(1) Zi Hou: written by Liu Zongyuan. As an epitaph, it should be called the official title of the deceased, because Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan are close friends, so it is called Zi. Taboo: name. The living are named, and the dead are taboo.
(2) VII: Liu Zongyuan, the minister of history books, and Liu Qing, the seventh ancestor, worked in the Northern Wei Dynasty and was a public official in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Son Liu Dan, assistant minister of Ren Zhongshu in Northern Zhou Dynasty, was named Yin Gong. Han Yu recorded it incorrectly. Attendant: The governor under the door is responsible for conveying the emperor's orders. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, ministers were the same as prime ministers. Tuoba Wei: The monarch of the Northern Wei Dynasty was named Tuoba (later renamed Yuan), so he was called Tuoba.
(3) Zeng Bozu (teacher): Zi, grandson of Liu Dan, brother of Liu Zongyuan's great-grandfather Xia. For Gao Bozu, this is Zeng Bozu's mistake. During the Zhenguan period (627-649), Liu Shi was a calligrapher in China. Because his niece Wang is the princess of the Crown Prince, she was promoted to assistant minister of the Ministry of War. After the king proclaimed himself emperor, he was promoted to assistant minister of Zhongshu. In 652 (the third year of Yonghui), Chu Suiliang was appointed secretary of the secretariat, equivalent to the prime minister. Later, Emperor Gaozong wanted to abolish Wu Zetian as the queen, and Emperor Hanyuan and Chu Suiliang worked hard for it. Wu Zetian falsely claimed that Liu wanted to rebel with Han and Chu and was killed.
(4) Chu () Sui Liang: Good word, once an official in the official department, a scholar with books, and a servant of official power. On his deathbed, Emperor Taizong ordered him to assist Emperor Gaozong together with Sun Chang Wuji. Later, he was demoted and died of illness for discouraging Emperor Gaozong from changing to Wuhou. Yu 'an: Apollo, an official to a servant, was also demoted to save Chu Suiliang.
(5) Imperial Examination: honorific title for dead father.
(6) Dr. Taichang: the official in charge of ancestral temple etiquette in Taichang Temple. When Jin Ryu was in Tang Suzong, Zuo Wei led government soldiers to join the army and assisted Guo Ziyi in defending the north. Later, he was transferred to Chang 'an as the main thin, and his mother mourned after her death. Later, he was named Dr. Taichang. Respecting the old and caring for the young, lonely and weak, Wu was willing to be the county magistrate who claimed to be (now Anhui) after being politely declined. It may be the author's fault to say that "Dr. Tai Chang was abandoned by his mother". (7) dignitaries: this refers to the sinus god. Jin Ryu once moved to the palace to assist imperial advisers. Because he refused to frame Muzan, an imperial minister and prime minister, and rehabilitated Muzan's unjust imprisonment, he offended Dou Shen, who framed him for other things and demoted him.
(8) Death of dignitaries as their agents: Dou Shen was later demoted for committing crimes and was executed by Tang Dezong the following year.
(9) Shi: an official of Yushitai, who is responsible for picketing bailiffs and interrogating cases.
(10) is honest and straightforward: Guo Ziyi once told Jin Ryu that he would join the army and work as a clerk in Jinzhou. Jinzhou was arrogant and fierce, and officials dared not argue with him. Jin Ryu had to fight with him, so he said so.
(1 1) Liu Zongyuan, a contemporary celebrity, recorded that his father had 67 friends and wrote them in the shadow of a tombstone. He also said: "Where ancestors lived and made friends, all the good people in the world gathered together."
(12) When father was arrested: when father was alive. When Liu Zongyuan was a child, his father Jin Ryu went to Jiangnan, and he and his mother stayed in Chang 'an. At the age of twelve or thirteen, Jin Ryu followed his father to Hubei and Jiangxi to become an official. Jin Ryu died in 793 (the ninth year of Zhenyuan), and Liu Zongyuan was twenty-one years old. Catch, then, arrive.
(13) As an adult, Liu Zongyuan wrote "Watch for Cui Zhongcheng and He Huaiguang" at the age of thirteen, and Liu Yuxi prefaced the collection, saying: "Zi Hou was a teenager, and Zhen Yuan had a strange name at the beginning."
(14) Take Ginseno. : In 793 (the ninth year of Zhenyuan), Liu Zongyuan entered the Jinshi period, 2 1 year old.
(15) Brilliance: sublime and outstanding. See (xiàn): same as "now".
(16) Youzi: It means that you have a son of Guangyao Meimen.
(17) learned macro words: Liu Zongyuan learned macro words at the age of 24 in 796 (the twelfth year of Zhenyuan). In the Tang Dynasty, both Jinshi and those who entered the imperial examination could be selected on the basis of erudition and macro-speech, and they were awarded official positions after winning. Jixiantang: Jixiantang Academy, publishing and compiling classics, looking for lost books. Orthography: Jixian Hall has a bachelor's degree and an orthography officer, who is responsible for editing and proofreading ancient books and publishing orthography. At the age of twenty-six, Liu Zongyuan granted Jixiantang orthography.
(18) Lian Han: Founder, incorruptible and determined. (19) ancient and modern evidence: citing ancient and modern examples to testify. (20) Access: Learn from each other's strengths and be easy to understand.
(2 1) Qu (chuō not) Li Fengfa: Speak freely, practice writing hard, and be knowledgeable. Dragon, far plum, high.
(22) rate: often. Bend: Make it yield.
(23) Take him as a disciple: It means that everyone wants him to be his protege in order to gain glory. (24) Intersection: Chorus. (25) Lantian: This belongs to Shaanxi. Wei: the official in charge of public security and catching thieves in the county government. Supervision of censor: a subordinate of censor station, responsible for supervising officials, inspecting counties, correcting prisons and cleaning up courtiers' affairs.
(26) Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Rites: official name, responsible for determining and formulating the ritual system and the law of school tribute. Liu Zongyuan was recommended by Wang He and Wei Zhiyi.
(27) user: the person in power refers to the king. When he was a prince, Wang served as the crown prince. After Shunzong ascended the throne, Wang served as assistant minister of the Ministry and won Shunzong's trust. So he cited new progress and implemented reforms. The buffer zone of the old clan and eunuchs established their son, Chun Li, as Xianzong, relegated the king and later killed him. At the same time, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Sima, with the name "Eight Sima". (28) example: issued according to regulations. In 805 (Yong Zhenyuan), Liu Zongyuan was demoted to the secretariat of Shaozhou (now Shaoyang, Hunan). (29) Demotion: Demote officials according to the Regulations. Yongzhou: Lingling County, Hunan Province today. Sima: Originally a deputy in charge of military affairs under the state secretariat, he became redundant in the Tang Dynasty.
(30) Leisure: refers to business leisure. (3 1) Reciting: Reciting and reading. This is a metaphor for studying hard.
(32) Overflow: Wang Yang writes at will. Stop storage: the style of writing is strong and concise.
(33) Infinite (s √): Infinite. You and you are by the water. (34) 4: Love.
(35) At the beginning: 8 15 (Yuan and ten years), Liu Zongyuan and other "Eight Sima" were recalled to Chang 'an at the same time, but they were also moved to further places.
(36) Liuzhou: Tang Zhi belongs to Lingnan Road, which is now Liuzhou City, Guangxi.
(37) Isn't political evil enough? Liuzhou can make achievements even if it is remote. Yes, it means Liuzhou.
(38) Cause: follow, follow. Local customs: local customs. (39) Teaching ban: teaching orders and bans.
(40) Shun Lai: obedience and trust. (4 1) pledge: pawn and mortgage. (42) Irregular redemption: failure to redeem on time. (43) Sub-fund, namely interest. Ben: Principal. Xiang Yu (móu): Equality. (44) No: Confiscation. (45) Plan with the debtor: find a way for the debtor. (46) Note: All.
(47) book: write it down. Servant: As an employee. This refers to the value of employees' labor, that is, wages.
(48) Sufficient: refers to the value of the helper is enough to offset the loan principal and interest. Quality: hostages.
(49) Observer: Also known as observer, it is an official sent by the central government to the local government to be responsible for supervision. Next method: implement the method of redeeming hostages.
(50) than (b √): and, wait until. (5 1) Hengxiang: Hengshan and Xiangshui, generally referring to Lingnan area. Pro: Take the exam. (52) Regulations: specifications.
(53) Zhongshan: Dingxian County, Hebei Province today. Liu Mengde: Yuxi native, born in Pengcheng (now Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province), with Zhongshan as the county. Liu Sheng, the son of Han Jing, was once the king of Zhongshan. After Wang's defeat, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima Langzhou, this time he was recalled to Beijing, and then demoted to Bozhou Secretariat.
(back to the 54th) Yi: Go. Bozhou: Suiyang County, Guizhou Province today. (55) In the classroom: Mom is alive.
(56) Poverty: embarrassment.
(57) Adults: parents. This refers to Liu Yuxi's mother. It is difficult to tell my mother about this unfortunate situation.
(58) worship (shù): to the emperor.
(59) Sowing with Liu Yi: Liu Zongyuan volunteered to go to Bozhou and let Liu Yuxi go to Liuzhou.
(60) Felony: add a felony.
(6 1) "Encounter" sentence: Cheng Peidu and Cui Qun were ignored as Liu Yuxi in the proposal at that time.
Sting: Used as a verb. Lianzhou: Tang belongs to Lingnan Road, and the state belongs to Lianxian County in Guangdong Province today.
(63) signs: coming soon, one by one: let it go. Requisition, frequent exchanges.
(x incarnation):) Xu Xu (64) exaggerates and flatters. Qiǐng(qiǐng): Reluctant, melodramatic, detached: refers to taking a modest attitude.
(65) Show lung and liver: By analogy, make a sincere and frank appearance.
(66) forbearance: betrayal and change of heart. (67) Rufabi: a metaphor for the subtlety of things. Than, similar.
It is a disaster to fall into the trap of jǐng. (69) Less: a little.
(70) Being a man: helping others. It is considered that Liu Zongyuan's joining the Wang Group is politically imprudent. So let's say "not expensive" below.
Ji Gu: Gu Xi. (72) Immediate: Immediate success.
(73) Sit: Be implicated because others are convicted. Abandon: refers to a remote place that is not used by the court.
(74) Strength: People with power and strength. Push and pull: recommendation and promotion. (75) Poor people: poor and remote places. (76) Taiwan Province Province: Yushitai and Shangshu provinces. (77) Self-reliance: self-effort.
(78) At present, among the demoted Eight Sima, only Cheng Yi was later recommended by Li Xun and became prime minister, but he died soon without any achievements. The process of secret borrowing is different here.
(79) Yuanhe: Tang Xianzong year number (806-820). Fourteen years, which is 8 19 years. November 8th: Write "October 5th".
(800) Ten thousand years: in the northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. Yuan Qifeng, Wannian County. See Liu Zongyuan's "Attend the Imperial House Shinto Table First".
(8 1) qi zhou: that is, the use of words is beneficial, Liu Zongyuan's posthumous child.
Hedong: Yongji County, Shanxi Province. Pei: A native of Jishan, Jiangzhou (now Jishan County, Shaanxi Province), he was then the Laureate Observer and the boss of Liu Zongyuan.
Section (83) Summary: the measurement of moral integrity. Reaffirm your promise: cherish your promise.
(85) Do your best: Do your best. (86) Lu Zun: son of uncle Liu Zongyuan.
(87) Zhuo (zhuó): Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province today. (88) thus home: follow Liu Zongyuan as home.
Ji Shu: Almost, almost. (90) only: that is. Room: the secluded room, that is, the tomb.
(9 1) Heirs: descendants. [ 1]
Translation of works
Zi Hou's name is Zongyuan. Liu Qing, the seventh ancestor, worked as a servant in the Northern Wei Dynasty and was made Duke of Yin Ji. Gao Bozu Liu, a former prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, offended Wu Zetian with Chu Suiliang and Han Yuan, and was executed during the years. Father's name is Jin Ryu. In order to serve his mother, he gave up his position as a doctor in Taichang and asked to be a county magistrate in Jiangnan. Later, because he refused to flatter the powerful, he lost his empire. It was not until the powerful man died that he was appointed as a consultant. People say that he is resolute and upright, and he associates with celebrities at that time.
Zi Hou was very clever when he was a teenager, and there was nothing he didn't understand. When his father was still alive, although he was very young, he was already outstanding, and he was able to pass the Jinshi branch, which shows his outstanding talent. Everyone says that the Liu family has a good son. Later, he passed the exam of erudite macro characters and was awarded the orthography of Jixian Hall. He is outstanding in intelligence, incorruptible and resolute. When commenting, he can cite ancient and modern cases as the basis. He is proficient in classics, a hundred schools of thought contend, and Kan Kan talks about it, which often makes the house gasp in admiration. Therefore, his reputation was sensational, and people admired him for a while and hoped to associate with him. Those officials and dignitaries rushed to accept him as their protege and unanimously recommended and praised him.
In the 19th year of Zhenyuan, Zi Hou was transferred from Lantian county commandant to supervise the censor. Shunzong acceded to the throne and was promoted to the history of the Ministry of rites. Whenever the person in power was found guilty, he was also demoted to the secretariat of the capital, but before he took office, he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima. In a leisure place, I study harder and concentrate on reading and writing poems. My writing style is Wang Yang's wanton, rich and concise, as deep and broad as boundless sea water. And he himself is addicted to mountains and rivers.
During the Yuanhe period, Zeng was recalled to Beijing with his co-defendants, and was sent to be a secretariat together, and his son was assigned to Liuzhou. After taking office, he lamented: "Isn't it worth making achievements here?" So according to the local customs, he made a religious decree and ban for Liuzhou, and the people of the whole state obeyed and trusted him. Locals are used to borrowing money from people with their children as collateral, and it is agreed that if they cannot be redeemed on time, when the interest equals the principal, the creditors will confiscate the hostages and let them be handmaiden. To this end, Zihou tried his best to get the borrower to redeem his children. Especially poor and unable to redeem, let the creditor write down the salary of the child as a servant, and let the creditor return the mortgaged hostage when the due salary is enough to pay off the debt. Observation has extended this law to other counties, and nearly a thousand people have been exempted from handmaiden status and returned home one year later. Those who want to take the Jinshi exam in the south of Hengshan and Xiangshui all regard Zi Hou as a teacher, and all the articles written by people who Zi Hou has personally taught and guided can be seen to be in line with the norms.
When the recalled Jingshi was sent to be a secretariat again, Liu Mengde, a Zhongshan native, was also sent to Bozhou. Zi Hou said with tears: "Bozhou is not a place where ordinary people can live." Besides, I can't bear to see my dream in an embarrassing situation. He can't tell his mother about it. " Besides, there is absolutely no reason for mother and son to be together. "I request the court and prepare to submit a paper. I am willing to trade Liuzhou for a broadcasting state, saying that even if I am convicted again, I will have no regrets. It happened that someone told the emperor the dream, and it changed to Lianzhou secretariat. Oh! Only when a scholar is poor can he see his integrity and loyalty! Nowadays, some people in the neighborhood admire and please each other. Some people frequently eat, drink, brag and force a smile, expressing their willingness to live under each other, shaking hands and showing each other the shape of their liver and lungs, pointing to the sun and crying, vowing not to abandon their friends regardless of life and death, which is as credible as truth. Once you encounter a small conflict of interest, as small as a hair, you will turn your face and deny people. When a friend falls into a trap, he won't reach out to save him. Instead, he will take the opportunity to push him and throw stones down. There are such people everywhere! This should be something that even those animals and savages can't bear to do, but those people think they have a way. When they hear Zi Hou's noble morality, they should feel a little ashamed!
When Zi Hou was young, he was brave and helped others. He didn't value and cherish himself, and thought that fame and fortune could be achieved overnight, so he was implicated and despised. After relegation, he died in a remote place without the recommendation and introduction of people who were familiar with him and had power and status. His talents could not be used by the world, and his ambitions could not be displayed at that time. If Zi Hou had been an official in Yushitai and Shangshu Province, he could have restrained himself as carefully as in Sima Shi and Secretariat, and naturally he would not have been demoted. After being demoted, if someone can recommend it, they will be re-appointed, not bad. However, if Zi Hou has not been reprimanded for a long time and the poverty situation has not reached the extreme, although he can get ahead in the officialdom, his literary poems will not be so underground that they will be handed down to future generations as they are today. There is no doubt about it. Even if Zi Hou's wish is realized, once the rank is equal, what is the gain and loss of trading that for this? Someone must recognize it.
Zi Hou died at the age of 47 on the eighth day of November in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe. /kloc-July 0/5 10 was buried next to the ancestral cemetery in wannian county. Zi Hou has two sons: the eldest son is Saturday, only four years old; The youngest is qi zhou, born after Zi Hou's death. Two daughters, both very young. His coffin can be buried in his hometown, and all the expenses will be paid by Mr. Pei Li Xing, a native of Hedong. Mr Li Hang is an honest man. He is Zi Hou's friend, and Zi Hou is devoted to him. Finally, he handles affairs by himself. It was his cousin Lu Zun who buried Zi Hou in Wannian County Cemetery. Lu Zun, a native of Zhuozhou, is cautious and never satisfied with his studies. Since Zi Hou was denounced, Lu Zun followed him and lived with his family until his death. It can be said that he is a man who has finished what he started. Since he sent his son to be buried, he is ready to arrange his family.
The inscription says: "This is a secluded room with thick son, which is firm and comfortable, and will certainly benefit children and grandchildren." [ 1]
works appreciation
This article was written by Han Yu when he was a secretariat in Yuanzhou in 820 (the fifteenth year of Yuanhe). Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were the corresponding leaders in the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. I have a deep personal relationship and a deep friendship. Liu Zongyuan died in August19 (the 14th year of Yuanhe), and Han Yu wrote many words of mourning and commemoration, which is one of the more representative ones. Han Yu was filled with tears of sympathy for his long exile. However, Liu Zongyuan's early participation in Wang Group's attempt to reform was extremely taboo, and his wording was vague, which showed the author's conservative thought. Han Yu affirmed Liu Zongyuan's outstanding achievements in literature and revealed Liu Wen's cynicism and its practical significance. The full text is written heartily, frustrated and depressed, which is the result of Han Yu's true feelings.
Epitaph is an ancient style. There are carved stones in or near the tomb to commemorate the dead, so that future generations can pay close attention to them. Articles are usually divided into two parts. The first part is the preface, which describes the surname, title, lineage and life story of the deceased. The second half is a rhyming inscription, expressing mourning and praise for the dead. The inscription on this epitaph is extremely short, which is a deformity. [ 1]
Epitaph of Liu Zihou is an essay by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Zihou is Liu Zongyuan in the title. This paper summarizes Liu Zongyuan's family background, life, friends and articles, and focuses on his political achievements and literary style in managing Liuzhou. Han Yu praised Liu Zongyuan's political talent, the virtue of being brave, the spirit of being anxious for friends and the spirit of hard work and self-motivation.