2. Analgesia: Strong alkali has a strong corrosive effect on tissues, and severe pain can cause shock. Morphine or dolantin should be used to relieve pain. At the same time, closely observe whether there are gastric perforation and esophageal perforation, so as not to delay the illness. If abdominal pain suddenly intensifies, abdominal pain and blood pressure drop, emergency surgery should be performed.
3. Eating strong alkali can cause nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, bloody stool, local tissue congestion, edema, erosion, ulcer and a lot of exudates, which can easily lead to dehydration, electrolyte disorder, shock and secondary infection. When the body absorbs too much alkali, which exceeds its regulatory function, it may cause alkalosis. Sufficient fluids, including colloid fluid, crystal fluid and water, should be replenished from the vein, and blood should be drawn in time to detect potassium, sodium, chlorine, creatinine and urea nitrogen. Adjust fluid intake, correct hypovolemic shock, maintain water, electrolyte, acid-base balance, accelerate the discharge of poisons, and supply sufficient calories, nutrients and vitamins. At the same time, antibiotics are added to prevent and control infection.
4. Skin treatment: In first aid, clothes soaked in lye should be taken off first, and neutralizer should be avoided before washing with running water to avoid neutralizing heat and aggravating burns. Then rinse with plenty of flowing water for 20 ~ 30 minutes. After washing with clear water, it can be wet-packed with 3% boric acid solution or 2% acetic acid solution. If there is a burn, treat it according to the principle of burn.
5. When strong alkali oil enters the eyes, it may cause photophobia, tears, blurred vision and foreign body sensation, and in severe cases, it may cause corneal damage and blindness. Emergency treatment is to rinse with clear water or physiological saline for more than 30 minutes, then rinse with 2 ~ 3% boric acid solution, then drop 0.5% dicaine, then drop vitamin C eye drops or ask an ophthalmologist for treatment. Corneal lesions in the late stage of corneal injury are permanent and can be transplanted.
6. About 95% of the survivors who ate strong alkali had persistent esophageal stenosis. In order to prevent esophageal stenosis, esophageal dilatation can be performed within 2-3 days after the critical period of perforation. If the patient has difficulty swallowing early, he can swallow a rubber tube and keep it to prevent the esophagus from being completely blocked. At the same time, hormone therapy can be combined with antibiotics to prevent the formation of scar tissue. Because hormones have the risk of promoting perforation, esophageal dilatation can be performed while using hormones.
7. Oral care: Because strong alkali and strong acid are more corrosive, oral care for people who take poisoning by mistake is more important. Because of the rupture of oral mucosa, bleeding and severe pain, the nursing action should be gentle. First, let the patient rinse his mouth repeatedly with clear water, and then rinse his mouth with 2% boric acid water. If there is too much dirt in his mouth, 1.5% hydrogen peroxide can be used to remove it, and 1 can be used in severe pain.