Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 June 28th, 1778 July 2nd) was a great French enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator and writer in the 18th century, an ideological pioneer of the French revolution in the 8th century, an outstanding democratic critic and a romantic literature.

His major works include On the Origin and Basis of Human Inequality, On Social Contract, Emile, Confessions, New Ai Royce, Plant Communication, etc.

Brief introduction of musical notation

Simple notation refers to simple notation. There are two kinds of letter symbols and number symbols.

It originated in France in the18th century and was improved by the Germans, so it became what it is today. The so-called music score generally refers to digital music score. The numerical notation is based on the moving roll call method, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 represent the seven basic levels in the scale. Pronunciation is do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti (si in China), and English is represented by c, d, e, f, g, a, b, and the sound length name of each number is equivalent to the quarter note of the staff.

The origin of music notation

The rudiment of digital notation first appeared in Europe in16th century, when there was a Catholic monk named Suetti. He wrote music education songs with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and then wrote a booklet entitled "New Methods of Learning plainsong and Music". Westerners at that time paid great attention to personal achievements such as invention and creation and copyright, which is recorded in history.

18th century Frenchman named Rousseau; 1742, he read a paper "Suggestions on New music notation" to the French Academy of Sciences, and then mentioned the digital notation. Since the middle of18th century, a group of French musicians, doctors and mathematicians have sorted out and perfected the digital notation. 19th century, after continuous improvement and popularization by P Garland, A Paris and EJM· Xie Wei, it was widely used by the masses. So this notation is called Gapassel notation in the west.

/kloc-At the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, new schools appeared in China, in which music and song lessons directly imitated Japanese music education and followed Japanese notation. Many primary and secondary schools offer singing lessons. At that time, most of the teaching materials for singing were Japanese songs written by China's music teacher, including staff and notation. It was about this time that notation was introduced into China from Japan.

1903, he studied in Tokyo Conservatory of Music, and introduced the knowledge of western music theory by publishing the article "General Theory of Music" in the sixth and seventh issues of chinese magazine's Jiangsu, which was edited and published by Jiangsu Association in Tokyo. At present, he published six songs, such as "Training" and "Spring outing", in the form of notation and staff comparison. Shen Xingong, a modern music educator, was also one of the earliest disseminators of music scores. His school song collection was published in 1904, becoming the first published and popular music collection in China. Since then, music scores have gradually spread to schools all over the country. Notation, because of its simplicity, easy learning and convenient typesetting, has played a great role in the spread of songs in China's mass singing campaign against Japanese aggression and national salvation. At the same time, notation itself has been further improved and popularized.

Another reason for the widespread popularity of notation in China is that the notation of notation is quite close to a popular notation of Chinese characters in China. For example, Miyachi notation uses Gong Fan 65 B and different radicals attached to the left of words to represent the sound level, while simplified notation uses seven Arabic numerals and points attached above or below the numerals to represent the sound level. Miyachi notation is to indicate the length of a sound by attaching a checkered symbol to the right side of a word, and simple notation is to indicate the length of a sound by attaching a short horizontal line to the right side or below an Arabic numeral. The notation of musical notation is so close to the notation of I scale that the method of recording sound pitch by musical notation is simpler and more accurate than the notation of I scale, so people in China are very easy to accept musical notation.

As far as the world is concerned, China has absorbed the best notation and carried it forward. No country in the world is so popular as China.

Simple notation has many advantages, such as easy to learn, easy to remember and easy to write, which makes it have more users than staff in China, and plays an important role in the promotion and popularization of mass music and cultural activities. Many musicians in our country record their original creative ideas when composing music, and are used to using convenient notation. When Nie Er wrote March of the Volunteers and Xian Xinghai wrote The Yellow River Cantata, their first drafts were also written in notation.

Basic elements of music score

Generally speaking, the composition of all music has four basic elements, the most important of which is the level of sound and the length of sound:

1. Tone level: Any music is composed of high notes and low notes. Looking directly from the piano, the keyboard sound is low left and high right. As far as number symbols are concerned, there are many points and symbols directly above or below the number. Points can be understood as intensity, the more the stronger, representing the high notes above and the low notes below. The principle is the vibration frequency of the object. The higher the treble, the higher the vibration frequency, and vice versa.

2, the length of the sound: In addition to the level of the sound, there is another important factor is the length of the sound. The annotation of pitch and length determines that this piece of music is different from other pieces, so it becomes the most important basic element of music. This principle is expressed as the duration of sound.

3, the intensity of sound: the intensity of music is easy to understand, also called intensity. There are always some notes in a piece of music that are strong in some places and weak in some places. The change of strength is one of the factors to express emotion in music works. The principle is expressed by amplitude.

4. Sound quality: it can also be called timbre. That is, musical instruments or human voices. The pitch of the same melody is different for boys and girls. The timbre of violin and piano is different.

The above four items constitute the basic elements of any musical work. It should be said that notation can basically correctly label these basic elements.