Current International Situation and China's Diplomatic Achievements

The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "The world today is undergoing great changes and adjustments." This scientific conclusion brilliantly summarizes the basic characteristics of the evolution of the international situation in the current period, and also reflects the main characteristics of the international strategic situation in 2007. At present, the profound changes and complex adjustments in the international strategic situation are the result of the interweaving interaction of various factors, such as new changes in the interests of countries, new ups and downs in the balance of power and new changes in policies, driven by the in-depth development of the three major trends of world multipolarization, economic globalization and social informatization.

As far as China is concerned, relations between major powers, neighboring countries, developing countries and multilateral relations constitute the overall diplomatic situation of China. The relationship between major powers is the focus of China's diplomatic work, with peripheral relations as the focus, developing countries as the basic point and multilateral relations as the highlight. In the past year, China's international strategic situation continued to develop in a positive direction, which was mainly reflected in the "four steps": the relations between major powers were further adjusted, the peripheral relations were further improved, the relations with developing countries were further strengthened, and multilateral relations were further developed. But at the same time, we still face some challenges, and we must be prepared for danger in times of peace and deal with them properly: First, the international security situation is complex and changeable, and the world is still very restless; Second, the global economic imbalance has intensified and the gap between the north and the south has widened; Third, there are still some problems in my relationship with big countries to varying degrees; Fourthly, there are still some complicated problems around China. It is particularly noteworthy that the separatist forces in Taiwan independence are stepping up their separatist activities. We are willing to achieve peaceful reunification of the two sides of the strait with the utmost sincerity and efforts, but we will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan Province Province from the motherland in any name or in any way.

Looking forward to 2008, we should thoroughly implement the "four continuations" put forward in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: continue to strengthen strategic dialogue with developed countries, enhance mutual trust, deepen cooperation, properly handle differences, and promote long-term, stable and healthy development of mutual relations; Continue to implement the neighboring foreign policy of being good neighbors and partners, strengthen good-neighborly friendship and pragmatic cooperation with neighboring countries, actively carry out regional cooperation, and create a regional environment of peace, stability, equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation; Continue to strengthen unity and cooperation with the vast number of developing countries, deepen traditional friendship, expand pragmatic cooperation, provide assistance within our capacity, and safeguard the legitimate demands and common interests of developing countries; Continue to actively participate in multilateral affairs, undertake corresponding international obligations, play a constructive role, and promote the development of the international order in a more just and rational direction.

I. Relations between major powers

In the past year, the balance of international power continued to undergo profound changes, which promoted a new round of adjustment of relations between major powers. The unilateralism of the United States was seriously frustrated. In 2007, it significantly strengthened coordination and borrowed from other international forces. The EU has achieved its sixth enlargement, and its membership has increased to 27. The European Union Summit adopted the Lisbon Treaty, and the integration construction got rid of stagnation. Russia's revival momentum is strong, the economic growth rate in 2007 can reach 7.6%, and Russia's foreign policy is more aggressive. Japan's economy maintains the recovery momentum and actively seeks the status of a world power. In this context, the contradiction between the United States and Russia has developed, and Russia has actively launched strategic countermeasures against the United States' further squeezing of Russia's strategic space; The differences between the United States and Europe still exist, but the relationship is closer; At the same time, the differences between the United States and Japan have been revealed. In particular, the Japanese government was forced to suspend the support of the Maritime Self-Defense Force to the US military in the Indian Ocean, which had a certain negative impact on US-Japan relations.

Relations between major powers are the focus of China's diplomatic work. China's comprehensive national strength will continue to increase, its GDP is expected to reach US$ 3 trillion, its total import and export trade will exceed US$ 2 trillion, and its international status and influence will continue to improve. In the past year, China's relations with major powers were further adjusted.

1. China-US relations have maintained overall stability and made new progress.

President Hu and President Bush met twice and talked many times. The China-US Strategic Economic Dialogue and Strategic Dialogue were successfully held and achieved many results. From June to September, 2007, the bilateral trade volume between China and the United States was $2.210.36 billion, up by10.05% year-on-year, and the two sides were each other's second largest trading partners. The two sides have strengthened communication on some hot issues, and the strategic connotation of bilateral relations has become richer. I successfully received US Secretary of Defense Gates' visit to China, and the military exchanges and mutual trust between the two countries have been enhanced.

2. Sino-Russian relations have made great progress.

There are frequent high-level interactions between the two countries. President Hu and President Putin met five times and established the overall framework for the development of China-Russia strategic cooperative partnership in the second 10 year. Bilateral economic and trade cooperation has been pragmatically promoted. From June to September 2007, the bilateral trade volume between China and Russia reached 34.92 billion US dollars, up 465.438+0.8% year-on-year. The goal of bilateral trade volume reaching 60-80 billion US dollars by 2065 is expected to be realized as scheduled.

I successfully held the Year of China in Russia. The two sides signed a 2 1 cooperation agreement worth about 4.3 billion US dollars, and held more than 300 activities involving politics, economy, military affairs, science and technology, education, culture and other fields.

3. Sino-Japanese relations show a good momentum of improvement and development.

2007 marks the 35th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan. In 2007, President Hu met with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe twice, Premier Wen successfully visited Japan, and the current Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda successfully visited China. The two sides have made joint efforts to establish and develop China-Japan strategic and mutually beneficial relations. From June to September 2007, the trade volume between the two countries reached 17 194 billion US dollars, up by 14% year-on-year. The mechanism of China-Japan high-level economic dialogue meeting was officially launched and the first meeting was held. Cao Gangchuan, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission and Minister of National Defense, successfully visited China, which is the second visit of Japanese Defense Minister after nearly 10 years. The first visit of Japanese naval vessels to China has written a new chapter in military exchanges between the two countries. The "China-Japan Cultural and Sports Exchange Year" held nearly 100 activities, which deepened the non-governmental exchanges and mutual understanding between the two countries.

4. China-EU relations have maintained stability and development.

President Hu met with many European dignitaries, French President Nicolas Sarkozy, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and other European leaders visited China, and China and the EU held the 10th Leaders' Meeting and the third round of China-EU Strategic Dialogue. From June to September, 2007, the trade volume between China and Europe reached US$ 25,665,438+300 million, up 27.8% year-on-year. In September, China's naval fleet held joint naval exercises with Britain, France, Spain and other countries in the Atlantic and Mediterranean for the first time, and the field of military exchanges was expanded.

Second, the peripheral relationship.

China has a vast territory and many countries, which is not only the highlight of the current world economic growth, but also the focus of many contradictions and problems. In the past year, the situation around China has remained generally stable, the situation on the Korean Peninsula has obviously eased, ASEAN integration has reached a new level, the pace of regional cooperation in South Asia has accelerated, and the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has made remarkable achievements. In August, the SCO summit adopted a series of important documents such as the Treaty on Long-term Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation among SCO Member States, and successfully held the "Peace Mission -2007" joint anti-terrorism military exercise, which attracted wide attention.

Peripheral relations are the focus of China's diplomatic work. In the past year, China's relations with neighboring countries have further improved. Russia and Japan are both big countries and important neighbors around me. Sino-Russian relations and Sino-Japanese relations continued to make new progress. In addition, my relations with neighboring countries have maintained a good momentum of development.

1. New achievements have been made in relations with Northeast Asian countries.

Although it is still a tortuous and complicated process to resolve the DPRK nuclear issue, I actively mediate with all parties concerned on the DPRK nuclear issue and promote new progress in the six-party talks.

In 2007, the Six-Party Talks adopted the initial actions to implement the Joint Statement in February and June, 5438+10 respectively, and the second-stage actions to implement the Joint Statement. North Korea agreed to complete the disablement of Yongbyon nuclear facility and declare its nuclear program; The United States will, according to North Korea's actions, start the national procedure of not listing North Korea as a "state supporting terrorism" in parallel, and advance the process of terminating the application of the trade law of the enemy country to North Korea; The parties reaffirmed their economic, energy and humanitarian assistance to the DPRK. I fully played a constructive role in the process of resolving the DPRK nuclear issue and was widely praised by the international community. The traditional friendly relations between China and the DPRK have been further consolidated. China-ROK comprehensive cooperative partnership has developed in depth. Exchanges and cooperation between China, Japan and South Korea have been strengthened, the seventh China-Japan-ROK Leaders' Meeting was successfully held, and the "China-Japan-Korea Cultural Exchange Year" was successfully launched. Relations with Southeast Asian countries have further developed. On June 5438+0 and June 5438+0 1, Premier Wen attended the 10 and the1"/kloc-0+1"ASEAN-China leaders' meeting and reached many important understandings with ASEAN. /kloc-since July, 2000, the China-ASEAN service trade agreement has been formally implemented, and the construction of China-ASEAN free trade area has made significant progress. China actively participated in dialogue activities such as the security policy meeting of the ASEAN Regional Forum, and successfully held the international disaster relief seminar between ASEAN and the armed forces of China, Japan and South Korea, and the China-ASEAN peacekeeping seminar. The areas of security dialogue and cooperation with ASEAN continued to expand.

2. Deepen relations with Central Asian countries.

2007 marks the 5th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Central Asian countries/KLOC-0. Since 15, China and Central Asian countries have successfully solved the border issue, continuously enhanced mutual trust, and established the "Shanghai Five" mechanism and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The relationship between China and Central Asian countries has become a model of new state relations and regional cooperation.

In August, President Hu paid a state visit to Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. /kloc-in October, Premier Wen paid an official visit to Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. High-level visits and exchanges at all levels have further enhanced political mutual trust and mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Central Asian countries.

3. Relations with South Asian countries have developed steadily.

In 2007, China and Pakistan agreed to raise their strategic partnership to a new level. /kloc-since July, China has implemented the first phase of China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement, and made substantial progress in the construction of China-Pakistan Free Trade Area.

China-India relations have maintained a good momentum of development. President Hu, Premier Wen and Prime Minister Singh met many times, and both sides agreed to continue to promote the "Ten Strategies" of China-India cooperation and deepen the development of bilateral relations. In 2007, the foreign ministers of the two countries met five times, the highest in history. From June 5438 to September 2007, the bilateral trade volume between China and China reached US$ 27.2 billion, exceeding the annual level in 2006, with a year-on-year increase of 52%, ranking first among China's top ten trading partners. 165438+ 10, China and India held the first defense and security consultation; In February 65438, the first joint army anti-terrorism training was held, and new progress was made in military mutual trust and cooperation between the two countries.

Three. Relations between developing countries

In the past year, the economies of developing countries generally showed a good momentum of development, and the trend of unity and self-improvement was significantly enhanced. The BRIC countries of China, Russian Federation, Indian Federation and Brazil are mainly developing countries, and their contribution rate to the world economic growth is rising, and the total economic output has accounted for about 15% of the world economic output. The economies of Asia, Africa and Latin America have maintained high growth rates. The contribution rate of emerging powers to world economic growth exceeds that of traditional powers for the first time. According to UNCTAD's forecast, in 2007, among the 65,438+043 developing China countries, the per capita real income of most countries was increasing, and only 65,438+00 countries saw their per capita real income level decrease.

Relations with developing countries are the basic point of China's diplomatic work. In the past year, China's relations with developing countries have been further strengthened. Actively carry out all-round cooperation with developing countries. 2007 is the first year to implement the follow-up measures of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. 65438+1From October 30 to February 10, President Hu paid a state visit to eight African countries, which effectively promoted the in-depth development of China-Africa new strategic partnership. In September, China held the first political consultation with foreign ministers of 48 African countries at the UN General Assembly, and launched a regular political dialogue mechanism at the foreign minister level under the framework of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. China's aid and investment in Africa have been expanding, china-africa development fund has been officially launched, and the work of debt-free and tariff-free has been carried out in an orderly manner. From June to September 2007, the bilateral trade volume between China and Africa reached US$ 52,665.438 billion, up 29.7% year-on-year.

My relations with Latin American countries have maintained a good momentum of development. China and Latin America have maintained close consultations and continuously strengthened coordination within mechanisms such as the United Nations, the Rio Group, the dialogue meeting between member States and permanent observers of the Organization of American States. Use G8+5 platform and other mechanisms to promote North-South dialogue and South-South cooperation. While comprehensively promoting cooperation with developing countries, I actively promote and guide North-South dialogue and cooperation.

Since 2002, the G8 has held informal dialogue meetings between North and South leaders and some developing countries during the summit. In June 2007, the G8 launched the "G8+5" regular dialogue mechanism, and will hold regular meetings in the future to strengthen dialogue and communication with developing countries in the economic, energy and social fields. The G8+5 mechanism is becoming an important platform for promoting North-South dialogue and South-South cooperation. In 2007, President Hu attended the G8 +5 Dialogue held in Heiligendamm, Germany, expounded China's position on world economic issues and advocated promoting North-South cooperation in the field of international development. Publish China's policy proposals on climate change, adhere to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and require developed countries to take the lead in undertaking emission reduction obligations and provide assistance to developing countries, which should take measures within their own capabilities according to their own conditions; When attending the collective meeting of leaders of developing countries, he put forward an initiative to strengthen South-South coordination, which was positively responded by the leaders attending the meeting. This is the fourth time that President Hu attended the North-South Leaders' Dialogue after the Evian Conference in 2003, the Eagle Valley Conference in 2005 and the St. Petersburg Conference in 2006, which has played a positive role in strengthening North-South dialogue and South-South cooperation and consolidating the friendly and cooperative relations between China and developing countries.

Four. Multilateral relations

In the past year, global and regional multilateral relations have developed more actively. Global and regional multilateral organizations such as the United Nations, APEC, WTO, SCO, EU, ASEAN, AU, Arab League and ASEM Summit are playing an increasingly important role in international affairs. The UN Security Council has played an important role in solving the North Korean nuclear issue, the Iranian nuclear issue and the Darfur issue in Sudan. In response to climate change, the Climate Change Conference held in February, 65438 adopted the Bali Road Map, a new global climate change framework agreement, which was highly concerned and widely praised by the international community. After 18 years of development, APEC has 2 1 members, accounting for 4 1% of the world population, 53% of the world economy and 46% of the world trade, and has become the most extensive and representative regional international organization. In September, the15th APEC informal leaders' meeting issued the Sydney Declaration, which reached important understandings on climate change, Doha Round negotiations and regional economic integration.

Multilateral relations are a highlight of China's diplomatic work. In the past year, China's multilateral relations have further developed. China actively participates in multilateral affairs, and plays an increasingly important role in the six-party talks on the Korean nuclear issue, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, "10+ 1" between ASEAN and China, "10+3" between ASEAN and China, Japan and South Korea, the East Asia Summit and the G8 +5.

At the same time, China attaches great importance to and actively participates in the activities of global and regional organizations such as the United Nations and APEC. Take the United Nations as an important stage to show the image of a responsible big country. China attaches great importance to safeguarding the authority of the United Nations and giving full play to its role. China has always insisted on solving relevant international issues through dialogue and consultation within the framework of the United Nations. On the DPRK nuclear issue, the Iranian nuclear issue, the Darfur region of Sudan and other issues, attention should be paid to taking care of the legitimate concerns of the countries concerned and safeguarding the common interests of all parties. It has not only effectively safeguarded the position and authority of the United Nations in international affairs, but also fully played a constructive role, showing the good image of a responsible big country in an all-round way and being widely praised by the international community.

China actively participates in United Nations peacekeeping operations. By the end of June 2007, our army had participated in 1 18 UN peacekeeping operations, sending 9040 peacekeeping military personnel, making it the country with the largest number of peacekeeping troops among the five permanent members of the Security Council. In 2007, at the request of the United Nations, I sent 1 60 peacekeeping medical teams to Lebanon, expanding the number of peacekeeping engineering teams in Lebanon from 182 to 275, and promised to send 1 3 15 multifunctional peacekeeping engineering teams to Darfur, Sudan, among which15. China actively fulfilled its financial obligations to the United Nations, and its membership fee ratio increased from 2.05% to 2.667%, ranking first among all countries. Since 2007, China has also participated in the United Nations system for transparency of military expenditures and restored the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, making positive contributions to the development of the United Nations disarmament and military trust system. Actively play a constructive role in APEC. China attaches importance to participating in various activities of APEC and actively supports the organization to play a greater role in cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. In September 2007, President Hu attended the 5th APEC Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting. In view of the main topics of this meeting, President Hu clearly put forward the important ideas of adhering to cooperative response, sustainable development, the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" and scientific and technological innovation, put forward the establishment of "Asia-Pacific Forest Restoration and Sustainable Management Network", and introduced the measures and methods of China in controlling greenhouse gas emissions. After the G8 +5 meeting, President Hu once again expounded China's position and proposition on the issue of climate change on multilateral occasions. It was also the first time that China leaders put forward concrete and pragmatic cooperation proposals to deal with climate change at an international conference, which was positively evaluated and supported by all parties. The Sydney Declaration adopted at the meeting adopted the ideas put forward by China. China is playing an increasingly constructive role in the development of APEC.

In the new year, we will persist in coordinating the domestic and international situations, create a more favorable international strategic situation for the peaceful development of China and make greater contributions to world peace and development.