This summer social practice is based on the theme of "caring for the vulnerable groups and transmitting the positive energy of youth". Combined with the local situation in Shiyan, we conducted a centralized survey with Yimeng Rehabilitation Center, Hongyan Back Primary School and zhangwan district Guo Hua Street Welfare Institute as representatives to understand the current situation and existing problems of the vulnerable groups, so that more people can understand, pay attention to and finally participate in helping them.
Paper Keywords: Shiyan City, investigation and analysis of vulnerable groups, social assistance
Principal: Li Ranran, School of Economics and Management.
Members: Zhang Hui, Li Lianqiu, Lei Yijun, Claire Kuo from School of Economics and Management, Xing from School of Electrical and Information Engineering.
I. Background and purpose of the survey
() Investigation background
In recent years, China has initially established an urban social security system that is compatible with the socialist market economic system, including "three security lines" such as basic living security for laid-off workers, unemployment insurance, minimum living security for urban residents, old-age insurance, medical insurance and industrial injury insurance, as well as other forms of public welfare activities. In China, there are not many organizations of vulnerable groups, mainly consumer associations, women's federations, elderly associations, trade unions, disabled persons' federations and so on. By the end of June of 20 12, the urban minimum living allowance had covered 37.825 million people, accounting for only about 18% of the total of nearly 200 million vulnerable groups. The security fund is low and the payment rate is high. In 2000, 77% of the medical expenses borne by laid-off workers were within 800 yuan, accounting for14 of the living expenses of laid-off workers, and 23% of them were above 800 yuan, among which 5.3% of them had annual medical expenses exceeding 2,000 yuan.
The problem of vulnerable groups has become one of the important factors affecting the deepening of China's reform and opening up and building a harmonious society. The disadvantaged groups in China are characterized by low economic status, low political and social status, low education level and low psychological quality. The main reasons are economic system transformation, social structure adjustment, industrial structure adjustment, irregular distribution mechanism and imperfect social security system.
Because the disadvantaged groups are still huge, their lives are still struggling. With the development of economy, the state, society and individuals pay more and more attention to the vulnerable groups, and the forms of assistance are becoming more and more diversified.
(ii) Purpose of the investigation
In order to fully understand their living conditions, mental health and rights protection, we specially set up this summer social practice. Our social practice mainly centers on Yimeng Rehabilitation Center for Deaf Children in Shiyan City, Guo Hua Street Welfare Institute in zhangwan district City in Shiyan City and Hongyan Back Primary School in Shiyan City to understand the basic situation of the disadvantaged groups they represent.
Our activity this time is to take the xx Congress of the Party as an opportunity to carry out social practice with the theme of "caring for the disadvantaged groups and passing on the positive energy of youth", which meets the needs of the times. This practical activity will not only provide material help for these vulnerable groups, but also pay more attention to helping their inner world, so that they can truly feel that this society is a warm and loving family with happiness.
Two. Method and time of investigation
Investigation time: July 6, 20 13—July 6, 2065438+2005.
Investigation method:
The main investigation methods of this social practice are interviews, in-depth field investigations in various investigation destinations, visits to Yimeng Rehabilitation Center for Deaf Children in Shiyan City to offer love, conducts special research on the living conditions of poor students in Hongyanbei Primary School and improvement measures, and conducts condolence activities in Guo Hua Street Welfare Institute in zhangwan district, Shiyan City. In practice, we can understand the current situation and problems of the investigation site by contacting relevant departments in time, distributing survey statistics and holding symposiums.
Three. Findings and analysis
Shiyan Yimeng deaf children recovery center
1. Basic information
Shiyan Yimeng Rehabilitation Center for Deaf Children was established in 2007. It is a private welfare institution affiliated to Shiyan Disabled Persons' Federation and the first designated base for deaf children in hearing and speech rehabilitation. At present, there are 39 children in the rehabilitation center, aged between 2 and 8. Some of them are severely deaf, and some are triple disabled (deafness, eye disease and physical disability).
This activity was strongly supported by teachers of the Rehabilitation Center for Deaf Children and welcomed by children. It brought colorful performances such as dance, taekwondo and guitar, as well as interesting games such as eagle catching chickens and millipedes. Although the weather is very hot, all the children have bright smiles on their faces. Children don't have their own standard desks, pens and exercise books. They are eager for love and care. Four classrooms with less than 10 square meter, a dormitory with more than 20 people, five teachers and more than 30 students form such a special school-Shiyan Rehabilitation Center for Deaf Children.
2. Analysis of existing problems
Generally speaking, the formation of hearing-impaired children's inferiority complex mainly includes physical and psychological reasons. Physiologically: it is obvious that they have hearing impairment or disability; Psychological aspects: parents' attitude, school environment and social concept, these factors make these children gradually form the psychology of timidity and inferiority.
Through the teacher's introduction and communication with children, we can deeply understand the psychology, study and life of these children. Through communication with them, we have a deep understanding of the living conditions of these special children. And learned the following questions:
1. Language is an inseparable unity of pronunciation and semantics, and a sacred product of historical traditions and ethnic areas. Standardized speech is that the vocal organs (including lips, tongue, teeth, throat and related muscles in the mouth) promote the change of ambient atmospheric pressure in a unique way, emit sound waves with linguistic significance, and then spread through the air to the eardrum of the listener's ear until the auditory pathway, forming language perception. Without the normal movement of the pronunciation organs, it is impossible to produce correct language. After wearing hearing AIDS, deaf children have indeed entered the society with sound of "China Inspirational Network", which has improved their sense threshold of sound, but it does not mean improving the level of language perception, let alone the level of speech occurrence, which only creates conditions for restoring the auditory speech feedback loop. To make the cycle completely smooth, only through modern step-by-step listening training and language training can it be realized.
2. Listening training is to let children wearing hearing AIDS form an understanding and discrimination of language and various environmental sounds; Language training is to let him use the pronunciation organs to form sounds and express his feelings and wishes, so as to achieve the purpose of listening, speaking and language communication to a certain extent. Therefore, hearing training and language training as soon as possible are the problems that these hearing-impaired children should pay attention to.
3. The inferiority complex of hearing-impaired children. Inferiority is a character defect, and the formation of a person's inferiority complex often comes from childhood, which will have a negative impact on people's physical and mental health. During my working days in Yimeng Rehabilitation Center, I found that all the children around me felt inferior. They are deaf due to various congenital or acquired reasons, so they can't hear. Their inferiority complex is usually characterized by timidity, panic, introversion, fear of making their own choices and unwillingness to communicate with others.
Suggestions and countermeasures
Develop the sense of touch, use intuitive demonstrations, and try to let children feel the standardized movement of the vocal organs. For example, it is difficult to distinguish deaf children by mouth shape or even modern language graphics and then master the pronunciation of "eat-demonstrate" or "next week-Asia". But let his hands or face touch the vibration and airflow of his throat and mouth when his mother pronounces, and he will master the essentials through intuition.
Use visual image teaching to see pictures, images, shadows in mirrors and audio objects.
Teaching subjects should be concrete before abstract, daily sentences should be taught first, and polite imperative sentences should be taught later.
Emphasize that the demonstration teaching of mouth shape does not keep a straight face, cover up the mouth shape and exaggerate the mouth shape. Encourage more and demonstrate more.
5. Encourage children with normal hearing to live together and strive for their natural induction.
To alleviate the inferiority complex of hearing-impaired children, we should:
Give love and praise to hearing-impaired children in time. Although their hearing is guaranteed, their feelings are the same as those of normal children, even more sensitive than normal children. Hearing-impaired children are eager to know what their teachers will say about what they have done through hard work. In order to satisfy the children's psychology, I usually observe carefully and praise the progressive behavior in time. The ways of praise must be rich. It can be an approving smile or a heartfelt compliment in the language. For example, when Xinxin makes progress, I will say "Xinxin, you are great"! And lead the whole class to say, "Xinxin, you are great!" It can be to stick a small five-pointed star on their small foreheads; It can be that they high-five and say "yeah"; It can also be a material reward. I found that after every such praise, these children can feel refreshed, stand up straight and raise their voices, which shows that in this process, children's self-confidence began to build.
Encourage children and praise yourself. Xinxin is a lively and cheerful little girl, but she shows fear and timidity in front of strangers. At the same time, I also found that she always chooses to sit in the back seat in class. In view of this phenomenon, I always arrange her to sit in the front seat and often ask her to answer simple questions in class. Sitting in the front can build self-confidence, and the correct answers to simple questions will make her feel outstanding. Over time, this behavior has become a habit, and inferiority has become self-confidence in a subtle way.
Foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. We should be good at discovering children's strengths and providing them with opportunities and conditions to give full play to their strengths. I usually pay great attention to let the children answer the questions they are good at, and if they get it right, let the children in the class applaud him. For example, although Tian Tian and Qiqi can't keep up with others in understanding or memory, they learn nursery rhymes very quickly and pronounce them clearly. So after learning nursery rhymes, I will let them stand up and show them and give them an affirmation in due course. Another example is Hao Hao, who can't compare with other children in sentence coherence, but he remembers word cards fastest and most accurately, so I will let him lead the children to read cards every morning. In this way, they will easily think that they are great and be concerned by their teachers.
Guiding children to face up to others' mental health development of hearing-impaired children is more susceptible to influence and interference than normal children. However, they have strong plasticity. I believe that the correct educational methods can help them prevent and overcome their inferiority complex. In the rehabilitation education of hearing-impaired children, our teachers must take love as a bridge, take various educational methods as a guide, attach importance to children's mental health while developing language, and support a beautiful blue sky for the future of hearing-impaired children.
() Shiyan Hongyan North Primary School
1. Basic information
Hongyanbei Primary School is located in Hongyanbei Forest Farm. There are 3 teachers and 7 students, and the youngest student is only 5 years old. Because it is located in the depths of the mountains, there are few vehicles entering and leaving, it is inconvenient to travel and there is a lack of teachers to give lectures. These students are mainly in contact with teachers. According to the teacher, the basic situation of these students is as follows:
Family status of poor students. Because their parents are away from home all the year round, separated from their parents for a long time, and lack communication with their parents, some poor students are weak, helpless, inferior and closed, and have serious rebellious psychology.
The family living environment of poor students. Generally speaking, the guardians of these students are mostly grandparents, grandparents or other close relatives, and it is more common to raise them in different generations.
The learning situation of poor students. According to the survey, the academic achievements of poor students are mostly in the middle and lower reaches, and few are excellent. Among them, 72.6% of the students have difficulties in learning, and they need counseling first. Only 18.7% of the students choose guardians or siblings to help them alone.
Psychological status of poor students. According to the survey, most children are introverted, withdrawn and stubborn, and have little contact with others. When I am unhappy, I will have some long thoughts, such as "I want to grow up early and be independent", "I want my parents to comfort me", "I don't think anyone cares about myself" and "I think others look down on me or I am inferior to others". Some even want to run away from home. Most of them are boys. Poor students are eager for their parents' care and social attention. They hope to have more spiritual exchanges with their parents. Some of them feel discriminated, lonely and pessimistic because their parents are not at home.
Family education for poor students. In the survey, it is found that the education level of guardians of poor students is generally low, and the primary school education level and illiteracy account for 60%. 49.5% of guardians' knowledge of educating their children comes from their own exploration, 33% from their elders, and only 3% from specialized family education training classes or parent schools. Nearly 30% of guardians rarely or never take the initiative to chat with their children. They are most concerned about study, followed by living conditions. Only 13% asked their own emotional problems.
Two. existing problems
Lack of family care, mental health problems. In the survey, these poor students are far away from their parents, lack of family care from their parents and complete families, and miss their parents very much. Because students have not been cared and educated by their parents for a long time, their inner emptiness has been affected in physical and mental health and study. With the growth of poor students' age, this lack of affection will lead to a deeper gap between them and their parents, which is not conducive to family harmony. It is also easy for students to have autism and depression, form introverted and withdrawn characters, and even produce deviations in understanding and values, and abnormal personality and psychological development.
The lack of family education affects students' moral character and learning development. According to the survey, more than 60% of the students whose parents go out to work are supervised by other generations. Because of the generation gap, children are spoiled or overly tolerant, and family education cannot be carried out correctly, which is unfavorable to the improvement of children's academic performance and the healthy growth of body and mind. The lack of supervision and family education in learning makes students lack initiative and enthusiasm in learning, and it is difficult to form good study habits and conduct.
The level of health care and quality of life have declined. Due to the limited medical and health conditions in rural areas or urban-rural fringe, guardians do not pay enough attention to children's health care and safety, which affects the healthy growth of students. Children are entrusted to grandparents or relatives, neighbors, friends and so on to help take care of them. After they left their parents, their daily lives such as diet, nutrition and living arrangements were seriously affected. Some students have a gap in height and weight with their peers, and some have long-term malnutrition; Some students have bad hygiene habits, which often lead to colds, dental caries, roundworms and other diseases.
4. Lack of supervision, weak safety awareness and legal awareness. Due to the absence of parents and the lack of supervision ability of guardians, many students lack a sense of security, safety awareness and legal awareness, and there are many security risks in their lives.
3. Cause analysis
The dual structure of urban and rural areas leads to parents going out to work and children staying behind. Shiyan is the starting point of 670,000 migrant workers. The heavy responsibility of supporting the family and the trend of making a living in different places make them resolutely choose to go out to work. At the same time, the high cost of living in the city, such as borrowing fees, cross-film fees, rent, etc., makes it difficult for children to follow their working parents to study in the city. 2. Parents' understanding of economic income and children's education is unbalanced. The first consideration for farmers to go out to work is to solve the problems of survival and life. They don't pay enough attention to children's education. They think it's enough to eat and wear warm clothes, and nothing else matters. The guardian's concern for children's education is limited to letting children finish their homework, and family education is basically in a blank state, and it is impossible to give children full care and guidance mentally, psychologically and physically.
Rural schools lack psychology courses. Due to the constraints of educational concepts, school conditions and teachers, rural schools rarely offer special psychology courses, and there are basically no psychological teachers, and students urgently need education, such as psychological education, safety education and legal education.
Suggestions and countermeasures
1) Parents should be helped to change their ideas and pay attention to their children's all-round and healthy development. Keep close contact and communication with children as much as possible. If possible, you can take your children to school in the workplace to create conditions for their healthy growth. If you can't take the child with you for a while, you should look for the child's guardian from the perspective of the child's growth needs, earnestly implement the custody of the child, and create more time to talk and communicate with the child.
2) Vigorously develop county economy, promote industrial development and increase farmers' employment. Many farmers go out to work in order to earn more money, but the locals have to go out to work and have no jobs to make money for their employment. Therefore, only by vigorously developing industries in line with local conditions can we provide migrant workers with opportunities to develop their abilities and increase their income. This can not only transfer rural surplus labor nearby, increase farmers' cash income, but also reduce the number of students from the source.
3) Increase the support of the government and all sectors of society. Incorporate rural student work into new rural construction, local economic and social development planning and work planning of various departments. It is necessary to combine the work of rural students with the implementation of children's development plans by governments at all levels. Take the work of rural students as an important part of promoting the overall planning of urban and rural areas and the harmonious development of society, take the government as the leading factor, mobilize social forces, and promote the improvement and development of rural students' living conditions. It is necessary to set up a specialized agency with working funds and a long-term mechanism. The lead departments and member units should perform their respective duties and cooperate with each other to promote the continuous and effective development of the work.
(3) Shiyan zhangwan district Welfare Institute
1. Basic information
Zhangwan district Guo Hua Street Welfare Home is a comprehensive welfare home, covering an area of 10 mu, with a total construction area of 180 square meters and beds of 120. Due to the imperfect facilities, only 68 elderly people were adopted. The occupancy rate is 50.7%. At present, there are five managers in the welfare home. People who apply to live in zhangwan district Welfare Institute are far from meeting their needs. Judging from this set of data, both the construction of facilities and equipment and the allocation of managers are far from the actual needs, and there is still a long way to go to ensure the life of all objects and the quality of life of the elderly and children.
exist problem
1) is the imperfection of social welfare facilities and systems. At present, the street "three noes" are only included in the management category and the rescue object. For the management of empty nesters, the provision of service conditions and the establishment of service projects are almost blank, that is to say, in some landmark places in society, the viability is also very fragile, because there is no special person to manage, no financial support, and no one to plan and develop. What vitality can it have? We can only let it die.
2) Insufficient capital investment has limited the development of social welfare undertakings. At present, a welfare home with a certain scale is Chengguan Nursing Home, which was taken over by the Civil Affairs Bureau in 2007. Not only is it small in scale, with few beds and imperfect service facilities, it can't meet the needs of the "three noes" and orphans in Chengguan District to move in for further development, but it also has no funds.
3) The standard of support is low and life cannot be improved. The living facilities are not matched and the conditions are poor, which makes people uneasy to stay, and those who have not stayed are not willing to come. The living expenses of 300 yuan include food and clothing. How can he live with three illnesses and two pains?
4) Lack of management and poor service awareness. According to the regulations, there are very few managers, and it is difficult to implement the treatment of managers. Therefore, managers cannot be fixed. They fished for three days and dried their nets for two days, and they went in and out frequently. Sometimes it is common to change it several times a year, not to mention management measures and methods.
Specific analysis
During the visit, the author also noticed that no matter the five-guarantee elderly, managers or local administrative leaders, their comments were mixed, because they were helpless because they thanked the party and the government. The reasons are analyzed from the following aspects.
1) is to implement the party's policy of ensuring the life of the elderly. According to the data of the Minimum Living Security Bureau, the residents of Guo Hua Street Welfare Institute receive 300 yuan per month, the five-guarantee households and orphans scattered in the community receive 300 yuan per month, rural nursing homes receive 200 yuan per month, and rural scattered families receive 100 yuan per month. Judging from the four standards of these four objects, the standards of Guo Hua street welfare homes are obviously very low, and the quality of life is definitely the worst. Because people who go to Chengguan Welfare Institute generally have poor self-care ability, and there are no conditions for relatives and neighbors to help them, they rely entirely on 300 yuan's funds every month to pay for living expenses, utilities, medical expenses and various small expenses, so there are great problems in life. The survey shows that the other three subjects are more comfortable, happy and happy compared with their peers and people around them. Sanchahe Nursing Home is a relatively large-scale nursing home. They are organized, have a division of labor, have a plan, live and entertain in an orderly way, and live with relish.
2) Improve the management system and strengthen the management responsibility. All towns and villages register the elderly who are lonely, orphans and empty nesters in the county and visit them regularly. Villages and neighborhood committees arrange special personnel to be responsible for this work, so that someone is in charge at ordinary times and someone is in charge of something. Now, from daily life to the distribution of living materials, it is implemented by special personnel. Street civil affairs assistants visit nursing homes once a week to help solve problems as much as possible according to actual needs. They lived in the yard and enjoyed the happiness of their old age. When they visit them, they always say with one voice, thanks to the * * * production party and the people's government.
3) According to local conditions, the living environment of the five-guarantee elderly has been improved. Where there are township and village nursing homes, conditions will be created if conditions are not available, and the surrounding people will be mobilized to help and raise small funds if there is no funds. Therefore, whether it is a street nursing home or a five-guarantee household, there are five things: managers, vegetable fields, fish ponds, entertainment equipment and reading rooms. One-on-one supervision of elderly people living alone and scattered. In case of Chinese New Year, the guardian receives his family and enjoys family happiness.
Suggestions and countermeasures
Judging from the current situation, how to develop welfare undertakings in a healthy and orderly manner and provide necessary living conditions for vulnerable groups is a difficult problem for all levels and departments. I think it is obviously unrealistic and impossible to run welfare undertakings with funds from higher authorities. Because of financial difficulties at the same level, there is no money to invest in welfare undertakings. But what if welfare needs money? The cause should also develop healthily. Can we make efforts to promote the development of welfare undertakings from the following aspects?
1) Raise funds for hardware construction through multiple channels. First, according to the funds required by the local population budget and fiscal revenue, all levels set aside a certain amount of funds to set up a special fund for welfare undertakings, which will be allocated for use when conditions are ripe; Second, people who enjoy the financial salary will make a routine donation once a year, even if it is 30-50 yuan, it will become the norm; The third is to mobilize the owners of large-scale operations to make pre-tax donations or donations; Fourth, local governments allocate land for the construction of welfare facilities free of charge; Fifth, the construction fee of welfare facilities will be reduced and exempted, and tax-free construction will be implemented for project construction.
2) Cultivate talents specialized in welfare undertakings. Civil affairs departments at all levels arrange training programs to improve service skills; Relevant functional departments should give the welfare department a green light to select and employ people, solve the salary of the employed personnel and reduce the service cost. Encourage volunteers to serve "China Inspirational Network" and provide necessary conditions for volunteer service.
3) Improve the living standards of "three noes", widows and orphans. With the adjustment of workers' wages and the increase of retirees' retirement fees, the living standards of the "three noes" and the lonely elderly should also be considered to be improved.
4) Encourage the rich to invest in welfare undertakings, build apartments for the elderly and implement paid services. At present, there is a big market for setting up apartments for the elderly. As long as the government supports and charges reasonably, there should be great consumption potential. It is necessary to enrich the lives of the elderly and meet the upcoming elderly society.
5) With regard to all aspects of welfare undertakings, the relevant state departments have issued some policies to arouse social concern and promote the orderly development of welfare undertakings. This is a top priority, a need of the country, the people and the society.
harvest
The short ten-day summer social practice is over, but we have gained a lot in the specific practice process. The artistic dream tour has enhanced the social consciousness and dedication of our volunteers and brought care to the children. The trip to Hongyan Back made us more truly understand the study and life of children in poor areas. Comfort from welfare homes helps us know more about the elderly and teaches us to care more about them. Although our strength is very small, we hope that through our activities, more people will join us, help those who are in a weak position in society and pass on the positive energy of our youth!