At present, there are narrow and broad understandings of psychosomatic diseases. Psychosomatic diseases in a narrow sense refer to physical organic diseases in which social psychological factors play an important role in the onset and development, such as essential hypertension and ulcers. As for the physical dysfunction in which psychosocial factors play an important role in the onset and development, it is called psychosomatic disorder, such as nervous vomiting and migraine. Psychosomatic diseases in a broad sense refer to physical organic diseases and physical dysfunction in which psychosocial factors play an important role in the onset and development. Obviously, generalized psychosomatic diseases include narrow psychosomatic diseases and narrow psychosomatic disorders. This book basically adopts this broad concept. In order to help understand, as an intuitive way of thinking, Figure 7-L lists the relationship between the concepts of psychosomatic diseases for reference only.
By the way, in the current literature, psychosomatic diseases and psychosomatic disorders are sometimes mixed together. Psychosomatic diseases and psychosomatic disorders also overlap and overlap. Psychosomatic disorders mentioned in some works sometimes generally include some psychosomatic diseases and some neurosis, so generalized psychosomatic disorders and generalized psychosomatic diseases are sometimes almost synonymous. Readers need not delve into this.
The concept of psychosomatic diseases has been changing in clinic. According to the authoritative American Handbook of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders (DSM), DSM-I (1952) has a category of "psychosomatic diseases". DSM-Ⅱ (1968) was renamed as "psychophysiological autonomic nerve and visceral reaction" and defined as "somatic symptoms of single organ system caused by emotional factors"; According to the classification, the organs involved, such as asthma, are regarded as "psychophysiological respiratory response". All of them are classified as "psychological factors affecting physical condition". Diagnostic criteria are: ① physical symptoms caused by psychological factors and the time correlation between mind and body; ② The body has organic changes or definite pathological processes (such as vomiting); ③ It does not conform to the diagnosis of somatic diseases and neurosis.