(1) Source and explanation of knowledge point definition:
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an important inorganic acid, which consists of sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen. The principle of sulfuric acid formation can be summarized into two main steps: sulfur oxidation and sulfuric acid formation.
First, in the presence of oxygen, sulfur can undergo an oxidation reaction and become sulfur dioxide (SO2).
Sulfur+oxygen → sulfur dioxide
Next, sulfur dioxide will react with water (H2O) to generate sulfuric acid and release a lot of heat. This reaction is called the hydration reaction of sulfuric acid.
SO2 + H2O → H2SO4
In this way, sulfuric acid is generated by oxidation of sulfur and reaction with water.
② Application of knowledge points:
Sulfuric acid is a widely used chemical, which is used in various processes in industry and laboratory. It is an important catalyst and reactant for many chemical reactions. The strong acid nature of sulfuric acid makes it play an important role in many chemical, technical and laboratory operations.
(3) Examples of knowledge points:
For example, suppose we have 10g sulfur powder and want to know the theoretical output of sulfuric acid generated by the above reaction.
Firstly, the mass (m) of sulfur is converted into the number of moles (n):
n(S) = m(S) / M(S)
M(S) is the molar mass of sulfur, which is about 32.06 g/mol.
Then according to the chemical equation, we can know the molar ratio of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to sulfur (S) 1: 1. Therefore, the mole number of sulfur (n(S)) is also equal to the mole number of sulfuric acid (n(H2SO4)).
Finally, the theoretical output of sulfuric acid (m(H2SO4)) can be calculated as:
M (sulfuric acid) = n (sulfuric acid) × M (sulfuric acid)
Where M(H2SO4) is the molar mass of sulfuric acid, which is about 98.09 g/mol.
The theoretical output of sulfuric acid can be calculated.
④ Extended reading:
If you are interested in the formation principle of sulfuric acid, you can continue to study sulfur, oxidation and hydration. Understanding the oxidation reaction mechanism of sulfur, the hydration reaction principle of sulfuric acid and related practical application cases will help to further expand the understanding of sulfuric acid formation.
Suggested reading resources include chemistry textbooks, academic papers and related online materials. These resources provide detailed information about the nature of sulfur, oxidation reaction and acid formation mechanism, as well as the wide application of sulfuric acid in chemical industry and other fields.