Starting from the meaning and function of safety culture, this paper expounds the necessity of building safety culture in enterprises, and puts forward some measures for building safety culture in enterprises.

Enterprise safety culture, safety production and construction measures

Introduction to 0

Safety is the eternal theme of social development and economic construction, and it is also the eternal theme of enterprise development and survival. As far as the country is concerned, safe production is related to the people-oriented ruling concept and the construction of a harmonious socialist society. For enterprises, safe production is related to the improvement of economic benefits and the sustained and healthy development of enterprises; For employees, safety is life and the first demand of people. With the development and progress of society, people pay more and more attention to safety. Starting from the meaning and function of safety culture, this paper expounds the necessity of building safety culture in enterprises, and puts forward some measures for building safety culture in enterprises.

1 Significance and function of safety culture

1. 1 the concept of safety culture

There are two definitions of safety culture: broad and narrow. Broadly speaking, some people in our country define "safety culture" as "the sum of all safety material wealth and safety spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of production and life practice to ensure physical and mental health and safety". The founder of safety culture, International Nuclear Safety Group, gave a relatively narrow definition: "Safety culture is the sum of various qualities and attitudes existing in units and individuals." The Nuclear Facilities Safety Advisory Committee (hscasni) of the British Health and Safety Committee revised the definition of insag: "The safety culture of an organization is the comprehensive product of individual and collective values, attitudes, abilities and behaviors, which determines its commitment, work style and proficiency in health and safety management." These two definitions limit safety culture to spiritual and quality cultivation. In many papers and materials about safety culture, we often see words such as "improving the quality of safety culture of the whole people", "advocating safety culture", "popularizing safety culture" and "learning safety culture". In fact, we regard safety culture as the synthesis of people's consciousness, concept, attitude, knowledge and ability about safety and health, which coincides with the narrow sense of safety culture. It is necessary to study and discuss safety culture in a broad sense theoretically, but it is not appropriate to use the concept of safety culture in a broad sense, but to use the concept of safety culture in a narrow sense to promote practical safety work.

1.2 Functions of safety culture

1.2. 1 guidance function

What the enterprise safety culture advocates and advocates will gradually shift employees' attention to what the enterprise advocates and advocates through subtle influence, and accept the same values, thus guiding personal goals to enterprise goals.

1.2.2 Coagulation function

Enterprise safety culture makes employees integrate into it by changing their interests, hobbies and entertainment methods. When its values are recognized by employees, it will become a kind of adhesive, unite employees from all aspects, and form great centripetal force and cohesion.

1.2.3 excitation function

Enterprise safety culture can give full play to people's initiative, creativity, enthusiasm and wisdom, so that employees can have a heartfelt emotion and enterprising effect. As a natural person, everyone has strength and basic thinking ability; As a social person, everyone has spiritual needs and contains great spiritual strength. When people have no motivation, they only exert material strength. After they are motivated, their spiritual strength will develop. The greater the incentive, the greater the development of spiritual strength.

1.2.4 constraint function

Enterprise safety culture has a restrictive and normative effect on the thought and behavior of every employee in the enterprise, which is different from the institutional constraint emphasized by traditional management theory. Although there are written hard institutional constraints, the emphasis is on unwritten soft constraints. Through the role of culture, beliefs form a fixed pattern in the deep psychological layer of employees and build a response mechanism. As long as there are induced signals, it can get a positive response and quickly turn into expected behavior. This restraint mechanism can effectively alleviate the conflict between employees' autonomous psychology and the reality of being ruled, weaken the resulting psychological resistance, and thus produce a stronger, deeper and more lasting restraint effect.

1.2.5 normative behavior function

The four basic functions of the above-mentioned safety culture, namely, guidance, cohesion, encouragement and restraint, are ultimately manifested through behavior. Therefore, the significance of building enterprise safety culture lies in standardizing employees' safety behavior by improving their safety culture quality.

2 the necessity of building enterprise safety culture

2. 1 Enterprise's own requirements for safety production management

Modern management science emphasizes the principle of "people-oriented", which is to solve people's ideological problems and create preconditions for other links of management. The construction of safety culture can improve the moral content and safety awareness in management, conform to the objective reality of all employees in the enterprise and the characteristics of the production site, and is an effective form to solve the problem of safety awareness of all employees and form a correct safety awareness; The construction of safety culture is to create a safe and harmonious cultural atmosphere, make all personnel form a safe thinking mode, and take safety production management as the starting point and destination.

2.2 the needs of the survival and development of enterprises under the conditions of market economy

China is in the transitional period when the socialist market economy system is gradually established. The competition among enterprises under the market economy system is becoming increasingly fierce, which also brings severe challenges to the safety series management of enterprises. In today's world economic integration, a dynamic enterprise must have its own unique safety material culture in the face of fierce market competition, such as clear enterprise objectives, perfect rules and regulations, advanced technical equipment, systematic training and education measures, and qualified safety production facilities. There must also be a certain number of visible and tangible hardware such as enterprise safety culture positions and beautiful and clean production sites. Up to now, enterprise management has experienced three stages: experience management, scientific management and behavior management. Safety culture management is the fourth stage of enterprise management, which is adapted to the market economic system.

2.3 the need to make up for the defects in safety production management

The direct causes of safety accidents can be divided into two categories, namely the unsafe state of things and the unsafe behavior of people. The unsafe state of things refers to the state where accidents and injuries may occur due to the objective existence of substances and energy used in the production process, excluding the unsafe state of things purely caused by human behavior, such as illegally stacked materials and pressure vessels welded without permission. The unsafe state of things is the root of the accident. If there is no unsafe state of things (that is, the intrinsic safety of things is realized), human behavior does not matter whether it is safe or unsafe. Therefore, safety work must first solve the unsafe state of things, mainly through safety science and technology and engineering technology. However, science and technology and engineering technology are limited and cannot solve all the problems. On the one hand, it may be the lack of scientific and technological development, on the other hand, it may be uneconomical. Because of this, it is very important to control and improve people's unsafe behavior. Controlling people's behavior generally adopts the method of management, that is, using the coercive means of management to restrain the individual behavior of the managed person and make it meet the needs of managers. Enterprise safety management should be based on safety science and technology and safety engineering technology, through the formulation of laws, norms, systems, procedures, etc. , restrain the unsafe behavior of all employees in the enterprise, and at the same time, let all employees learn safe behavior through publicity and education to ensure the realization of the goal of safe production.

With the development of social practice and production practice, although there are scientific and technological means and management means, it is still not enough to do a good job in safety production. Scientific and technological means can't achieve intrinsically safe production, so it needs to be supplemented by management means; Although the management method has a certain effect, the effectiveness of management depends largely on the supervision and feedback of the managed, especially the safety management. Managers' disregard or conflict with safety rules and regulations will inevitably be reflected in unsafe behaviors. However, unsafe behaviors may not necessarily lead to accidents, but may bring corresponding benefits or benefits, such as saving time and effort. This will further promote unsafe behavior and may "infect" colleagues. Unsafe behavior is an important cause of accidents, and a large number of unsafe behaviors will inevitably lead to accidents. In safety management, it is difficult, even impossible, to supervise every member of an enterprise to abide by rules, regulations and disciplines at all times, which will inevitably bring loopholes in safety management. The construction of safety culture can make up for the shortage of safety management means.

3 main measures to build enterprise safety culture

Since safety culture can make up for the deficiency of safety management, just as safety management can make up for the deficiency of safety technology. Therefore, safety culture should never be a castle in the air, but should be closely combined with the safety production practice of construction enterprises. To build a safety culture in enterprises, I think the following measures should be taken:

3. 1 Adhere to "people-oriented" and highlight safety culture.

In the final analysis, safety culture is the choice of employees' behavior (habits) and the unity of behavior results, and it is a subtle process. Grasping the essence of the problem, we can get rid of the complex definition of "culture" and get rid of it. The cultivation of this kind of good behavior habit is very important to bring up excellent behavior results. Enterprise safety culture can not be separated from employees' cognition, efforts and struggles. Enterprise safety culture can not only affirm the values of employees, but also change their values. Therefore, the construction of enterprise safety culture must adhere to the "people-oriented". Only by stimulating employees' spontaneous subjective initiative and turning safety production into conscious action can we achieve the goal of ensuring safety production.

3.2 Strengthen publicity and education to improve comprehensive knowledge and skills.

The soil of enterprise safety culture construction is employees, and the basic cultural literacy of employees, such as education level, knowledge level and business ability, is closely related to the development of safety culture work. Therefore, the publicity and education of enterprise safety culture should be combined with the basic education and other education of employees, and various means such as report meeting, training class, wall newspaper and competition should be used to achieve various forms and rich contents. At the same time, we can take advantage of festivals, year-end summary, "Safety Month" and other opportunities to carry out various cultural and sports activities beneficial to the construction of safety culture, and constantly render and strengthen the safety culture atmosphere of enterprises.

3.3 Improve the safety mechanism and raise safety awareness.

Establish a responsibility system with administrative posts at all levels as the first person responsible for safety; In order to establish an institutional system that adapts to modern safety management and treats both the symptoms and the root causes, and realize the norms of behavior, evidence-based assessment and rewards and punishments; Establish a network system in which the party and government working groups work together, departments are linked, and everyone supervises. The network system is vertical to the end and horizontal to the edge. First, strengthen the safety supervision mechanism; The second is to establish safety education, training and incentive mechanism; The third is to establish a security risk * * * commitment mechanism, and sign a "safety target responsibility letter" at all levels. The fourth is to improve the safety inspection and evaluation mechanism to achieve advanced control.

3.4 Improve safety technology and pay close attention to safety management.

The implementation of safety culture must be based on perfect safety technical measures and good safety management. It is unimaginable that an enterprise has bad production conditions, accidents everywhere, chaotic or even absent safety management, and unsafe behaviors everywhere. Only through the construction of safety culture can the unsafe production face be effectively changed. As an agricultural machinery development and production enterprise, our institute has continuously improved the processing technology and flow of products, processed in strict accordance with the process flow, increased production protection equipment, and eliminated unsafe hidden dangers from the source. Slogans and slogans such as "Safety first, prevention first", "Everyone is responsible for safety in production" and "Please fasten your seat belt when working at height" are hung everywhere. In addition, combined with its own technical characteristics, many personalized and humanized warning slogans have been extracted. Regularly check the safety of production workshops and construction sites, deal with hidden dangers of accidents in time, and nip accidents in the bud.

4 conclusion

The construction of safety culture is not an expedient measure, but a long-term and complex systematic project. People are the subject and purpose of safety culture. The process of safety culture construction is essentially the process of enhancing people's life value and work value. Therefore, the construction of safety culture should be the key project of enterprise construction.

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