The history of China's civilization is more than 5,000 years, and the Three Kingdoms period is a very short but wonderful period. Historians believe that the Three Kingdoms period lasted only 45 years from Cao Wei replacing the Han Dynasty to Sima Shi replacing Wei to establish the Jin Dynasty, that is, 220-265 AD. Generally speaking, it should be nearly a hundred years from the yellow turban insurrectionary peasant uprising at the end of Han Dynasty to the return of the three clans to Jin (A.D. 184-280). The Three Kingdoms period was named after three local governments on the land of China at that time. These three regimes are: Wei, established by Cao Cao and his son Cao Pi, occupies a large area of land in the Yellow River basin, with Luoyang as its capital; The State of Wu established by Sun Quan occupies the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with Nanjing as its capital. The Shu State established by Liu Bei occupied Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places, with Chengdu as its capital.

Wuhou Temple is the ancestral temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. Chengdu Wuhou Temple is a national key cultural relic protection unit, a national aaaa-level tourist attraction and a national first-class museum. Zhuge Liang was a marquis of Wuxiang before his death, but he was loyal to Wuhou after his death. Later generations respectfully called him Wuhou.

When Wuhou Temple was built, there is no data to test. However, judging from the description in Du Fu's poem "Shuxiang" that "where is the Hall of Famous Images, in a deep pine forest near Silk City", Wuhou Temple was built as early as the Tang Dynasty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were Wuhou Temple and Liubei Temple respectively. In the early Ming Dynasty, the temples were merged into one; At the end of the Ming Dynasty, temples were destroyed by war. The Temple of Wuhou, which we see today, was rebuilt on the old site in the 11th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1672). The horizontal plaque of "Han Zhaolie Temple" hangs at the gate. Han, the country name of Liu Bei's regime, was called "Shu Han" in history. Zhaolie is a popular name after Liu Bei's death. The plaque shows that this is a temple dedicated to Liu Bei, the emperor of Shu. In that case, why do people call it Wuhou Temple? A poem by Zou Lu in the Republic of China tells the reason: "Zhaolie Temple, Big Ben, is the Temple of Wuhou. From fame to loss of merit, the prime minister has made great achievements for hundreds of generations. " In other words, because of Zhuge Liang's great historical achievements, his prestige in the hearts of the people surpassed that of Liu Bei, and people ignored the etiquette of respecting the monarch and the original name of the temple.

As can be seen from the brief introduction and plan sketch on the left side of the gate, Wuhou Temple is hidden in dense cypress trees, and the hall sits north to south, arranged on a central axis, with five floors: the gate, the second gate, the Liu Bei Hall, the Guo Hall and the Zhuge Liang Hall, and the Liu Bei cemetery is on the west side. There are 47 clay sculptures of historical figures in Shu and Han dynasties, more than 50 steles, more than 60 plaques, and more than 0/0 pieces of ding, furnace, bell and drum. So to be exact, Wuhou Temple should be called Shu Memorial Hall. This is a museum that studies the history of Shu and Han.

Famous inscription

There are six tall stone tablets on both sides of the road from the north gate to the second gate. Among them, Sitong was carved in Qing Dynasty, one in Ming Dynasty and one in Tang Dynasty. The Qing tablet records the reconstruction and maintenance of the temple; Ming monuments focus on the historical evolution of temples. Among them, this monument is the most famous, known as the "Three Wonders Monument", with a height of 3.67 meters. Engraved in the 4th year of Yuanhe (8XX AD), Wu led 27 people appointed by Jiannan Xichuan to visit Zhuge Liang in Wuhou Temple. This article, written by Pei Du, highly praised Zhuge Liang's martial arts in governing Shu, highly praised his spirit of single-minded struggle for national reunification, and compared him with Guan Zhong, Man Ying, Xiao He and Sean of the previous generation. Pei Du is a literary talent and served as the prime minister of three dynasties. Liu Gongchu's calligraphy is very beautiful, and he is the younger brother of Liu Gongquan, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. Carved by the famous craftsman LuJian. Therefore, since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, this monument has been known as the "Three Wonders Monument" because of its exquisite calligraphy and Zhuge Liang's outstanding achievements.

Liubeidian

Inside the second door of Liu Beidian is Liu Beidian, the emperor of Shu Han Dynasty. There is a gold-plated clay sculpture of Liu Bei in the center of the hall, and there are two corridors connecting Guan Yu and Zhang Fei on both sides of the hall, which are colored sculptures of 28 civil servants and military commanders in Shu. The statue of Liu Bei is 3 meters high, wearing a balance, wearing a yellow robe and holding a jade jade to the sky. His face is wide and his ears are big, and his expression is quiet. Left and right waiters, a jade seal and a sword.

Liu Bei (161-223) was born in Zhuozhou, Hebei. At the age of 24, he called Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others to take part in suppressing the peasant uprising in the Yellow Scarf, and later it grew stronger in the warlord melee. Due to the lack of advisers, he was repeatedly frustrated and displaced in the melee of warlords, and successively attached himself to Lu Bu, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao and Liu Biao. He visited the thatched cottage and worshipped Zhuge Liang as his strategist. Only after the Chibi War did his power develop. Liu Bei is ambitious, loyal and generous. After more than 20 years of hard fighting, Yizhou was finally occupied in 22 1 year and became the emperor in Chengdu. Soon, in order to recapture Jingzhou and avenge Guan Yu, he attacked Wu. As a result, Liu Bei was burned by Lu Xun of the State of Wu and suffered a crushing defeat. Died of shame in Baidicheng (Fengjie). On his deathbed, he entrusted his youngest son (nicknamed Dou) and state affairs to Zhuge Liang, who was called "the orphan of Baidicheng" in history. On the east side of the statue of Liu Bei is the statue of Liu Chen, the grandson of Liu Bei. Liu Chen is the fifth son of Liu Chan. He is the king of the north. When Wei's army advanced to Chengdu, he protested to his father and fought with him to the end. But Liu Chan wouldn't listen. He was so angry that he went to the ancestral temple and cried, then killed his wife and committed suicide. His spirit of dying for his country is praised by later generations. On the west side of the statue of Liu Bei, the original statue of Liu Chan surrendered to Wei because it could not keep his father's business. When you are a happy duke, you are "happy" and don't know the shame of national subjugation. In the Song Dynasty, his statue was destroyed and never molded again.