Discussion on subway safety management
Firstly, this paper expounds the author's basic understanding of subway operation safety, and thinks that accidents can be prevented and safety can be controlled. Then it expounds the main problems of operational safety in the initial stage of operation and the methods to ensure safe operation in the initial stage of operation.
Keywords: safety management in the early stage of subway operation
China Library Classification Number: U23 1 Document Identification Number: A.
Operational safety has always been highly valued by subway units, and a series of rules, regulations and control measures have been formulated. There are many problems involved in subway risk, which require not only basic knowledge of machinery, electric power, electronics, automation and construction, but also professional knowledge of subway vehicles, power supply, communication signals, environmental control and fire fighting. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the risk control theory of system theory to enhance the subway's ability to resist risks. The submission process of risk source search can be carried out from bottom to top. The superior department defines the specific search method and scope of the risk source, and then from the bottom up, from each professional room to the department, and then to the company's safety and quality management department, it is responsible at all levels.
First, the basic understanding of subway operation safety
Subway is a huge and complicated system. ? Safety first, prevention first? Although these eight words are familiar to us, it is not easy to really implement them in practical work. How to understand the characteristics of subway safe operation and the methods to prevent accidents from theory and practice is not only an important task of our safety management, but also the key to ensure safe operation.
Basic concepts of safety and accidents.
The essential meaning of safety should include prediction, prediction, analysis, restriction, control and elimination of danger. Safety is an instinctive need of human beings. Maslow's theory holds that when people's basic physiological needs are relatively met, there is a demand for safety. Security is an important principle and goal of human survival and development activities.
2. Accidents can be prevented and safety can be controlled.
From the viewpoint of system theory, many factors affecting safety can be attributed to human, machine, environment and management. As early as the end of the 1940s, T.P.Wright of Cornell University in the United States proposed to classify people, machines and environment, which was a rational model to test the cause of accidents and accident prevention mechanism. Then, how to improve the security state or improve the reliability of the system through management in practical work? This is an important issue that needs our theoretical and practical discussion.
First of all, accidents have a causal relationship, that is, relevance. We can summarize the causal relationship of accidents through theoretical and practical analysis, and regularly check and analyze the causes of accidents in the analysis system, that is, check and analyze the hidden dangers in people, machines and environment.
Secondly, generally speaking, subway accidents are not caused by a single factor, but by a combination of certain conditions. Therefore, although there are various hidden dangers in the system, as long as we can identify and cut off the combination of related conditions, some accidents will not happen. A full understanding of this feature will help us to determine the priority of accident prevention and carry out our work.
Second, the main problems of operational safety in the initial stage of operation
With the rapid development of urban rail transit construction in China, there are many problems and security risks in operation and management due to short development history and lack of experience. Tianjin Metro 1 Line has been in operation for more than 8 years, while Lines 2 and 3 are still in the initial stage of operation, and many lines will be opened in the next decade. The safety problems faced by subway operation management in the initial stage of operation are as follows:
1. There is a disconnect between construction and operation.
Urban rail transit should do a good job in safety management from the whole process of preliminary demonstration, planning, design, construction and operation. At present, the planning, design, construction and operation of urban rail transit in China are out of touch with each other, which leads to some security risks in the final operation, such as incomplete functions of field execution equipment and inability to realize system linkage function.
2. Safety management regulations need to be improved.
The laws and regulations of subway safety management are the basis of realizing the legalization and standardization of subway construction, operation and management, and also the basis of realizing the safe, healthy and sustainable development of subway. In the national railway with a long history and rich experience, the Ministry of Railways has formulated a set of perfect technical regulations, administrative regulations and other rules and regulations, and the railway bureaus and stations have also formulated perfect rules and regulations according to their respective conditions.
3. Safety management institutions need to be improved.
In the initial stage of operation, the main production work of the subway operation company involves subway construction, staff training and regulation-making, so the safety management organization is basically established for this purpose. After the operation, the focus of safety management must be transferred to the production line. Therefore, how to establish an effective safety management organization, make the operation safety management horizontal to the edge and vertical to the end, and ensure the smooth development of safety work is an urgent problem for the operation branch.
4. The safety awareness of passengers needs to be improved.
The safety of subway operation is directly related to the personal safety and property safety of passengers, and is closely related to the vital interests of the broad masses of the people. In order to realize the safe and orderly subway operation, it is also essential to improve the safety awareness of passengers on the basis of strengthening the safety management of employees. The subway is still a new thing for most citizens in Tianjin, so how to help citizens understand the subway as soon as possible, improve passengers' safety awareness and ensure the safety of subway operation is an urgent problem for operating companies.
5. New equipment
Although most of Metro Lines 2 and 3 are safe and reliable, the equipment failure rate is high in the initial stage of operation. Due to the tight construction period, new equipment, short running-in time and short equipment debugging time, the operation safety is seriously threatened.
6. New employees
Because the subway is a new industry, few people have experience in the initial operation of the subway company. Most of them are newly graduated college students, and a few are employees with railway experience, so they are facing serious problems in their initial operation. New personnel? problem
Third, the method to ensure safe operation in the initial stage of operation.
1. Adhere to the people-oriented principle and improve the comprehensive quality of employees.
Employees are the main body of enterprises, and the business behavior of enterprises is the reflection of employees' activities, and the construction of corporate culture is reflected by employees' behavior. It can be said that the quality of employees determines the operating results of enterprises, and improving the quality of employees is the basis for doing a good job in corporate culture construction. Because improving the moral quality of employees is the key for enterprises to establish a good image; Improving cultural quality is the fundamental guarantee to promote enterprise development; improving technical quality is the driving force to promote enterprise development.
2. Strengthen the guarantee of operating facilities and equipment to ensure good operation.
The daily management and maintenance of technical equipment directly affects the safety and reliability of system operation. Urban rail transit system includes the following main equipment: lines and stations, vehicles and depots, communication signals, power supply, environmental control facilities, fire-fighting facilities and fare collection and other equipment. Although these facilities and equipment adopt high reliability standards, and the software and hardware systems of train operation control also adopt redundant design to enhance the reliability of the system, it is still difficult to ensure that the operating facilities and equipment will not fail under the interference of long-term complex and changeable external factors, so random failures are inevitable in the actual operation of the system. In order to reduce the failure rate, we must do a good job in the daily maintenance and management of various facilities and equipment of the system, solve problems as soon as possible when they are found, eliminate hidden troubles to the maximum extent, and ensure the safe and efficient operation of the rail transit system.
3. Improve the working environment, create a good atmosphere and reduce the environmental impact.
Many internal and external environmental factors directly or indirectly affect our safe operation. Therefore, we must attach importance to environmental improvement. As the operators and users of rail transit, rail transit practitioners and passengers will have an impact on the safe operation of rail transit.
Four summaries
On the one hand, as a subway operation manager, we should create a good safety culture and improve the internal environment for safe operation. The problem to be solved in safety culture is to form a kind of * * * knowledge, to ensure the work (labor) efficiency and safety factor to the maximum extent within the critical point, that is, to form a * * * consistent value orientation and code of conduct in the process of avoiding personal and non-personal accidents as much as possible. For an enterprise, any policies, systems, mechanisms, measures and methods to avoid personal and non-personal accidents are recognized by all employees, which is the purpose and function of enterprise safety culture. Caught in the process of enterprise production? People? Safety work will be solved, and safety culture is an important guarantee to solve this problem.
On the other hand, as passengers, we should master the relevant knowledge of safe and civilized use of rail transit, consciously and standardize the use of rail transit, and improve the good external environment for the safe operation of the subway. Because the quality of passengers has a great influence on the safety of rail transit, many accidents are caused by passengers not obeying the rules of riding. For example, on the evening of February 4, 200 1, 65438, a woman was waiting at the platform of Beijing subway 1. When the bus entered the platform, she was pushed off the platform by the crowd and killed by the train on the spot. For another example, in May, 1999, Belarus, 54 passengers were trampled to death in the subway station because of too many people, chaos and congestion. Because most lines of Tianjin subway are still in the initial stage of opening, we must face it? New passenger? Therefore, it is more important to strengthen the education of passengers' safe and civilized use of rail transit.
refer to
[1] Textbook on Quality and Safety Training of Metro Engineering Supervision compiled by China Engineering Consulting Association, Textbook on Quality and Safety Training of Metro Engineering Supervision, Intellectual Property Press, 2009.
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