Gregor Johann Mendel (1July 20th, 822-18841October 6th), an Austrian, is the "father of modern genetics" and the founder of genetics. The law of heredity was discovered in 1865. 1822 Mendel was born in a poor peasant family, and his parents were gardeners. He is known as the father of modern genetics. Mendel discovered the law of inheritance, separation and free combination through pea experiment. His father was good at gardening, and under his direct influence, Mendel loved gardening since childhood. 1843, after graduating from middle school, he was admitted to the School of Philosophy of Olmertz University for further study, but he was forced to drop out of school because of his poor family. 1843 10 forced by life, he entered a monastery in the Austrian city of Bronx and became a monk. From 185 1 to 1853, Mendel studied in Vienna University for four semesters, systematically studying botany, zoology, physics and chemistry. At the same time, he received good scientific research training, which laid a solid theoretical foundation for his later scientific research on plant hybridization. 1854, Mendel returned to his hometown and continued to work in the monastery. In his spare time, he started 12 years of plant hybridization experiments. Among a large number of plant hybridization experiments conducted by Mendel, pea hybridization experiment is the best. After eight years' unremitting efforts (1856- 1864), the paper "Plant Hybridization Experiment" was finally published in 1865, which put forward the argument that genetic unit is genetic factor (called gene in modern genetics) and revealed two basic laws of genetics-separation phenomenon and the law of free combination. The discovery and presentation of these two important laws laid a solid foundation for the birth and development of genetics, which is also an important scientific research achievement that Mendel will leave behind. Although Mendel's immortal thesis has been published, it is a pity that his creative thought, which is different from his predecessors, is too advanced for his time, so that his scientific papers have not attracted the attention of his biological colleagues for 35 years. It was not until 1900 that his discovery was confirmed by three European botanists of different nationalities in their pea hybridization experiments, and then it was valued and recognized, and the study of genetics developed rapidly from then on.

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