, the mountain is not high, and the fairy is not famous; The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. The same is true of scenic spots. The scenery is not big, it will be brilliant with cultural connotation, and it will be prosperous with national and local characteristics. Small-scale development of natural scenic spots without culture will lose its connotation and will not make people linger. The low level of construction of some tourist attractions is mainly manifested in this respect. As far as cultural landscape is concerned, theme parks are the easiest to repeat. Why is the development level too low and the complementarity is not strong? The key is that the cultural archetypes of many theme parks are wrong. Historical culture, religious culture, national culture and fantasy culture (amusement parks) are all complementary, some are extended, some are transformed and some are compared. If the relationship between the two is not handled well, the scenic spot planning will be difficult to implement.
Second, the development and protection mode of tourism resources
Another expansion direction of Zhuhai tourist attractions should be from the city to the countryside, which is in line with the general trend of human beings returning to nature. In this process, we should vigorously develop eco-tourism and handle the relationship between the development and protection of natural resources. There are four modes to deal with this relationship; Three problems should be paid attention to in developing eco-tourism.
(A) the mode choice of tourism resources development and protection
1, protect for protection. This is negative and has been denied by practice. Protecting for the sake of protection is the responsibility of the cultural relics department, not the purpose of local governments, especially the purpose of tourism.
2. Develop for the sake of development. This is blind, and it is the consciousness of small farmers. Just as farmers raise pigs in water towns and fish in rivers, they raise and sell them for their own interests, but they ignore the pollution caused to water bodies. In other places, areas with very good landscapes are turned into cemeteries, and as long as they can sell for a little money, environmental benefits and sustainable development are completely ignored. In fact, they destroy the cornucopia to beg.
3. Develop for protection. If this landscape is unique, unique and non-renewable, it must be developed through protection. There are both marshes and incomplete wetlands in Baiteng Lake area, which is characterized by the combination of natural ponds and artificial ponds. It is very rare for Zhuhai to have such a piece of land. Here, human landscape and natural landscape, ecological benefits and economic benefits can be completely unified, which is difficult to find a second one in the whole city of China. The landscape of Baiteng Lake Water Town is unique, unique and non-renewable. If it is destroyed, it can't be recovered. For this kind of tourism resources, it cannot be monopolized by one enterprise, but must be monopolized by the government. Under the guidance of high starting point planning, the development is carried out in stages with enterprises as the main body.
The main body of tourism resources development can be divided into three categories: first, the development is entirely based on enterprises. Second, the government and enterprises conduct monopolistic development. Like Venice, the roads and bridges in Baiteng Lake Town will be built by enterprises as the main body. The right to operate small cruise ships is monopolized by the government and auctioned to enterprises. Third, it is completely developed by the government. Such as the renovation of ancient villages in urban areas and the protection of water bodies. Important tourism resources should adopt the latter two development modes.
4. Protect for development. For example, the stone carvings of Xi Shi and the cliffs of Gaolan Island can only be protected through development. You can choose to develop with enterprises as the main body under the premise of strict government planning. After some projects are planned, the 30-year management right of the project can be auctioned publicly, and the state-owned assets can be maximized, and it is a one-time income. The development and management rights of the above-mentioned stone carvings and islands in the East District can be sold at a high price if they are auctioned publicly, and then the owners will invite investment by themselves and carefully plan the development. This is the government's monopoly on the ownership of the project, and the management right is liberalized.
When the project management right is auctioned publicly, two goals should be set: who has the most development ability and who designs the best development plan. The first tender is evaluated by auction, and the second tender is evaluated by the expert group. Unify these two goals and finally determine the development unit.
If we protect for the sake of development, we must stop developing "stone economy", "sediment economy", alpine vegetables and wood processing, and turn lush hills into chronic diseases, which is extremely destructive to natural resources. These low-level and destructive developments must be stopped and structural adjustments made.
(B) the development of eco-tourism should pay attention to the problem
Developing eco-tourism is the highlight of Zhuhai. The forest coverage rate in Zhuhai is over 70%, which is our biggest resource and is complementary to Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao. When developing eco-tourism, we should pay attention to the following issues:
First of all, the goal of ecotourism is a primitive and harmonious ecosystem. This lesson should be supplemented in the development of tourist attractions in China. In western countries, there is a discipline of landscape science, which emphasizes that the whole natural land is regarded as a macro-level landscape, not a micro-level courtyard. However, China usually deifies the natural landscape with some mysterious cultural colors. Therefore, in the landscape, it must be a harmonious state between man and nature, culture and ecology.
Second, we should protect the objects of eco-tourism. Ecological resources are different from general resources, which are non-renewable and irreversible. This problem exists in mountain forests and water bodies. So, what is the object of protection? Who will protect it? What is the purpose and motive of protection? These three must be clarified. Otherwise, ecological resources cannot be used permanently.
Third, the development of eco-tourism should emphasize the participation and profitability of local people. Only with the participation of local people can the power of destroying resources be transformed into the power of protecting resources and the power of construction. The participation of the masses is direct, because they are the main interests themselves. When the stakeholders are determined, the development and protection of resources will be easy. At the same time, there is coordination. The eco-tourism developed by local people is original, and this humanity and local ecology are coordinated and complementary. Only when local people participate in it and benefit from it can they realize the value of resources and consciously protect them. Many scenic spots were hacked in the past, but they were not stopped. Finally, the government gave a little money to organize farmers to set up mountain protection teams, allowing them to open small shops in designated places in the scenic spots and do business in local products and tourism products. As a result, the power of destruction became the power of protection, because they benefited from it. Indonesia attaches great importance to this point in the development of Nusa Dua tourist resort in Bali, and has achieved good economic, social and environmental benefits.
Eco-tourism mainly has four functions: tourism function, protection function, promoting economic growth or poverty alleviation function, and environmental awareness education function. Therefore, the comprehensive benefit of developing ecotourism is very high, and we must adhere to the policy of "strict protection, unified management, rational development and sustainable utilization".
Third, the integration of tourism resources development and urban construction.
Tourism is a comprehensive industry, and cities are the most in-depth tourism resources with good retention, which is the combination of attention economy and agglomeration economy. The carrier that can not only attract people's attention, but also make people go backwards is the city. No matter how beautiful the caves in scenic spots are, it is impossible to keep tourists in caves, but cities can achieve this effect. We know very little about it.
(1) Types of tourist towns. As a city, it should have unique natural features, active economic vitality and concentrated tourist facilities. Each city has different landscapes, a long history and culture, superior and prosperous shopping environment, convenient transportation and living conditions, and developed scientific and technological information. Zhouzhuang, a famous water town in the south of the Yangtze River, was wantonly destroyed in the past. Now it is recognized as a tourist resource and has been restored. As a result, it has become a treasure, and the annual tourist ticket income is several million yuan. Ticket revenue is five times the total tourism revenue. For example, Zhuge Village in Lanxi used to be a relatively shabby village. After the restoration, the annual income of tourist tickets also reached 3 million yuan, becoming the most important source of income for the village economy. These are the effects of paying attention to the development of tourism in urban construction. According to the characteristics of urban tourism resources, Zhuhai's towns can be divided into three categories;
1, resource-driven. Natural and cultural resources are unique, such as Jinwan District, Tangjiawan Town in Xiangzhou District, and islands in the East District.
2. Economic drive. Mainly for shopping circulation, such as Doumen City, Qianshan City and Wanzai Town. Are typical economic-driven.
3. Urban comprehensive type. There are many natural landscapes and a wide range of economic and cultural attractions. Such as Xiangzhou main city.
The construction of these towns should be classified and the local resources should be found out. Such as Hengqin Oyster, Wan Chai Flower, Lotus Root of Baiteng Lake, Litchi of Doumen, Crab of Heavy Shell and other unique resources, we should explore their historical traces, explore their cultural connotations, write touching stories, innovate and become good tourism resources.
(B) the development and utilization strategy of urban tourism resources
1. Establish the strategic thinking of integrated development. Without the strategic idea of integration, urban construction will be a thousand cities. Only by paying attention to tapping their respective advantages can we reflect their own urban construction characteristics. According to statistics, Zhuhai received more overseas tourists than Hangzhou the year before last. Why did we surpass Hangzhou? It is precisely because we have established the strategy of integrating urban construction and tourism development in urban construction, which has become a model of perfect combination of the two. It is limited that we attribute tourism to six elements: food, shelter, transportation, shopping and entertainment. In fact, it can be divided into three systems: the first is the direct marketing system. Such as tourism projects, tourism subjects, tourism resources, media and tourism services, all of which directly serve the tourism industry. The second is the intervention system. Such as transportation, airports, docks, railways, etc. , solve the external accessibility. Including communications, finance and insurance, commerce, etc. Are all part of tourism. The third is the support system. Such as urban landscape, real estate, cultural facilities, medical care, public security and so on. Without these three systems, it is impossible to form an overall strategy for tourism development.
2. Establish the consciousness of hardware construction integration. At present, our awareness in this area is relatively weak, and the hardware construction is often fragmented. Typical, such as the construction of flood control dikes in rivers and seas, there is no awareness of tourist attractions. The renovation of urban rivers has also become a drainage ditch, just a water conservancy project, leaving many landscape and ecological regrets. To implement the integration of hardware construction, we must first highlight the sense of characteristics. Through the hardware construction of the city, the degree of attention is formed and the distinctive landscape is produced. The combination of these landscapes is a unique urban landscape. Tianjin has a successful experience in this respect, such as transforming the moat that has become a stinking ditch into a tourist landscape with convenient transportation, beautiful environment and suitable for leisure and sightseeing-the park around the city. The second is environmental awareness. Dalian puts forward that "going out is a garden" and "scenery is everywhere". Cities are developing in the direction of gardens, and residential areas are evolving into tourist attractions, just like Singapore, which has formed a strong cohesion and attention. The third is cultural awareness. We advocate the establishment of various forms of theaters and museums, and the restoration of historical blocks, villages and cultural relics. We should pay attention to the artistry of urban construction, strive for perfection, and advocate exquisite culture. The fourth is identifiability. A city should give people a unique feeling on the macro level. Why do many tourists want to travel to Lijiang, Yunnan? After Xu, the former mayor of Shanghai, went to Lijiang River, he proposed that Shanghai would not rebuild the old city. Why? Because Lijiang fully displays the unique features of the ancient city by using the structure of folk houses, it forms a texture different from other cities, giving people a feeling of an alternative city. Therefore, Old Town of Lijiang is very attractive to Chinese and foreign tourists. In many other cities, people's houses and urban houses are the same, which interrupts the continuation of their own historical context and thus loses their own style and status.
3. Establish the concept of highlighting the characteristics of local resources. Among the cities in China, water-deficient cities account for the majority, and waterscape resources are even scarcer, while Zhuhai is rich in rivers, lakes, streams and wetlands, and waterscape resources are extremely rich. If we make full use of these water landscape resources, Zhuhai will be unique. The construction scale of hardware facilities in Zhuhai is difficult to compare with other cities in China. In terms of cultural construction, Zhuhai should form a romantic, leisure, elegant and exquisite artistic conception, which should be different from other cities. Therefore, urban construction should be created around its own characteristics, including residential buildings, reflecting the landscape of Lingnan water town and subtropical customs, and forming a new Cantonese architectural feature, which not only has the charm of simplicity, solemnity, elegance and exquisiteness of Lingnan architecture in China, but also widely absorbs advanced foreign building materials and construction technology, highlighting the fresh, bright and magnificent style of modern architecture.
(3) The content of the integration of tourism resources development and urban construction. Mainly reflected in the following ten aspects:
-Shaping citizens' internal cultural quality and displaying Zhuhai's unique spiritual outlook. Every city has its historical and cultural accumulation, which is also a kind of tourism resource with depth and connotation. For Zhuhai, it is mainly the externalization of the "spirit of the SAR", and it is necessary to improve the comprehensive quality of the citizens. Why can Canberra, Australia attract tourists from all over the world to travel? It is because of the excellent quality of local literature that people are very willing to go there.
-Strict urban management, especially urban traffic management. Urban traffic must be convenient and fast to ensure safety and smoothness.
-Ensure the safety and order of the city. The problem of northwest tourism resources lies in the local public security environment.
-Hospitality and promotion of regional credit. When tourists arrive in Zhuhai, there should be no fakes in the tourist products they buy. Just like buying gold ornaments in Hong Kong, they are all marked with the proportion of ingredients. As long as a commodity cheats a customer once, the Hong Kong Tourist Association will disqualify it from dealing in gold ornaments, and the management is very strict. So buying gold ornaments in Hong Kong is totally authentic. If Zhuhai can do this and become an honest and upright city, it will become a big selling point.
-Successfully held various tourism festivals. The "Four Seasons and Eight Festivals" introduced by Jiangxi is worth learning. Zhuhai should also create a tourist atmosphere with seasons and festivals and a climax every month. Tourism activities in all districts and towns should pay attention to quality and be related and complementary in content and time.
-Vigorously develop the convention and exhibition industry. Zhuhai has the ability, resources and potential to develop convention and exhibition industry. We should start with Zhuhai International Air Show and International Racing, and start with the World Economic Development Declaration Conference.
-Promoting urban cultural activities. There should be both Chun Xue and Lower Liba people, combining elegance with fashion. There is one scene for elegant cultural activities, and that is to continue to run the Zhuhai International Film Culture Festival. There are more than 20 crews filming in Zhuhai all the year round, and the whole city of Zhuhai is a good film and television base. Lijiang has ignited Naxi ancient music and become a must-see project for Lijiang tourism. As the frontier of reform and opening up and the intersection of one country, two systems, a beautiful tropical coastal tourist city with profound historical and cultural heritage and vigorous vitality does not have its own characteristics, which is unreasonable! Pop culture, namely southern acrobatics, square culture and folk songs and dances, is also a good program. The play of Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town is very good, shocking and impressive. Moulin Rouge in Paris, France, is also a must-see for many tourists coming to Paris.
-Keep the city clean and tidy. In Singapore, Macau and other tourist cities, urban buildings are generally painted once every three years, so that the urban appearance is always fresh and tidy. Urban greening, street paving, lighting and billboards should also be coordinated with the overall urban landscape. For example, the commercial pedestrian street can be in line with Macao, and pebbles are paved with colorful patterns, which have strong visual effects and leave a deep impression on tourists.
-We should explore and upgrade traditional famous dishes. In recent ten years, light and delicious Cantonese cuisine has been accepted by the vast number of immigrants in Zhuhai. And the immigrants brought their own hometown dishes and foreign dishes, which can be described as the intersection of north and south, the integration of east and west, and colorful. However, it needs further efforts from all walks of life in the city to truly form the local folk food style and become a gourmet paradise that tourists flock to. In recent years, it is undoubtedly a good start to select Zhuhai's famous dishes and snacks from several groups of Zhuhai gourmet plots.
-Optimize the management of scenic spots. For similar comparable scenic spots, it is necessary to compare the best and worst scenic spots, and let tourists and citizens vote to establish a mechanism to promote them to strengthen and improve management.
Like other tourist cities in the world, holding international activities, innovating the content and form of tourism activities and developing tourist attractions with local characteristics will inject new vitality into the sustainable development of Zhuhai tourism.
Posted in China Paper Download Center.