The deterioration of the macro-economic environment in the United States, as well as its own management and institutional problems, have plunged the American banking industry into this crisis. With the escalation of the housing and credit crisis, in the fourth quarter of 2008, the American banking industry suffered its first quarterly loss since 18. In the fourth quarter of 2008, American commercial banks and deposit institutions lost $26.2 billion, the first quarterly loss since the fourth quarter of 1990, and the highest quarterly loss in 25 years since the FDIC began this statistic. In the whole year of 2008, the American banking industry realized a profit of 16 1 billion dollars, the lowest since 1990. In 2008, it made a profit of 1 billion dollars, down by 83.9 billion dollars compared with 2007. 2008 was an extremely difficult year for Bank of America. During this year, the trust activities in American financial markets decreased. In 2008, the total assets under entrusted management decreased by $65,438 +0. 1 trillion, and the unmanaged assets decreased by $3.5 trillion. The net trust income in 2008 decreased by 1. 1 trillion dollars compared with 2007. However, in 2008, the transactions generated by bankruptcy and aid reached the highest level since 15. In 2008, 78 insurance institutions were merged with other institutions, 292 were merged, 25 commercial banks and storage institutions were closed, and 5 large institutions were rescued, which is also the largest number of institutional closure and rescue transactions since 1993. Among about 8,500 commercial banks and deposit institutions in the United States, by the end of the fourth quarter of 2008, * * * had 252 listed as "problem banks", much higher than 1 and 71at the end of the third quarter; The "problem assets" in the banking industry (that is, loans overdue for more than 90 days) rose from1160 billion US dollars in the previous quarter to159 billion US dollars; Since the beginning of 2009. Another 14 commercial banks and storage institutions were closed. The data shows that from a historical perspective, the profitability of American banks is declining. From the two indicators of return on capital and return on assets, Bank of America's return on assets and return on capital hit the lowest since 2008 1987. It shows that the American banking industry was seriously affected by the subprime mortgage crisis, and its overall profitability was hit hard in 2008. From the overall operating situation in 2008, the data show that the total interest income of American commercial banks in 2008 decreased by $8,066.7 billion compared with 2007, while the net interest income only increased slightly compared with 2007, and the non-interest income decreased by 8. 1%. In 2008, the loss of bond income was $654.38+040.83 billion. In 2007, the bond has lost money, but the amount of loss in 2008 increased significantly. The huge loss of bonds has played a certain role in the decline of profits of American commercial banks. The net profit of American commercial banks in 2008 was $243,465,438+billion, a decrease of $732.89 billion compared with 2007. The specific quarterly data changes are as follows: in the first three quarters of 2008, there was no loss in net profit, but the profit began to decline from the first quarter, with a relatively large decline, with a decline rate of 58.37% from the first quarter to the third quarter. American commercial banks lost $2,949.7 billion in the fourth quarter, which caused the annual net profit to fall to the lowest level since 1990. In terms of per capita profit, the per capita profit of American commercial banks in 2008 was only $654.38+$2500, which was 74.95% lower than that in 2007. Judging from the situation of commercial banks of different scales, big banks are still the dominant force in American banking. According to the data in the fourth quarter of 2008, there are 5 12 large banks with assets exceeding $654.380 billion, accounting for 7.23% of all commercial banks, but their profits account for 8 1% of the total bank profits, while medium-sized commercial banks and banks with assets of $654.380 billion and $654.380 billion respectively, in 2008, The overall risk prevention ability of American commercial banks. From the perspective of capital adequacy ratio, the core capital adequacy ratio in 2008 was the lowest since 2002, and the risk prevention ability of the banking industry was declining. Judging from the loan loss reserve of Bank of America, the loan loss reserve of American commercial banks and storage institutions in the fourth quarter of 2008 was US$ 6.93 billion, more than double the loan loss reserve of US$ 3.265438 billion in the fourth quarter of 2007, and the loan loss reserve accounted for 50.2% of the total net operating income. It can be seen that from 2007 to 2008, due to the impact of the subprime mortgage crisis, the loan losses of American banks and the loan reserves accrued in their balance sheets continued to increase. In 2008, the loan loss reserves reached $65.438+0565.438+0235 billion, an increase of $9.3925 billion over 2007. Loan loss reserve is the credit cost of banks. The increase of loan loss reserve shows that the credit cost of banks is increasing and the credit risk of American banks is increasing.