Outline of Confucius' Philosophical Thought
On Confucius' Ecological Philosophy Thought
Kong Qiu is recognized as the originator of Confucianism and is called Confucius by the world. As the founder of Confucianism, he first expounded the ecological philosophy of Confucianism. Confucius believes that all things are equal, and nature is an interconnected and interactive organic whole, which requires people to follow the laws of nature and live in harmony with nature. And propose? Are you filming or not? The concept of ecological resources protection? Le shan le shui? His ecological view fully embodies Confucius' rich ecological philosophy. These thoughts have merged into the long river of Chinese civilization and become the brilliant flower of Chinese ecological ethics civilization, which provides us with useful spiritual resources for correctly understanding the relationship between man and nature and protecting the ecological environment today.
Keywords Confucius; Ecological philosophy; Harmonious
It is generally believed that Laozi talks about human relations more than nature, let alone ecological philosophy. Indeed, Taoists talk more about the relationship between man and nature. Even Zigong said:? Master articles are available and audible; The nature of Confucius' words and nature of heaven cannot be obtained and heard. ? So, did I say that? Heaven? (that is, the way of nature)? Of course, because Zi Gong made it very clear. Can't get it, can't smell it! ? It's just not easy to hear. If you haven't said it, how can you hear it or not? In The Analects of Confucius? In Yang Huo, Confucius said? What did heaven say? Confucius' ecological philosophy is extremely rich, which provides reference for us to build an ecological civilization and a harmonious society today.
First, the ecological view of nature that respects the laws of nature.
Everything in the universe has its own value and is an equal member of the universe. In the past, anthropocentrism, starting from the interests of human beings, established human beings as the subject of value, regarded all other life as the object of value, and divided human beings into many different levels with the law of value, thus establishing an unequal world. And Confucius thought? It has been Taoist, and nothing is noble. ? It has established a harmonious ecological landscape for us, in which people and everything are thriving.
Fate is an objective and irresistible natural law. For example, the four seasons change, and everything grows according to its own laws. Only by mastering it and sowing in spring can people have a golden autumn harvest. Only when people get used to it, can they cool off in hot weather and keep out the cold in winter, can they be healthy and not get sick. If you go against your destiny, you can neither do a good job in grain production nor ensure the healthy growth of people. This is tantamount to self-destruction, so a gentleman must fear destiny.
Confucius' reverence for destiny not only means that people should follow the laws of nature, but also? Fear of fate? With what? Gentleman? The combination of personality embodies an ecological ethical consciousness of the unity of man and nature. Will. Fear of fate? As a department. Gentleman? 、? Little people? The dividing line requires a gentleman to be modest, not overcorrected, not overcorrected, to maintain the harmony between man and nature, and to maintain world peace and tranquility. The golden mean? The life of a gentleman is easy to live, but the danger of a villain is fortunate? Is there a villain? Fear of fate? Heart, so reckless, do anything immoral, not only dare to destroy the relationship between people, but also dare to destroy the relationship between man and nature, so a series of so-called? Moral crisis? 、? Crisis of faith? And then what? Ecological crisis? Phenomenon.
The reason why Confucius liked the Book of Changes in his later years was that it was about following the laws of heaven, Tao, man and the four seasons. ? From time to time, the wise don't stay, don't know good or bad, and follow the heart of heaven and earth. This is the so-called "Iraq" road. Therefore, "Yi" has heaven, but it can't be called sun, moon and stars, so it is yin and yang; There are tunnels, and fire, water, gold and civil engineering cannot be used, so the law is soft and rigid; Some people have a way, so they can't be called father and son, monarch and minister, husband and wife successively, so there are ups and downs; There are four seasons, so you can't say anything, so it's gossip. ? .
From this, we can understand the good intentions of Confucius who advocated fearing fate, establishing gentleman's personality and maintaining the healthy development and ecological balance of human society 2500 years ago. Today's society should take Confucius' theory of gentleman's personality as an example, and cultivate ecological ethics consciousness that consciously follows the natural laws of heaven and earth, which is the only way to control ecological problems? Antidote? .
Second,? Are you filming or not? View of saving ecological resources
The Analects of Confucius? The seventh record says: No classes for fishing, no shooting for cruising. ? That is, Confucius used fishing rods instead of nets to fish, and used arrows with raw silk to shoot birds instead of birds living in nests. This reveals Confucius' viewpoint of saving ecological resources. We know that Confucius lived in the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,500 years ago. At that time, China was rich in wildlife resources. Relying on mountains to eat mountains, relying on water to eat water? Fishing and hunting are necessary to maintain a basic life, so Confucius's fishing by the river and shooting birds on the mountain are all manifestations of participating in labor and maintaining a basic life, and there is no problem of killing wild animals in today's sense.
Why did Confucius advocate fishing with bamboo poles instead of rope nets and shooting arrows with raw silk instead of bird's nests? This is because fishing with a rope net can catch all the fish, no matter how big or small; Shooting birds living in nests will also kill all nests, big or small. In this way, the sustainable utilization of ecological resources will be destroyed, which will not only cause resource depletion, but also hinder people's fishing and hunting lifestyle. This is inhuman behavior, so Confucius opposes it. Of course, this concept of saving ecological resources also embodies Confucius? Pan-love the people and care about others? For the survival interests of most people, we oppose the social development strategy of destroying the ecological ethics of wild resources and maintaining the sustainable development of renewable resources.
He said:? A gentleman doesn't think enough, and he doesn't think about safety. ? That is, a gentleman doesn't need to be too full when eating, and he doesn't need to be comfortable when living. Why do you ask? If you don't have enough to eat, will you live unsteadily? And then what? Because eating too much will inevitably consume more food, living too comfortably will inevitably consume too much land space and building materials, and it is not frugal, so it is not taken by gentlemen. It can be seen that Confucius advocates frugal life, saves resources, pays attention to internal moral cultivation and gentleman personality, and does not pursue external luxury and luxury. Undoubtedly, under the condition of underdeveloped productivity and limited resources that can be directly used, his frugality view has important progressive significance for reducing people's suffering, maintaining daily life and protecting ecological resources.
Today, although the level of productivity has been greatly improved and people's living conditions have been greatly improved, in order to protect the ecological environment, we should vigorously advocate the concepts of ecological conservation and ecological consumption. Saving glory and wasting shame should be the ecological ethics advocated by the whole society. We say that the global environmental problems in today's world are directly related to the excessive pursuit of high consumption and the neglect of thrift. If everyone can carry forward Confucius? Eating and drinking water, bending your arms and pillow it, is happiness among them? Our ecological consumption concept, eating coarse grains, drinking cold water, bending our arms as pillows and living frugally and happily will save more resources for our planet and benefit future generations.
Third, a harmonious and moderate ecological outlook on life.
Everything is made up of elements, and different elements make things have different properties. This constitutes a diversified and diversified harmonious world. Chapter 30 of The Doctrine of the Mean says: Everything is born without harming each other, and Tao is parallel without contradicting each other. ? In other words, everything grows together and does not infringe on each other, and various reasons exist and do not conflict with each other. Is that what you're talking about? Harmony but difference? . ? And then what? The premise is differentiation and difference. Differentiation and difference are the essence of life, resulting in the richness and diversity of the world. But differences and differentiation have to be overcome? And then what? That is, diversity and unity can form a complete life world. So what? And then what? What exactly do you mean? There are differences and contradictions between things, which are both inclusive and complementary. ? Just as in an ecosystem, every individual or community is an active factor affecting the whole body, and each factor influences each other and creates its own living environment. And then what? Same? Is to reject the identity of diversity and difference. What is the way to achieve harmony? Mean? . ? Medium? This is not a compromise. This is unprincipled. ? Mean? It doesn't mean mediocrity and smoothness. Feng Youlan said? Medium? Is it? Just right. Ever? Zhu explained:? Usually. ? Chen Jiesi believes that? Medium? It means even odd, which means observing without deviating, so the middle way is: stick to the right path.
Everything exists within a certain range. If we want to maintain the existence of something, we must let it exist between the upper limit and the lower limit. It's called. Medium? . If you can't reach the lower limit, or exceed the upper limit, and go to the two extremes of things, it will lead to the collapse of the system and the destruction of things. Is this what Confucius said? Too much? . So look at it correctly? Anthropocentrism? 、? Naturalism? And then what? Zero growth? Such as extreme ecological and natural views, understand the truth that extremes meet, and take the road of harmonious development between man and nature.
Fourth,? Le shan le shui? Ecological ethics
Confucius? Le shan le shui? Eco-ethical feelings, conscious integration with nature, appreciate the infinite charm of all things in nature. Confucius? Le shan le shui? The proposition can be found in The Analects of Confucius? Yong also sixth:? Confucius said: The knower enjoys water, while the benevolent enjoys Leshan. Those who know move, those who are good are quiet. People who know are happy, and people who are kind live long. ? Is this a compliment from Confucius? Knower? And then what? Benevolent? In a word. In Confucius' view? Knower? And then what? Benevolent? Are they all morally cultivated people, which is equivalent to what we said today. People with lofty ideals? . Confucius praised the cultivation skills of people with lofty ideals in order to encourage his students and the general public to do so? Knower? And then what? Benevolent? Love and protect nature.
So, to cultivate? Le shan le shui? First of all, Confucius thought that if you want to be indifferent to Zhi Ming, there is a way to become a saint and a gentleman. Don't change your fun? The ambition of life. He said,? A gentleman seeks the Tao instead of food? Yan Hui did it. Although the living conditions are very difficult, he can be in a position because he has a clear life ambition as a saint and a gentleman? A dirty alley? All the time? Don't change your fun? . Second, there must be? Pan-love the people and care about others? Psychological consciousness, only when the heart is full of love, will it? Le shan le shui? Love the mountains and rivers, don't kill the fish in the water, and keep the birds in the mountains for only one hour? The bird is dying, and its song is sad? Compassion. Thirdly, by studying poetry and music, we can improve our knowledge and aesthetic awareness of nature. He said that learning poetry can enrich our imagination and observation, and we can learn more about the names of birds, animals and plants, while learning music can improve our self-cultivation and help others achieve their careers, so it is beneficial to training? Le shan le shui? Ecological ethical feelings.
Confucius revealed self-cultivation by discussing how to achieve this ideal life realm of sharing happiness and longevity with mountains and rivers. Le shan le shui? Ecological ethical feelings are closely related to being a benevolent and establishing a noble gentleman's personality. A gentleman should be kind to the people, enjoy loving others and enjoying water, and organically integrate ecological ethics education into ethics education. From this, we can also find that Confucius' ethics and ecological morality are consistent, while people with lofty ideals and Leshan Music Water are not only contradictory, but also promote and integrate each other. Confucius? Le shan le shui? As a moral code of conduct to cultivate the Confucian ideal gentleman's personality, it shows that the founders of Confucianism attach importance to ecological ethics.
Although there are many reasons for the deterioration of the ecological environment today, in order to pursue immediate interests and ignore the lives of future generations, people abuse the earth's resources and violate ecological ethics (especially intergenerational ethics). On the one hand, it leads to unprecedented economic prosperity and national strength; On the other hand, serious environmental problems and ecological crisis? Contradiction? The situation is very terrible. Confucius' view of ecological nature provides us with rich spiritual resources and beneficial enlightenment for correctly handling the relationship between man and nature, building a harmonious society and creating ecological civilization today.