1. Understand the characteristics of rebuttal papers and learn how to write.

2. Understand the deep meaning of important sentences.

3. Understand Mr. Lu Xun's sense of hardship and patriotism, carry forward the spirit of patriotism, enhance national democratic awareness, and enhance national self-confidence and pride.

Teaching focus:

1. Experience Lu Xun's sense of hardship and patriotism.

2. Understand the deep meaning of important sentences.

Teaching difficulties:

Learn the writing skills of articles.

Teaching time: two hours.

first kind

Teaching steps:

First, import:

2/kloc-The people of China in the 20th century should feel happy and proud, because our country is strong and our life is rich. However, what was China like over 70 years ago? What was the mental state of China people at that time? At that time, there was an ideological giant, a tenacious warrior, who saw all this with sharp eyes, raised his arms and shouted again and again, and charged again and again-he was Mr. Lu Xun. Today, let's study one of his essays, Have China People Lost Confidence, and see what new inspiration we can get from it.

This article is a refutation. This style generally points out the essence of the other party's mistakes first, or directly refutes (refutes the main points) or indirectly refutes (refutes arguments and arguments); Then, I put forward my own point of view in a tit-for-tat manner and demonstrated it. In a broad sense, this is another essay, short and pithy, with flexible writing. Lu Xun's essays have metaphors of "throwing a gun" and "dagger", which can also reflect the style of Lu Xun's essays.

This article is included in "Qiejie Pavilion Essays", which belongs to Lu Xun's later essays.

Second, the new awards:

1, expert words.

Wipe (chá) mystery (xuán) enlightenment (xǐng) uncertainty (mi ǐ o) fraud (kuāng)

2. What is the wrong view of the other party? Why does the author think it is wrong? What is the author's positive view? What is the basis of the author's opinion?

The wrong view of the other side is that "China people have lost confidence", because they believe in land, things and the League of Nations, and have never believed in themselves. Now asking God to worship Buddha is deceiving yourself. The author puts forward the positive view that "China has China people who have not lost confidence", because there are past and present facts to prove it.

3. The article repeatedly admits that "this is a fact", "this is also a fact" and "this is also a fact". What does it have to do with later criticism?

First confirm the truth of the enemy's argument, but this true argument can't prove his argument, which lays the foundation for the later refutation.

4. "If you lose your faith, you will be suspicious. If you turn around, you may only believe in yourself, but this is a new road. " What does the "road to new life" mean here?

The new road means believing in your own strength and calling on the people of the whole country to unite against Japan and save the country.

5. How does this article refute this argument?

(1) boasting of "vast territory and abundant resources" means believing in "land" and "things" instead of "confidence".

(2) I hope that the League of Nations is "convinced" rather than "confident".

(3) It is "self-deception" to pray to God and worship Buddha.

These refutations prove that what is lost is not "confidence", but "trust", and "self-deception" is developing. Explaining the enemy's argument can't prove it. This is the breakthrough of refutation. "

Three. abstract

Fourth, homework:

Read the text by yourself after class.

Second lesson

First, review and consolidate.

Second, the new awards:

Continue to analyze the text

1. How does the author prove the positive argument?

The author details that from ancient times to the present, there are people who have worked hard, people who have worked hard, people who have pleaded for the people, and people who have sacrificed their lives for the law ... As factual arguments, it proves that they are all China people who have not lost confidence.

2. Who is the "backbone of China"? Why can't their sacrifice be known to everyone? Why did the author praise them "this is the backbone of China"?

"China's backbone" refers to people who struggle for national progress in a down-to-earth manner. They are the "backbone" that makes China stand upright. They often come from the lower classes or represent the interests of the public.

Due to the long-term autocratic slavery in China, many social changes in modern times lacked publicity for the general public. Therefore, most pioneers who sacrificed for freedom and dignity showed a "bystander" mentality.

This is a metaphor. These China people who have not lost heart are the mainstream of China and the hope of China.

Who does the author mean by "this kind of person"?

Refers to those who persist in the war of resistance and national liberation.

4. What do you mean by "prime minister" and "underground"?

"Prime Minister" refers to the imperial literati of the ruling class. "Underground" refers to the positive force to change society, because it comes from the people, so it is called "underground". At that time, this force refers to the China * * * production party.

5. What are the functions of "faith" and "self-deception" in quoted words?

Play an ironic and negative role.

6. What was the significance of "Chinese backbone" at that time?

At that time, the Kuomintang spread pessimistic views everywhere, and the general public could not see the light, because the "backbone of China" was always destroyed and obliterated. Lu Xun's repeated praise of "the backbone of China" can stimulate the fighting spirit of China people and enhance the self-confidence of China people.

Third, the class summary:

Through the study of this lesson, we learned the writing method of refuting the thesis and understood Lu Xun's exposition on "China people's self-confidence". "China Backbone" greatly inspired the morale of Chinese people at that time, and it still has strong practical significance today. At the same time, the application of language skills and satire in Lu Xun's essays greatly enhances the expressive effect of the articles.

Fourth, homework:

1. Finish Exercise 2 after class.

2, preview "outwit the outline of birth"