On the future development trend of management science The development trend of management science is the inevitable result of the development of human society. Management has experienced three stages: traditional management, scientific management and modern management. The ideas and theories of each stage are sublation and revision of the previous stage, and finally form a systematic management system. The essence of management science is to explore the dynamic balance between external environment, internal conditions and management objectives, while human society always develops from a low stage to an advanced stage, that is, the external environment of management subjects always changes. Keywords management science; Development trend; Class society 1. The development process of management science is a chronicle of human social changes. Man is a gregarious animal. People's production activities and social activities are collective, and management is needed to organize and coordinate collective activities. However, the level of social productivity directly affects the management level, management scope and management complexity, thus affecting the development of management science. The productivity level of primitive society was extremely low, and the management level at that time also adapted to it. With the continuous progress of human society, management thoughts have made great progress, such as the pyramids in Egypt, the first code promulgated by King Hammurabi of Babylon, the hierarchical centralized empire established in ancient Rome, and Sun Tzu's Art of War in ancient China. /kloc-The industrial revolution, which began in the middle of the 0/8th century, made the social productive forces develop greatly, and the management thought also had a profound revolution, and the functions of planning, organization and control came into being one after another. Meanwhile, adam. 6? 1 Smith published his masterpiece The Wealth of Nations, which made great contributions to the development of management thought. His theory of division of labor laid an important theoretical foundation for the formation of management science. In the pre-industrial society, the social division of labor, stratification, social relations and social activities between people are becoming more and more complicated. In capitalist countries, the contradiction between labor and capital is becoming more and more prominent, and the level of productivity is constantly improving. There is an urgent need for a set of systematic management theories and scientific management methods to adapt to it. Although the early management thought has its scientific side, it is scattered and unsystematic after all, so it is impossible for factory owners to fully realize how to manage to solve the problem of labor relations without reducing the surplus value obtained. Therefore, how to improve the management level of factories and workshops has become an urgent problem to be solved. At that time, Taylor held the original intention of solving the contradiction between labor and capital, and took the pursuit of economic interests as the basic needs of human beings as a useful assumption. He established a set of enterprise management theory-"scientific management-Taylor system" focusing on the operational efficiency of specific work within the enterprise. At the same time, Fa Yueer studied the enterprise as a whole, systematically put forward fourteen principles and five management functions, and founded the theory of organizational management. Taylor's scientific management theory and Fa Yueer's organizational management theory are systematic and theoretical, which make the management system take shape. Taylor's scientific management theory and method played a great role in improving the labor productivity of enterprises in the early 20th century, but it was impossible to completely solve the problem of improving labor productivity. As a result, a school specializing in human factors in order to arouse people's enthusiasm-interpersonal school came into being. It surpassed Taylor's hypothesis of economic man and put forward the hypothesis of social man, which laid the foundation for the later school of behavioral science and became a springboard for the transition from scientific management to modern management. In the era of industrial economy, the rapid development of productive forces, the rapid improvement of production socialization, the continuous expansion of the market and the increasingly fierce competition among enterprises require the continuous improvement of management level to adapt to the new business environment. Therefore, many management scholars, sociologists and psychologists actively engaged in management research, created many new management theories, and appeared the jungle of management theory. For example, the decision-making theory school represented by Simon, with the idea that "the key to management lies in decision-making", sublimated the social man hypothesis and put forward the decision-maker hypothesis. To sum up, management has experienced three stages: traditional management, scientific management and modern management. The ideas and theories of each stage are sublation and revision of the previous stage, and finally form a systematic management system. Second, the development trend of management science is the inevitable result of the development of human society. The essence of management science is to explore the dynamic balance between external environment, internal conditions and management objectives, while human society always develops from a low stage to an advanced stage, that is, the external environment of management subjects is always changing. Therefore, in order to seek the balance among the three, management must also develop dynamically. In the 1990s, especially in the post-industrial society of 2 1 century, the rapid development of science and technology will certainly promote the further development of management. Judging from its development trend, the author thinks that it is mainly manifested in the following three aspects: 1. The hypothesis of human nature in management has changed from the hypothesis of economic man, social man and decision-maker to the hypothesis of complex man. In the early management thought, people were regarded as a tool to speak, and people were always lazy, lazy and irresponsible. McGregor called this traditional hypothesis of human nature X theory. The scientific management theory represented by Taylor emphasizes the nature of people's pursuit of economic interests, which makes the assumption of human nature in management and economics tend to be consistent. Later, Mayo realized from Hawthorne's experiment that besides the demand for economic benefits, people's social and psychological needs are also very important, so he denied the economic man hypothesis and put forward the social man hypothesis. Other representatives of behavioral science theory also strengthened the social man hypothesis from different aspects, among which Maslow's hierarchy of needs developed the social man hypothesis into a classic and exquisite demand model. The human nature assumption of contemporary management school is also like a jungle, among which Simon's decision-maker assumption is more representative. He believes that management is decision-making. In an organization, employees at different levels are making decisions, so they are all decision makers. From Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, we can see that people will have multiple needs because of the existence of personal goals, personal preferences and personal interests. These needs will lead to various motives and behaviors to meet the needs of individual self-development, self-realization and self-improvement. In today's society, people are influenced and baptized by economy, politics, culture, morality and other aspects, and human nature has become very complicated. If managers don't assess the situation in time, introduce incentive mechanism, cooperate sincerely with employees, meet their needs and fully mobilize their potential, organizational efficiency can't be really improved. Therefore, with the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the hypothesis of human nature in management is bound to surpass the hypothesis of economic man, social man and decision maker and sublimate into the hypothesis of complex man. 2. The management function extends from planning, organization, personnel, leadership and control to information function, forming a management cycle system, which makes the management work repeated, and the management level will be raised to a higher level every cycle. However, with the acceleration of the global economic transformation from industrial economy to information economy, the management work without information penetration will be pale and powerless, or the management rhythm can't keep up, or the management quality can't be guaranteed. Therefore, strengthening the role of information in management will be one of the development trends of management science. There are three manifestations. First, information function can innovate the internal structure of productive forces, greatly improve the productivity of resource conversion system, and at the same time adapt to the rapid changes of market demand structure and consumption structure with increasing flexibility. Secondly, information function can promote the optimization of management system, promote the innovation of organization, and make the performance of organization rise continuously. Information function can improve the scientificity and timeliness of planning and decision-making, and become a powerful weapon for enterprises to survive, develop and win in the information age. The introduction of information function and traditional management function will form an interdependent and mutually promoting management function system. Information function provides all-round and whole-process information for traditional management functions, which in turn urges information function to develop, collect, process, disseminate and distribute information resources. 3. The new theoretical premise of management-"common labor theory" challenges the traditional theory of division of labor. Adam 200 years ago. 6? 1 Smith discusses the role of division of labor by taking manufacturing needles as an example. Moreover, his theory of division of labor became the starting point of modern industrial revolution and the theoretical premise for later management scientists to create management science. It is true that the division of labor greatly improves labor productivity and is also conducive to professional and functional management. However, with the development of this theory today, its negative effects are increasingly exposed. Modern society, on the one hand, pursues the individualization of products, the complexity of production and the diversification of enterprise management. If one-sided emphasis is placed on fine division of labor and specialization, the overall coordination and process monitoring of the operation process will be higher and higher, leading to the overall inefficiency of enterprises; At the same time, the bureaucratic system that divides people into superior and subordinate relationships does not give full play to people's enthusiasm and initiative. On the contrary, it corrodes people's spirit and destroys people's physical and mental health, so that it goes to the opposite side of the original motivation of the principle of division of labor and cooperation. On the other hand, the development of high technology, especially the popularization and application of computers, makes it possible to simplify management links. At the same time, corresponding to market changes and high-tech development, the quality of the labor force has been greatly improved, and employees are no longer satisfied with monotonous and simple complex work, and the demand for sharing decision-making power is increasingly strong. Compared with the theory of division of labor, the theory of collaborative work shows its powerful advantages, that is, with the help of information technology, the original fragmented business processes are reasonably "assembled" with the breakthrough of enterprise business process reengineering, and several processes are merged by one person, and people in charge of different processes can also be combined into working groups or teams, which is convenient for * * * to enjoy information, simplify handover procedures and shorten time. In addition, reducing management levels, improving management scope and establishing a flat organizational structure can break the bureaucratic system, reduce audit and supervision procedures, reduce management costs, reduce internal conflicts, increase organizational cohesion, greatly mobilize the enthusiasm of employees and promote their personal development.