Emile: On Education was written by Jean Jacques? Books created by Rousseau. Below, I will briefly introduce the main contents of this book for you. I hope you like it!

Introduction to the work:

Emile is Jean-Jacques? Rousseau thinks he is? The best and most important of all my works? To a great extent, it is a philosophical paper on human nature, devoted to discussing the political philosophy of the relationship between individuals and society; In particular, how individuals can maintain their good nature in a society that inevitably tends to degenerate. This book was first published in 1757 and 1762 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. When this book was published, it caused a sensation in France and some bourgeois countries in western Europe and had a great influence. This book is not only Rousseau's monograph on bourgeois education, but also his masterpiece on bourgeois social and political thought. In Emile, Rousseau tried to describe an educational system, which made him in The Theory of Social Contract (1762). Natural person? Can live in a society that inevitably tends to degenerate. Rousseau described the story of Emil and his mentor to illustrate how to educate an ideal citizen. Emile is not a detailed parenting guide, but it does contain some special suggestions for educating children.

Rousseau's educational thought is based on his view of natural humanity. He believes that people are born free and equal; In the natural state, everyone enjoys the rights given by this day. After human beings entered the civilized state, inequality, privilege and slavery appeared between people, thus making people lose their own nature. In order to change this unreasonable situation, he advocated that children should adapt to the natural development process? Nature education? Cultivate the kingdom of reason? Newcomer? .

Rousseau's nature education is to obey the eternal laws of nature and let people's body and mind develop freely. Its means are life and practice. He advocates the use of physical teaching and intuitive teaching methods, so that children can obtain the knowledge they need from personal experience of life and practice through sensory feelings. Closely related to nature education, Rousseau also advocates educating children on labor and freedom, equality and love, so that they can learn the means of making a living, develop the ability to control freedom and physical strength as soon as possible, and maintain natural habits.

This book is divided into five volumes. Rousseau put forward the principles, contents and methods of educating children of different ages according to their age. In the first volume, it focuses on how to carry out physical education for infants before the age of two, so that children can develop naturally. In the second volume, he thinks that children between the ages of two and twelve are still asleep and lack thinking ability, so he advocates sensory education for children in this period. In the third volume, he thinks that teenagers aged 12 to 15 have already had some experience through sensory perception, so he mainly discusses their intellectual education. In the fourth volume, he thinks that1young people between the ages of 5 and 20 begin to enter the society, so he mainly discusses their moral education. In the fifth volume, he thinks that Young Men and Women mainly discusses the education of women and the love education of young men and women because of the needs of natural development. Rousseau's idea of education by stages according to the characteristics of the times is undoubtedly a great progress in the history of education, which provides valuable enlightenment to the later development of bourgeois pedagogy, especially to the development of educational psychology. However, some people say that this phased teaching method of separating physical education, intellectual education and moral education is unscientific.

About the author:

Rousseau (17 12- 1778) is a famous French enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator and writer. He was born in a watchmaker's family in Geneva, Switzerland. He was an ideological pioneer of the French Revolution in the18th century and one of the most outstanding representatives of the Enlightenment. In philosophy, Rousseau advocates that feeling is the source of knowledge, and insists? Deism? Viewpoint; Emphasize that human nature is good, and faith is higher than reason. On the social view, Rousseau insisted on the social contract theory and advocated the establishment of the bourgeoisie? Kingdom of reason? ; Advocate freedom and equality, and oppose big private ownership and its oppression; Put forward? Natural human rights theory? Oppose tyranny and tyranny In education, he advocates that the purpose of education is to cultivate natural persons; Oppose feudal education to harm and despise children, and demand to improve children's status in education; Advocate the reform of educational content and methods, conform to children's nature, and let children develop freely physically and mentally. His major works include On the Origin and Foundation of Human Inequality, On Social Contract, Emile, Confessions, The Fantasy of Lonely Walkers, etc.

Catalogue of works:

Introduction of main characters

Chapter I Education of Natural Persons

Chapter II The Birth of Amir

Chapter III Emil's Early Childhood

Chapter IV Amir's Childhood

Chapter v emir's education when he was young

Chapter VI Amir's Youth

Chapter VII Emile's Love and Marriage

Foreword:

We have a curable disease; We are born good people. If we are willing to correct it, we will get the help of nature.

The feelings and opinions in this collection are unordered and almost incoherent. It was originally written to make a considerate and virtuous mother happy. At first, my plan was just to write a short article, but I couldn't help writing all the time, so this paper became a book before I knew it. Of course, in terms of content, this book is too heavy, but in terms of what it discusses, it is still too small. I have been considering whether to publish this book for a long time; And when writing, I often feel that although I have written several pamphlets, I still can't say that I know how to write books. I tried to write this book better, but I failed several times. However, after so much effort, I think I should publish it like this in order to arouse everyone's attention to this issue. Moreover, even if my opinion is not good, if I can inspire others to have good opinions, my time will not be completely wasted. A recluse made his article public, and no one boasted or defended it. He doesn't even know what others think or say about his article, so even if his point of view is wrong, he doesn't have to worry that others will accept his mistake without thinking. I don't want to say how important a good education is, nor do I try to prove that our common educational methods are not good, because many people have done this kind of work before me, and I never like to fill my books with things that everyone knows. I just want to make it clear that people have been loudly opposing this old educational method for a long time, but no one has ever been prepared to propose a better method. Literature and science in our time are often more destructive and less constructive. People can criticize in a teacher's tone; As for the suggestion, it is necessary to adopt another tone, but this tone is not very popular with arrogant philosophers.

Although many people write books and say that their purpose is entirely for the benefit of the people, among all the undertakings beneficial to mankind, the first item, that is, human education, has been ignored. No one has talked about the problem I have expounded since Locke's book came out. I'm worried that my book will remain the same after it is published.

We don't know children at all: we have wrong ideas about them, so we go further and further, and go further and further. The smartest people devote themselves to studying what adults should know, without considering what children can learn according to their own abilities. They always treat children as adults, but don't think they are underage. It is this kind of problem that I am studying. Its purpose is that even if my method is absurd, people can still benefit from my point of view. As for what should be done, maybe my view is very wrong, but I believe that I have clearly seen the problems that people should start to solve. So, let's start with your students and study hard. Because I can safely say that you know nothing about them: if you read this book with this view, then I don't believe it is useless to you.

? Put forward feasible methods? People tell me again and again. Similarly, people also told me that we should carry out what everyone does; Or, at least combine the good methods with the existing bad methods. In some things, this idea is much more absurd than mine, because with such a combination, the good will get worse and the bad will not get better. I'd rather stick to the old method completely than adopt only half the good method, because then there may be fewer contradictions between people: he can't achieve two opposite goals at the same time. Parents, the feasible way is the adoption method you like. Should I express your wish?

For any plan, there are two points to consider: first, the plan should be absolutely good; Second, it is easy to realize.

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