It is an argumentative essay written by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Although the full text is not long, it has profound implications, distinct arguments, rigorous structure, thorough reasoning and strong persuasiveness and appeal.
The full text (excerpt) is as follows:
Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
The translation is as follows:
A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius studied under Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. These people are not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said, "When several people walk together, one of them can be my teacher." Therefore, students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily more talented than students. They have heard about it early and heard about it late, and their knowledge and skills have their own specialties. That's all.
Extended data:
So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Comments: This sentence is a logical conclusion after theoretical argumentation with the role of the teacher and factual argumentation with Confucius' words and deeds. This conclusion is a deepening of "the existence of Tao, the existence of teacher" and a further criticism of literati's shame in following the teacher.
It shows that the relationship between teachers and students is relative and that teaching and learning can learn from each other. This sentence is derived from "exactly so" and ends with "exactly so", which simplifies the complex and shows profound insight and foresight.
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