The theme is the center and general outline of scientific papers.
Requirements are accurate and appropriate, concise, eye-catching and standardized, and easy to retrieve. The title of the paper should not exceed 20 words. Song dynasty used No.3, centered.
Second, signature.
Signature means that the author declares that he has the right to write a paper and is willing to take responsibility for it, so as to facilitate readers to contact the author.
Including the work unit and contact information. The work unit should write the full name, including the name and postal code of the city where it is located. Sometimes, for literature analysis, the author is required to provide information such as job title, telephone number, mailing address (specific to the region) and e-mail.
Three. abstract
It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments and annotations, and it is a high summary of the content of the article. The main contents include:
1) The content, purpose and importance of this research work.
2) Experimental methods used.
3) Summarize the research results and highlight the author's new viewpoints.
4) Research conclusion and its significance.
The Chinese abstract should be less than 300 words, and words such as this article and this experiment should be avoided.
Fourth, key words
Keywords are words, phrases or terms extracted from papers to meet the needs of document indexing or retrieval, which represent the information items of the full text theme. Generally, 3 ~ 6 keywords will be listed.
The content is in small 4 bold, generally no more than 8 words, and semicolons are used between words. Separate.
Introduction of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
Introduction, also known as preface, introduction, preface and introduction, is the preface of a scientific paper, which leads to the article, so it is written before the text. Introduction is also called introduction and introduction.
Writing requirements
1) The introduction should be concise, the content should not be lengthy, and the text should not be lengthy, so as to attract readers. The introduction of academic papers depends on the size and content of the papers, generally 200-600 words, the short one is no more than 100 words, and the long one is about 1000 words.
2) The essay doesn't need a separate "introduction" part, just add a short paragraph before the main body of the paper to play the role of introduction.
3) The introduction should not be the same as the abstract, and should not be written as a note of the abstract. Some knowledge in general textbooks need not be described in the introduction.
4) In order to show that the author has a solid theoretical foundation and systematic professional knowledge, and has a broad scientific research vision, the paper fully demonstrates the research scheme. Therefore, if there is a historical review, a comprehensive review of predecessors' work and theoretical analysis, the introduction can be written in a separate chapter and described in detail with enough words.
5) The purpose of introduction should be to provide readers with enough background knowledge and not give them suspense. In the introduction, the author doesn't have to be too modest about his research work or his own ability, but he can't brag, raise himself and belittle others.
Intransitive verb text
Text is the main body of scientific papers and the core part of proving arguments and expressing scientific research results. Justice accounts for the main length of the paper, which can include the following parts or contents: the object of investigation, basic principles, experimental and observation methods, instruments and equipment, and raw materials. Experimental and observation results, calculation methods and programming principles, data, processed charts, formed arguments and conclusions, etc.
The text can be divided into several paragraphs, and the title of each paragraph has no fixed format, but it can be divided into the following parts (taking the experimental research report paper as an example).
1) theoretical analysis.
2) experimental materials and methods
3) Experimental results and analysis.
4) Discussion on the results
The specific requirements are as follows:
1 The argument is clear, sufficient and reasonable;
(2) accurate facts, data, calculation and language;
3. Rich in content and concise in words, avoiding repetition and triviality;
Clear and logical, and the expression form is suitable for the content;
5. Do not divulge secrets, and carry out technical treatment on information that needs to be kept confidential.
Specific format requirements:
1) The text is unified with No.5 Song Style, with two spaces at the beginning of each paragraph, top space at the back line and multiple line spacing, and the setting value is1.5;
2) Title of the text:
First-class title: the title serial number is "I", which is bold in the small fourth song style, with exclusive lines and no punctuation at the end;
Second-level title: the title serial number is "(1)", which is bold with No.5 Song style, with exclusive lines and no punctuation at the end;
Third-level title: the title serial number is "1", which is bold with No.5. If the line is exclusive, there is no punctuation at the end. If it is not exclusive, a period must be added after the title;
Four-level title: the title serial number is "(1)", and the No.5 is in Song Dynasty. Other requirements are the same as those of the three-level title;
Five-level title: the title serial number is "①", which is the No.5 style, and other requirements are the same as those of the third-level title.
Note: The titles at the next level of each level should be numbered consecutively.
Seven. conclusion
Scientific papers usually have conclusions at the back of the text.
Conclusion is the logical development of experiments, observation results and theoretical analysis, and the understanding of the nature and laws of things obtained by judging, reasoning and summarizing the data and results obtained from experiments and observations, which is the general argument of the whole paper. The contents of the conclusion mainly include: what problems are explained by the research results, what laws are drawn, and what practical or theoretical problems are solved; What supplements, modifications and confirmations have been made to the previous research results, and what innovations have been made; What problems remain to be solved in the field studied in this paper, and the basic ideas and keys to solve these problems.
The requirements of writing are:
1) should be accurate, complete, clear and concise. The conclusion should be realistic and well-founded, the language should be firm, the data should be accurate and reliable, and it should not be vague or ambiguous.
2) When judging and reasoning, you can't leave the experiment and observation results, and don't make unfounded or illogical reasoning and conclusions.
3) The conclusion is not the reappearance of the experimental and observation results, nor the simple repetition of the summary of each paragraph in the paper.
4) The evaluation of the results should be fair and proper, and should not be complacent. When the evidence is insufficient, don't rashly deny or criticize other people's conclusions, let alone use excuses to belittle others.
5) Be very careful when writing conclusions. If the research is innovative but not enough to draw a conclusion, you would rather not write it or jump to conclusions, and you can have some discussions based on the experimental and observation results.
Eight. refer to
In scientific papers, all opinions, data and materials quoted from previously published documents (including the author's own past) should be marked where they appear in the paper, and a list of references should be listed at the end (after the thank-you paragraph).
principle
1 Only the most needed and latest documents are recorded.
Usually, only published documents are recorded.
3 adopt standardized recording format.
Format requirement
The types of references (i.e. citations) are identified by a single letter: M- monograph, C- thesis, N- newspaper article, J- journal article, D- dissertation, R- report, S- standard, P- patent; For files that do not belong to the above types, use the letter "z" to identify them.
All references are placed at the end of the article. Its format is:
(1) specializes in
Example [1] Zhang Zhijian. Research on Yan Fu's Thought [M]. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press, 1989. (49).
[2] Alice. Sexual psychology [M]. Pan Guangdan translation. Beijing: Commercial Press, 1997.
(2) Prose
Example [1] Wu Yifu. Selected western literary theories [C]. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1979.
[2][ Russian] belinsky. On Russian novellas and Nikolai Gogol Jun's novellas [A]. Wu Yifu. Selected Works of Western Literary Theories: Volume II [C]. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1979.
Where the page number is quoted, put parentheses after the serial number in the text.
(3) newspaper articles
Example [1] Li Dalun. The importance of economic globalization [N]. Guangming Daily, 1998- 12-27, (3)
(4) Journal articles
Example [1] Guo Yingde. On the view of literary history in Yuan and Ming Dynasties [J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Science Edition), 1995(3).
(5) Dissertation
Example [1] Liu Wei. Theoretical and Empirical Research on Different Visual Recognition Methods of Chinese Characters [D]. Beijing: Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, 1998.
(6) Report
Example [1] Bai Xiushui, Liu Gan, Ren Baoping. Xi Research on the Cultivation and Development of Finance, Talents and Technology Market [R].Xi 'an: Northwest Economic Development Research Center of Shaanxi Normal University, 1998.
The format of the main references is as follows (in which spaces and punctuation marks are copied)
1 serial author. Title [J] Publication name, year, volume (issue): starting page number-ending page number.
2. Author of monograph (or translation). Title [M]. Translation. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
3. Author, title [A], editing and anthology [C]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
Author of the paper. Title [D] City: storage unit, year.
Patent document applicant. Patent name [P]. Country name and patent number, release date.
6 technical standard technical standard code. Name of technical standard.
Author of technical report. Title [R]. Report code and number, place name: responsible unit, year.
8 newspaper article author. Title. Name and publication date (edition) of the newspaper.
9. Author of online literature (electronic bulletin). Title [EB/OL]. Http://…, date.
10 CD-ROM literature (database) author. Title [Database/CD]. Place of publication: publisher, date of publication.
1 1 other authors. Title [Z]. Place of publication: publisher, date of publication.
Requirements:
The name of "reference" is bold in small No.4 bold, and two lines are arranged in the top box behind the text or appendix; The top box of the other line of the reference is arranged in imitation of Song Dynasty No.5, and the serial numbers are arranged in the form of "[1], [2] ...", and the annotation order when citing works and articles is the same as the annotation order.
(This answer comes from the Academic Hall)