1. Tang Taizong's classical Chinese theory of bows and arrows and answers Tang Taizong's classical Chinese theory of bows and arrows and exercises ① refers to Prince Shao Shi ② Xiao Yu, saying, "I have several good bows and arrows, and I have a dozen good bows, so I call myself unbounded, and I am close to showing my bow ③, but I said,' None of them are good materials'.

I asked him why, and the worker said,' If the heart is not straight, the pulse theory will be evil. Although the bow is strong, the arrow is not straight' I began to realize that it is not refined to distinguish people.

I set up a phalanx with my bow and arrow, but before I finished my knowledge, everything in the world could spread all over Zhihu! "Is to make kyou-kan more than five books stay introspection (5), see a few refuse, ask to folk sufferings, political gains and losses. (Selected from Zi Tang) Note: ① Theory: monarch, here refers to.

(2) Prince Shao Shi: an official who teaches the Crown Prince to learn. (3) Archers: craftsmen who make bows.

4 evil: incorrect. ⑤: Stay in the book for introspection: Take turns to rest in the book for introspection.

More, take turns. Introspection in China's books is the decision-making body of the imperial court.

1 Explain the following bold words. (1) I'm short of bows and arrows (2) I'm not good at distinguishing (3) I'm not good at distinguishing (4) I read slowly (2) I chose an item with the same meaning as "Yi" in Asking People's Suffering () A doesn't like things, B doesn't like himself, C takes Xu Gong's words as D. From this passage, I think everything. Answer 1( 1) Love, hobbies (2) All, (3) Once upon a time (4) Many times, I chose D 3 as a monarch who cared about the sufferings of the people, was good at governing the country, was good at introspection and was good at remonstrating.

2. On the bow of Emperor Taizong (in classical Chinese), my names are Prince Shao Shi (2) and Xiao Ri (2): "I have few bows and arrows, but I have more than ten bows. I claim to be unbounded and close to the show of the bow, which is a day of' none is good'.

I asked him why, and I said,' If the heart is not straight, the pulse theory will be evil. Although the bow is strong, the arrow is not straight' I began to realize that it is not refined to distinguish people.

I set up a phalanx with my bow and arrow, but before I finished my knowledge, everything in the world could spread all over Zhihu! "Is to make kyou-kan more than five books stay introspection (5), see a few refuse, ask to folk sufferings, political gains and losses. Emperor Taizong said to Xiao Yu, "When I was young, I liked to play with bows and arrows. I thought I could fully understand the mystery.

Recently, I got dozens of good bows to show to bow makers. They said,' These are not good materials.

I asked them why, and the craftsman said,' If the wood heart is not straight, the wood grain is not good. "Although the bow is hard and strong, it can't move forward when shooting an arrow, so it's not a good bow." I just began to understand this truth.

I thought I had pacified the quartet and used my bow for a long time, but I still couldn't understand the truth. Besides, I don't have much time to master state affairs, and I don't understand the meaning of this truth. I'm not as good at understanding bows as I am. I still don't understand the bow, let alone the truth of governing the country. "From then on, officials with more than five items in the book and introspective officials went to Beijing to report on their work. Every time Emperor Taizong summoned them, he gave them his seat, talked with these words, asked about the visits around the country, and learned about the needs and unwanted things of the people, the gains and losses in political education, and so on.

Tell us that he is an enlightened monarch who can think of the people.

3. Tang Taizong's classical Chinese answer to Tang Taizong's theory of bows and arrows

Classical Chinese and exercises

The first refers to Prince Shao Shi, and the second refers to Xiao Yu, who said, "I have ten bows and few good arrows. I claim to be the best. I am close to showing my bow, but I said,' None of them are good'. I asked him why, and the worker said,' If the heart is not straight, the pulse theory will be evil. Although the bow is strong, the arrow is not straight' I began to realize that it is not refined to distinguish people. I set up a phalanx with my bow and arrow, but before I finished my knowledge, everything in the world could spread all over Zhihu! "Is to make kyou-kan more than five books stay introspection (5), see a few refuse, ask to folk sufferings, political gains and losses. (Selected from Purple Tongzhi Ji Jian Tang)

Note: ① Part I: The monarch, here refers to Li Shimin. (2) Prince Shao Shi: an official who teaches the Crown Prince to learn. (3) Archers: craftsmen who make bows. 4 evil: incorrect. ⑤: Stay in the book for introspection: Take turns to rest in the book for introspection. More, take turns. Introspection in China's books is the decision-making body of the imperial court.

1 Explain the following bold words.

(1) I'm short of arrows (2) I'm not a good material (3) I'm not good at distinguishing the first enlightened person (4) I'm not good at it.

Choose the one with the same meaning as "one" in "asking people about their sufferings" ()

A doesn't like things, doesn't think about self-pity, B takes the road of loyalty and advice, C takes beauty in Xu Gong, and D asks the ministers about current affairs.

From this passage, we can see what kind of monarch Emperor Taizong was.

answer

1( 1) Love, hobby (2) All, all (3) Many times ago (4)

2 choose d

A monarch who cares about the sufferings of the people, is good at governing the country, is good at introspection and is good at coachable.

4. According to the original classical Chinese translation of Emperor Taizong's Bow and Arrow, Prince Shao Shi Xiao Yu said, "I have several good bows and arrows, but I have more than a dozen good bows. I call myself unbounded, and I am close to Xiugong's works, but I said,' None of them are good material'. I asked why.

Gong said,' The wooden heart is not straight, and the pulse is evil. Although the bow moves, it is not straight.' I began to realize that distinguishing people is not refined.

I set a square with my bow and arrow, but I haven't finished my knowledge yet. What's more, the world can be spread all over Zhihu? "Is to make kyou-kan more introspective than five products, ask people's sufferings, ask political gains and losses. The emperor said to Xiao Li, an official who taught the prince to study, "I liked bows and arrows when I was a child, and I had more than a dozen good bows." I thought there was nothing better than these. Recently, I showed them to the bow maker, and the craftsman said,' None of them are good bows', so I asked him why. He said,' If the wood core is not straight, then the wood grain is not straight, and no matter how strong the bow is, the arrow I shoot cannot be straight.' This reminds me of something familiar. So he ordered officials who were above five products in Beijing to live in Zhongshu Province in turn, and invited them to the audience many times to ask the people about their sufferings and political gains and losses.

5. Emperor Taizong modestly changed the translation of classical Chinese. Emperor Taizong modestly changed his classical China politician.

Translation:

In the eighteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong said to the ministers of his attendants, "There was a saying of prenatal education in ancient times, and I didn't have time to think about it. But recently, since the establishment of the prince, everything has to be taught to him. When I saw him preparing to eat food, I asked him,' Do you know how food comes from?' The answer is,' I don't know. I said,' All the farming of sowing and harvesting is very hard. Just because farmers work hard and don't take up working hours, they often have such meals. Seeing him riding a horse, I asked him, "Do you know how horses come from?" The answer is,' I don't know. I said,' This is something that can do things for others. We should let him work and rest without running out of energy, so that he can ride horses often. Seeing him take a boat, I asked him, "Do you know how a boat works?" The answer is,' I don't know. I said:' The boat is like a king, and the water is like a people. Water can float a ship and also capsize it. You will soon be the monarch, how can you not be afraid! Seeing him resting under a crooked tree, I asked him, "Do you know how a crooked tree stands upright?" The answer is,' I don't know. I said,' Although this tree is curved, it can stand upright with ink. Although the monarch sometimes does some absurd things, he can be enlightened by accepting advice with an open mind. This is what Fu said, which can be used to warn himself. " "

Original text:

In the eighteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong summoned his courtiers and said, "There is an ancient child in prenatal education, and I am at a loss. However, since the recent establishment of the Prince, there has always been an instruction. When he saw that he was about to eat, he said, "Do you know how to eat?" Yes:' I don't know. It is said that' crops are difficult to do, and people will spare no effort'. If they don't hurry, they will always have this meal. Seeing him riding a horse, he said, "Do you know horses?" Yes:' I don't know. It says,' Only those who can work hard for others can keep pace with the times, and those who don't work hard can always have horses.' Seeing him on the boat, he said, "Do you know about boats?" Yes:' I don't know. Yue: "The boat is better than people, and the water is better." . The knife cuts bread and fingers. You are the master, don't be afraid! Seeing him resting under a crooked tree, he said,' Do you recognize this tree? Yes:' I don't know. Yue:' Although this wood is curved, the rope is straight. Although a gentleman has no way, admonition is sacred. Fu said that you can learn from yourself.

6. Have you ever commented on the classical Chinese of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin? The evaluation of Li Shimin's portrait in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty shows that the ruling ruler has never been born! Yu has the world, there are six kings in ten miles, and Shao Kang has the industry of ZTE.

The soup spread all over the world, to the twenty-eight kings, and those who were very prosperous were called three cases. The prince of Wu has the world and passed it on to the thirty-six kings. The one who succeeded was Gong Xuan, the sum of Kang, and there is nothing to say about the rest.

Although there are omissions in the poetry books, there are more than 700 years in three generations, and there are more than 70 monarchs. Only these six or seven monarchs have their excellent works seen in later generations. Alas, it's rare! The Book of Old Tang Dynasty commented on Mitchell, saying: Guan Wendi, a minister, made many strange achievements in SHEN WOO and was very clever.

Pulling people out is not personal to the party, but passive ambition is to do our best. Therefore, the enemy is willing to fall in love with him; Ma Zhou and Liu Yue, estranged from each other, died and appointed Jun Heng.

Finally, I thank you. Try to talk about: the foundation moistens the clouds, and the insects sing and jump.

Although Yao Shun is a saint, he can't compare with Qiong Qi. Yi and Lv Zhixian can't make a fortune for peace. When the monarch and the minister were killed, their eyes were gouged out, and the ants were weak, and the good was different from the value.

With the house and Wei, they have more hills and caves, so they can respect the Lord and protect the people. Kuang Fazhou and Zhou Chengzhi are hereditary, but I have a legacy; He is more ashamed of virtue than the grandeur of Chinese and martial arts.

I won't be confused, but I've been good at this for a thousand years. Just one person! Jason Wu said in "Preface to Zhenguan Politicians": "Taizong's current politics is considerable, and it has existed since ancient times, but nothing exists." Ge Zhi, the author of Zhenguan Power Collection in Yuan Dynasty, said: "Fu Taizong took the matter of two emperors and three kings as the way of self-cultivation and was ashamed of the way of family."

However, he sacrificed himself to remonstrate, be virtuous, use himself, be diligent and thrifty, and be generous in loving the people. He is also a descendant of three generations, and there is no one else except himself. After a gentleman, it will be beneficial to choose his goodness and follow it, and change his inferiority! "Here, it is said that Emperor Taizong cultivated himself and showed his ethics in the heart of the emperor. The guilty two emperors and three kings mainly refer to the throne of Emperor Taizong and his younger brother Li.

When Ming Xianzong ordered Confucian scholars to revise and reprint Zhenguan dignitaries, he wrote: "Emperor Taizong was a wise king in the Tang Dynasty, who helped the world and the people. He is great and outstanding. Unfortunately, those who cultivate themselves are guilty of two emperors and three Wang Zhidao, and their treatment is not pure. "

As we all know, Li Shimin is a person. No one is perfect, everyone makes mistakes. In the later period of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong began to have some changes, first reflected in Shangshu.

In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), Wei Zhi found that he "spoke frankly, which was the beginning of some mistakes of Taizong. First, to conquer Goguryeo, some people think it was a wrong move, which was necessary and needed according to the situation at that time.

First, Goguryeo is responsible for waging war. Goguryeo brazenly attacked Silla, a vassal state of the Tang Dynasty, and provoked war. In order to maintain his authority, Tang needed to wage war to protect the interests of his vassal States. Second, in the war, Tang Jun is just and human, which is also an external condition to ensure that Tang Jun has little loss. All the cities captured by Tang Jun supported Tang Jun.

However, in order to maintain justice and humanization, it led to local stability and prolonged the war period. Third, Tang Jun's retreat and the subsequent war fully reflected Li Shimin's mind and superb strategic thinking. Tang Jun wiped out 40,000 people in Koguryo with a loss of 2,000 people, which is rare throughout the ages.

When retreating, the enemy rarely bows to the city wall. Tang Jun's military harassment and political blockade in the later period made Goguryeo's strength go from bad to worse, and finally Gaozong eliminated Goguryeo.

Celebrity commented on Wu Cheng: "After three generations, I enjoyed the country for a long time, only Han and Tang Dynasties." "Taizong is outstanding and is the crown of the three sects of the Tang Dynasty."

Guo Simiao: "The rule of two emperors and three kings is beyond the reach of future generations. Taking other people's roads is all benevolence and righteousness. Emperor Taizong, with his bravery, defeated the enemy like corruption, and passed all the way ... The rule of two emperors and three kings was particularly impressive. "

Gezhi: "As for the monarch of later generations, he talks about reading, discussing form and admiring imitation. The affair of the husband, the second emperor and the third king continued, and the sages of the Han Dynasty wrote six or seven works. What is the political independence of He Zhenguan? " "However, self-denial is made by remonstrance and benevolence, courtesy and frugality, generosity and love for the people. It is also unique under three generations.

The king of later generations, choose its good and follow it, change its bad, wouldn't it be beneficial? "Yi Jun's Compilation of National History": "The coup of Taizong was considerable, and it has never existed since ancient times. "Ouyang Xiu:" Sheng zai, the fierceness of Taizong! In addition to the chaos of the Sui Dynasty, it is better than soup and martial arts; The beauty of governance, a few percent, health. "

Emperor Qinghe of Japan also gave himself the title of Zhenguan (859-877). Lv Zuqian commented on Emperor Taizong: "The rule at that time was not only chastity, but also Yao and Shun."

Hu Yin: "In the heyday of the Han Dynasty, Taizong was within reach. The careers of Yu, Tang, Wen and Wu are not what you want! " Fan Zuyu: "Governing the Tao is advocated by people. Why not do it for Taizong?" ? And its success, returning to the next one, this past emperor is out of reach. "

Ceng Gong: "The trip of testimonies, the prosperity of rites and music, the system of regions, and the teaching of detailed sequence are not between the lines prepared by the former king. The battle will be won and the attack will be taken. The world thinks that it is martial, not what the former king is still doing; People who have been unable to govern in the past four centuries will obey, and the world will think that this is prosperity, not the previous king. "(There was a case dispute between the neighbors, and finally many parties verified it. This passage means that Tang Taizong surpassed the former king and was not inferior. Sima guang: "Taizong's talent in civil and military affairs is higher than that of the former ancient times."

After three generations, China is not prosperous. Later generations commented on the power of bringing order out of chaos in the early Tang Dynasty: "Confucianism was not prosperous since ancient times, and Confucius was the sage, starting from Taizong. Therefore, temples customized in past dynasties have been worshipped all over the world. The details of names and objects, the preparation of sounds and meanings, and the detailed analysis of them have all been tested by future generations. "

Fan Cheng, a poet in Song Dynasty: You might as well be born in Zhenguan, and Xiaomi counts money defenseless! Su Zhe: There is only one sage of Emperor Taizong since the Western Han Dynasty. If Ren Xian can make a difference, he must be a man. He will be thrifty and the world will be punished.

Since the third generation, there is no comparison. Neo-Confucianist Zhen Xiu De praised: "Later generations are incomparably better people of Taizong, and the balance of chastity cannot be lost."

In the compilation of books in the Ming Dynasty, there was an evaluation of Emperor Taizong: "A gentleman has three great virtues: first, coachable is modest; Second, know people and be good at their duties; Third, be diligent and love the people; And those who have never had the virtue of a gentleman in later generations ... The beauty of the later system can't be added ... Perfect, and the talent of later generations can't match ... "Grosset:" Because of the great achievements of Emperor Taizong.

7. Sima Guang, a classical Chinese text with clear rewards and punishments translated by Emperor Taizong, recorded in "A Mirror with Resources" that Emperor Taizong had given 18 ministers 26 times.

Wei Zhi, the admonition doctor, received the most awards, with eight awards, including 65,438+0,900 silks, 400 yuan, 65,438+0 golden jars and 65,438+00 gold, and two horses per room. After Wei Zhi's death, Emperor Taizong ordered officials above Grade 9 to come to mourn and personally wrote an inscription for him.

He said to the ministers: "People can take copper as a mirror, clothes as clothes, history as a mirror, know the rise and fall, and people as a mirror to know the gains and losses; Wei Zhi is dead, and I am a dead mirror! Using copper as a mirror can straighten clothes; Taking the past dynasties as a mirror, we can know the truth of the country's prosperity; Take people as a mirror, you can understand your own gains and losses. I often keep these three mirrors to prevent myself from making mistakes. Now that Wei Zhi has passed away, I have lost a mirror! ) "defeated the general of the East Turkistan, Li Jing, was rewarded twice, with three thousand silks, and the number of food cities increased to five hundred. He was also appointed as Dr. Zuo Guanglu. Yu Zhining and Kong assisted as dry princes, and made many remonstrances, each offering 65,438+0 Jin of gold and 500 silks.

Ashnashe (Turkic) was the chief officer who conquered Gaochang. After Gaochang was pacified, all the generals were rewarded. Because there was no order from the emperor, he didn't accept the reward. After receiving the imperial edict from the emperor, only some old and weak servants and defective products were accepted. Emperor Taizong attached great importance to his honesty and prudence, and gave him a treasure knife seized from Gaochang, 1000 variegated colored silk.

Emperor Taizong not only rewarded court officials and military generals, but also attached great importance to rewarding grassroots officials. In November of the third year of Zhenguan (A.D. 629), the envoy sent by Emperor Taizong arrived in Liangzhou (now Wuwei City, Gansu Province), saw that Governor Li Daliang had a very good eagle and suggested giving it to the emperor. Li Daliang disagreed and told Taizong that you refused to hunt, but the messenger asked for an eagle, contrary to your claim. If the emissary takes the initiative, it means that you are not employing people properly.

Emperor Taizong was very happy to see the secret watch. He praised Li Daliang for his honesty and integrity, so he gave him his own Hu Ping and Xun Yue's book Han Ji. In the 14th year of Zhenguan (AD 640), at the beginning of October, Emperor Taizong wanted to go hunting in the same state, passing through Liyang County (now yanliang district), and the county magistrate Liu advised Emperor Taizong to postpone the autumn harvest for a few days, so as not to affect the farming season. Emperor Taizong deeply appreciated it, gave him a seal script, and soon promoted him to make an order of Xin 'an County.

Emperor Taizong will be rewarded for his meritorious deeds and punished for his mistakes. Most of the officials he rewards belong to upright and honest people, while the main punishments are those who are rebellious, corrupt, dereliction of duty and flattery.

According to Zi Jian, dozens of officials were punished by him, including meritorious ministers, cronies and relatives. Hou was an important general who assisted Taizong to establish the world, launched the change of Xuanwu Gate and led the army to conquer it. He used to be the minister of the Ministry of War, but he was executed together with Zhao Ke, the nephew of Emperor Taizong, because of his participation in rebelling against the Prince.

In the first month of the nineteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong went to Liaodong and appointed Wei Ting to be responsible for transporting rations. However, due to his dereliction of duty, more than 600 military ships carrying grain ran aground in Lvsitai and were sent to Luoyang for dismissal.

Cangzhou secretariat debated corruption and bribery, and Taizong ordered people to personally supervise the implementation. In September of the sixth year of Zhenguan (AD 623), Wei Chijingde, the secretariat of Tongzhou, attended a banquet of Emperor Taizong. He saw a man sitting in front of him and said angrily, "What contribution have you made, sitting on me?" Li Daozong, the cousin of Emperor Taizong, sat under him and tried to persuade him. Wei Chijingde not only refused to buy, but also almost blinded Li Daozong.

Emperor Taizong was very angry and said to him, you have repeatedly broken the law, don't do it yourself; National discipline can only be maintained by rewards and punishments, and there cannot always be excessive partiality. You should reflect and correct yourself, and don't leave any regrets. Since then, Wei Chijingde has been afraid and restrained.

In the winter of the 19th year of Zhenguan (AD 645), Emperor Taizong led the army of the Northern Expedition to Yizhou (where he ruled in Yixian County, Hebei Province). Sima Chen presented the vegetables grown in the greenhouse to the emperor. Emperor Taizong thought it was flattering and dismissed Sima Chen. From the actions of Tang Taizong in governing the country and managing officials, it can be seen that he has a clear love and hate, and the system is strict. Those who have contributed to the country will never be stingy with money and reward them. Those who plot rebellion will be punished; Those who embezzle, accept bribes and neglect their duties should be killed, removed from their names and their property confiscated; Sniff at flatterers and cut off their official positions.

Emperor Taizong used the actual executive power to manage the country and officials, which produced a good way to govern the country and left valuable experience for future generations.

8. Emperor Taizong modestly changed the classical Chinese Zhenguan politician Zhenguan for fifteen years. Emperor Taizong asked Wei Zhi, "Why don't you come to the imperial court to take care of everything?" Zheng Dui said, "Your Majesty accepts it with an open mind. You have something to say. However, the ancients said,' if you don't believe it, you think it's slander; Believe without remonstration, it is called a corpse' but people have different talents and devices, and cowards are honest and straightforward; Alienated people are afraid of disbelief and silence; People who are pregnant with Lu are afraid to say it, for fear of inconvenience. So, they are silent to each other, and they live in silence. "Taizong said," as you said, every time I think about it, I want to remonstrate, and I don't need to be afraid of death. What's the difference between going to Ding with my husband and risking my life? "So, loyal subjects don't seek loyalty. Dedication is extremely difficult. So I worship long characters, don't I? Now I open my arms and accept my advice. You and others are not afraid of work, so don't say anything. "

In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong asked Wei Zhi, "Did the courtiers discuss political affairs recently? Why? " Wei Zhi replied, "Your Majesty should have something to learn with an open mind. However, the ancients said:' people who are not trusted will be considered as slandering themselves; Being trusted and not remonstrating leads to corpses everywhere. But people's talents and temperament are different: timid people are honest and can't remonstrate; Alienated people are afraid of distrust and can't give advice; People who long for Lu's position are afraid of being unfavorable to themselves and dare not remonstrate. So everyone was silent and had to muddle along. "Taizong said," these phenomena are really like what you said. I often think that people who want to remonstrate are often afraid of death. What's the difference between this and going to Ding wok and being boiled to death with a sword? Such a loyal courtier does not want to be loyal, but it is too difficult to be loyal. So Yu Xia listened to good advice to thank humbly. Isn't that why? Now I open my heart to the advice, so you don't have to be afraid to say what you want to say because of fear. "

9. On the day when Emperor Taizong translated the emperor's classical Chinese, the emperor (Emperor Taizong) said to the ministers on both sides: "I read the Collected Works of Emperor Yang Di and found that the wording of the article is profound and profound. I know that it must be Yao and Shun, but it denies Jie Li and Zhou, but why is it the opposite when doing things?" Minister Wei Zhi replied, "Although the people's monarchs are all wise men in Tessa, they should also accept others' suggestions with an open mind and let the wise men contribute their talents.

The brave man did his best. However, Emperor Yang Di relied on his position, arrogance and willfulness, so although he talked about the virtues of Yao and Shun, he did an unruly behavior.

He didn't know himself, and he was ruined in the end. The emperor said with deep feelings, "The lessons of our predecessors are not far away, so we should learn from them."