More than 20 years ago, a reportage "Goldbach Conjecture", which caused a sensation in China, made a mathematical wizard a household name overnight. This man's deeds even promoted the early arrival of a great era of respecting science, knowledge and talents to a certain extent. His name is Chen Jingrun.
Not talkative, he used to be an "ugly duckling". Usually, a person who is born deaf will have a particularly keen eye, a person who is born blind will have a very keen hearing, and an "ugly duckling" who has been neglected and unpopular since childhood will often meditate involuntarily or in all kinds of helplessness, explore things, learn from things, and find a suitable position in the world to develop his potential. You can say that this is forced out, but such "forced" will often "force" many great people. Like Chen Jingrun in childhood. Chen Jingrun was born in 1933, the family of a post office clerk. He just turned 4 when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression started. Soon, the wolf smoke of the Japanese invaders burned to his hometown of Fujian, and the whole family fled into the mountains, and the children entered the mountain school. Fathers are too busy making a living to take care of their children's education; My mother is an old housewife and has worked hard all her life. She had 65,438+02 children, but only six survived. Chen Jingrun is the third, with brothers and sisters, and younger brothers and sisters. There is an old saying in China that "the little boy in the middle has a flat head". He is thin and weak. It is conceivable that he is dissatisfied with his parents and is not good for his brothers and sisters. At school, he is no better, because he is silent and doesn't like to talk. Unpopular, bullied, and often beaten and scolded for no reason. It happened that he was stubborn by nature and never begged for forgiveness in order to improve his situation. Unconsciously, he formed a self-enclosed introverted personality. People always need to communicate, especially children. A gifted child may become a clumsy person in the face of this dilemma, but Chen Jingrun didn't. His natural passion for numbers and symbols made him forget the hardships and troubles of life and concentrate on the pagoda of knowledge. He wants to find a breakthrough and find happiness in life there. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is to create a space for each student to fully develop according to their own characteristics through certain educational and teaching methods and means.
Chen Jingrun Jr. teaches students in accordance with their aptitude.
Fortunately, this pupil has met a professor all his life, but he is still a child. In addition to burying your head in reading, you need face-to-face and hands-on guidance. After all, what can bring the greatest, most direct and vivid inspiration and joy to children is the kind of communication and contact between people, which can make people's hearts glow with brilliant sparks. Fortunately, when the family returned to Fuzhou, Chen Jingrun met Shen Yuan, a famous teacher who claimed to be a lifelong beneficiary.
Shen Yuan is a famous aerodynamicist, an aviation engineering educator and a leading figure in China's aviation industry. He graduated from the University of London, Imperial College London, and was the head of the aviation department in Tsinghua University. He went back to Fuzhou from 1948 to take care of his family. During the war, he had to stay in his alma mater Huaying Middle School to teach temporarily, and Chen Jingrun was the student in his class.
Professors in famous universities have their own unique skills in teaching young children. According to the age and psychological characteristics of the teaching object, Shen Yuan often introduces the explanation of the topic in a simple way by telling stories, which can easily lure those young children into the superb scientific world and arouse their great enthusiasm for science and learning. For example, on this day, Professor Shen Yuan told the students a story about Goldbach's conjecture with great interest.
The "pearl" left by the teacher illuminates the future of juvenile struggle.
"We all know that in positive integers, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ... these numbers that can be divisible by 2 are called even numbers; 1, 3,5,7,9, etc. It is called odd number. There is also a number that can only be divisible by 1 and itself, but not by other integers. This number is called a prime number. "
As usual, the whole classroom can even hear the sound of an embroidery needle falling to the ground in silence, only Professor Shen's calm and rich voice echoes.
"More than two hundred years ago, a German middle school teacher named Goldbach found that every even number not less than 6 is the sum of two prime numbers. For example, 6 = 3+3, 12 = 5+7,18 = 7+1,24 = 1 1+ 13 ...
"However, guess is guess after all. Without rigorous scientific argumentation, it can only be a guess forever. " Now it's Chen Jingrun Jr.' s turn to make a commotion. But in my heart.
How to scientifically demonstrate? Can I grow up? He thought. Later, Goldbach wrote a letter to the famous mathematician Euler at that time. Euler received this letter with great enthusiasm and threw himself into this interesting debate almost immediately. Unfortunately, however, despite Euler's painstaking efforts, he failed to prove this conjecture until his death. Since then, Goldbach conjecture has become a world-famous mathematical problem. For more than 200 years, it has made many talented scholars and heroes of mathematics advance wave after wave and compete with each other. The classroom is boiling, and the children's curiosity and imagination are mobilized.
"Mathematics is the queen of natural science, and the crown on the queen's head is number theory. The Goldbach conjecture I just mentioned is a dazzling pearl in the queen's crown! "
Shen Yuan finished the story about Goldbach's conjecture in one go. The students talked about it in succession, and it was very lively, but the introverted Chen Jingrun didn't say a word, and the whole person was "crazy". This quiet, quiet and thoughtful child was completely brought into a colorful magical world by Shen Yuan's story. Although other students are amazed, when this admiration is over, it will be over, but he secretly tells himself over and over again:
"Are you okay? Can you take off this jewel in the crown of mathematics? "
One is a university professor and the other is a child with yellow mouth. Although there is no communication or even conversation between them in the strict sense, this class is really a heart-to-heart meeting, because it laid the foundation for Chen Jingrun Jr.' s beautiful ideal, a goal to work hard for, and made him willing to fight for it all his life! Many years later, Chen Jingrun graduated from Xiamen University. A few years later, he was appreciated by the famous mathematician Hua and transferred to the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences. Since then, under the leadership of China, Chen Jingrun devoted himself to the long-term and outstanding demonstration of Goldbach's conjecture day and night.
1966, a dazzling new star rose in the field of mathematics in China. Chen Jingrun told the world in the China Science Bulletin that he proved it (1+2)!
1In February, 973, Chen Jingrun, who rose from the catastrophe of the Cultural Revolution, revised (1+2) the certificate again. A theorem it proved shocked the international mathematics community and was named "Chen Theorem". I don't know if Professor Shen Yuan can still remember what he said to these children in those years, but Chen Jingrun always remembers that he has been so clear all his life.
Celebrity zhangcheng road
Chen Jingrun (1933- 1996) is a famous mathematician. 1950 was admitted to the sophomore year of Xiamen university, and 1953 graduated to teach there. 65438-0957, transferred to Institute of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and later became a researcher. 1973 published the paper "The big even table is the product of a prime number and the product of no more than two prime numbers". 1979 "The Minimum Prime Number in arithmetic progression" was published. 1980 was elected academician of China Academy of Sciences (academician of China Academy of Sciences).
Wang (1768- 1797), a female mathematician, is from Jiangning. She is the daughter of Wang Xichen, a scholar in Qing Dynasty. She wrote one volume, one volume, one volume, four volumes, five volumes, five volumes.
As can be seen from her works, she is a female mathematician engaged in astronomical and computational research. Calculation, also known as financing, strategy, strategy, etc. , sometimes an operator, is a rod-shaped calculation tool. Generally, a group of small sticks with the same length and thickness are made of bamboo or wood, as well as metal, jade, bone and other materials. When not in use, they are put in a special bag or operating cylinder, and placed on a special board, felt or directly on the table. The method of calculation with "calculation" is called "calculation", and the introduction of calculation into Japan is called "arithmetic". Calculation and preparation originated very early in China. There is a saying in Laozi that "those who are good at counting don't need to count". Now the earliest record is Sun Tzu's calculation, which was gradually replaced by abacus in the Ming Dynasty.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the British mathematician Napier invented a calculation method, which was introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty, also known as "calculation". Mei Wending and Dai Zhen, famous mathematicians in Qing Dynasty, studied this. Dai Zhen called it "strategic calculation". Wang also devoted himself to studying this calculation method introduced to China from the west, and wrote three volumes to introduce the western calculation method to Chinese people. In her book, she supplemented and explained the western calculation methods to make them simple and clear. Napier's multiplication and division method introduced by Wang was easier for readers to understand at that time, but it was more complicated than China's multiplication and division method at that time. Therefore, mathematicians have been using China's calculation method instead of Western calculation. Today's readers regard the calculation methods, multiplication and division at home and abroad as antiques, and adopt the four written operations imported from abroad. This kind of written calculation began to be used in 1903, so the history of using written calculation in China is only 100.
Gao, the predecessor of the Mathematical Society.
Gao (1906- 1978), a native of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, studied hard since childhood and especially liked mathematics.
After graduating from high school, he was admitted to the Mathematics Department of Peking University. Because of his excellent academic performance, he applied to Shanghai Datong University as a math teacher after graduating from 1930 University, and later became a professor and head of the Department of Mathematics. In classroom teaching, she follows the words in the Book of Learning: "A good singer makes people follow his voice, and a good teacher makes people follow his will." Therefore, high school mathematics teaching has always been serious and pragmatic, which is very popular with students.
He has been engaged in the teaching and research of mathematical analysis (formerly known as advanced calculus), advanced algebra and complex variable functions for a long time. She knows that advanced mathematics is more abstract than elementary mathematics, and laymen often regard it as a kingdom ruled by cold definitions, theorems and laws. Therefore, Professor Gao often tells students that the mathematical structure is rigorous and the proof is concise, which contains the beauty of mathematics. It's like a maze. As long as you study hard, you can find the right way out of the maze. Once you get out of the maze smoothly, the thrill of success will make you excited, and you will challenge a new and more complicated maze. This is the charm of mathematics.
She worked in Shanghai Datong University for less than five years, and her potential scientific research talent was quickly awakened. After studying the textbook assiduously and combining with the teaching practice, she wrote a paper "Clebsch Series Right and Wrong", which was serialized in Science Communication 1935 edited by Jiaotong University and was well received by her peers. After liberation, she wrote many popular science books, such as "On Limit and Determinant".
Gao was one of the few female predecessors when chinese mathematical society was founded. On July 25th, 1935, chinese mathematical society held an inaugural meeting in the library of Shanghai Jiaotong University. There were 33 people present, Gao being one of them. At this annual meeting, she was elected as a member of the chinese mathematical society Council and was re-elected for the second and third terms. 1951August, chinese mathematical society held its first national congress in Peking University, which was well attended. She is the only female representative among the 63 delegates at this meeting. In 1960s, she was elected as the vice president of Jiangsu Mathematics Society.
Xu Ruiyun, the first female doctor in mathematics.
Xu Ruiyun, 19 15 was born in Shanghai, and 1927 was admitted to Shanghai famous public girls' middle school in February. Xu Ruiyun liked mathematics since he was a child, but he was more interested in mathematics when he was in middle school. So, 1932 entered the mathematics department of Zhejiang University after graduating from high school in September. At that time, the professors in the Department of Mathematics of Zhejiang University were Zhu, Qian Baoyu, Chen and Su. Besides, there are several lecturers and teaching assistants. The courses in the Department of Mathematics are mainly taught by Chen and Su. There were few students in the department of mathematics at that time. There were five students in two classes in the last session, and this time she was only a dozen.
At that time, Su was only 30 years old and looked very young, so some of Xu Ruiyun's classmates thought Su was a teaching assistant, but after listening to a class, they couldn't help exclaiming, "I didn't expect the teaching assistant to speak so well." This incident caused laughter in the industry. Under the guidance of Chen and Su, Xu Ruiyun studied hard, listened carefully and took notes carefully, and his exam scores were often full marks. 1In July, 936, Xu Ruiyun graduated with honors and stayed in the Mathematics Department of Zhejiang University as a teaching assistant. 1937 in February, 26-year-old Xu Ruiyun married 28-year-old biology assistant Jiang. After three months of marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Xu Ruiyun won a scholarship from humbert to study in Germany, and both of them went abroad by boat to study for a doctorate in Germany.
Xu Ruiyun was lucky enough to be admitted by Karakai Wu Li Du, a famous German mathematician, as her doctoral supervisor in mathematics. At that time, many students wanted to ask him to be a tutor, but he didn't agree. Xu Ruiyun, an oriental lady, became a closed disciple of Wu in Karakai because of her diligent study and solid math skills. Xu Ruiyun mainly studies the theory of trigonometric series. This subject originated from the main part of Fourier analysis of heat conduction in physics, which was one of the hot spots in international research at that time, but it was still blank in China.
In order to catch up with the advanced world level in analysis and function theory in the future, Xu Ruiyun forgot to eat and sleep, studied extensively, and spent most of his time in the library. 1940 At the end of the year, Xu Ruiyun received her doctorate, becoming the first female doctor of mathematics in the history of China. Her doctoral thesis "Fourier expansion of singular functions in Lebesgue decomposition" was published in German Mathematical Times 194 1.
After completing their studies, Mr. and Mrs. Xu Ruiyun left Germany to return to their alma mater in April 194 1. Both of them were hired as associate professors and formally boarded the platform for training talents in the war-torn rear area. Under difficult conditions, Chen and Su did not interrupt the two mathematics discussion courses of function theory and differential geometry founded by * * in Hangzhou. This is a form of scientific research in which we learn from each other and choose Yan Ying, and Xu Ruiyun also participated. In June1944165438+10, Joseph Needham, head of the British scientific delegation to China, visited the Department of Mathematics and the School of Science of Zhejiang University and repeatedly praised: "You are the Cambridge of the East!" This encouraged Xu Ruiyun to work hard. Cao Xihua, Ye, Jin Fulin, Zhao Minyi, Yang Zongdao and other students she taught at this time later became outstanding mathematicians and mathematicians. 1946, Xu Ruiyun was promoted to full professor at the age of 3/kloc-0.
From 65438 to 0952, Xu Ruiyun was transferred to Zhejiang Normal University and was appointed as the head of the Department of Mathematics. Since then, he has devoted himself to the hard work of establishing the Department of Mathematics. Under her leadership, within a few years, the department of mathematics has begun to take shape and the teaching quality has been continuously improved. About one-third of the first batch of undergraduate graduates passed the postgraduate examination. Their department has also become a model of the national counterparts and entered the forefront of the national counterparts. Xu Ruiyun didn't forget scientific research when he was building the department of mathematics. She translated Natsume Soseki's masterpiece The Theory of Real Variable Functions. The translation was published by Higher Education Press 1955.