First, how to write a literary paper?
(1) Materials, opinions and words
Materials are the basis of writing a good paper, thoughts are the soul of the paper, and words are the external expression of the paper. Materials and ideas are the content of the paper, and words are the form of the paper. Form is the expression of content, and content should be expressed through form. The perfect combination of the three is the unity of content and form.
The materials come from experiments. The quality of design directly affects the efficiency and quality of material acquisition. The whole paper consists of several work units, and each work unit is accumulated from each experimental material. Therefore, we should be kind to daily experiments. We should consider the possible position of these data in future papers when we work every day, and carefully collect and save every image record. The materials should be true and reliable, and the data should be sufficient. If there is any abnormality, it should be analyzed and handled in time to ensure the credibility of the obtained results.
Views should be clear, objective and dialectical. Don't and can't avoid different opinions. There are opinions everywhere from the topic to the conclusion, so opinions are the soul of the paper and run through it. When discussing opinions, don't argue irrationally, don't justify yourself, and try to avoid one-sidedness, subjectivity and randomness. Compare the viewpoints in domestic and foreign literatures, and also compare the past viewpoints of our own laboratory. Analyze similarities and differences in comparison.
The text of the paper should be natural and smooth, "words without words can't be far away", but it can't be gorgeous, with the purpose of "writing carries the Tao". The narrative of the paper should be logical, clear, simple, true and appropriate.
(2) Preparation and writing
The key to writing a thesis is preparation. People who can write papers generally have three steps. Before writing a paper, they should think carefully and have a global concept. Fully lay a good paper, start writing, and do it in one go; After writing the first draft of the paper, leave it for a period of time, read and practice repeatedly.
The person who can't write a paper has an empty stomach, a messy brain and a heavy pen. They pick up the pen and write, and then they stop writing a few times. They stop writing, stop writing. Sometimes they look for information, sometimes they look it up, and sometimes they make experiments. Sometimes they tear off a page, and sometimes they copy a few words. Sometimes I sigh, scratch my head, touch my ears, bite my pen and take square steps.
1. Short-term preparation (when writing) refers to the preparation from the end of the experiment to the beginning of writing a paper. You have to collect all the data, process the data, prepare charts and complete statistical processing. Then make a good draft of the paper, list the outline of the paper, and clarify the basic points and main conclusions. Discuss with teachers and collaborators to gain knowledge. After careful consideration, it can be achieved in one go. Among them,
2. People who are preparing to write a thesis in the middle (while doing it) will not consider writing a thesis until they finish the experiment, but will consider writing a thesis during the whole process of research work. The "title" and "introduction" of the paper are the condensation of various ideas in the process of argumentation. "Materials and methods" are formed when looking for methods and construction methods. When writing a paper, you just need to describe it truthfully. The "experimental results" are accumulated and sorted out in the process of experimental design, experimental operation, stage induction and data collation. "Discussion" is a summary of the usual thinking, frequent discussion with people around, consulting and analyzing literature, etc. It is to express several main points in the form of discussion. "Conclusion" only needs to summarize the final result. Therefore, people who can write papers are constantly forming the final papers in the whole process of doing research. This whole process is the mid-term preparation of the thesis. It can be seen that the mid-term preparation starts from the beginning of the topic and ends at the end of the topic. The end of the topic is the time for the mid-term preparation of the paper.
3. Long-term preparation (class hours) If you only focus on the short-term preparation and medium-term preparation of the paper, you often can't write an excellent paper, which depends on the author's long-term preparation, that is, the basic preparation in the learning stage. This preparation refers to the mastery of research trends, the accumulation of professional foundation and the overall level of logical thinking, written expression, analysis and synthesis.
This can never be done overnight, but the lifelong accumulation of training. That's why I emphasize "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "I want to learn poetry, and my kung fu is above poetry". These usual accumulated efforts determine the writing level of the author's thesis, and the writing level of the thesis affects the spread of the thesis. This ability is not improved by using it, but requires the author's efforts from an early age.
(3) Review and revision
After writing the manuscript in one breath, you have to revise it repeatedly. Not only do you have to rehearse it repeatedly, but also ask relevant personnel to give their opinions. Finally, you should ask the relevant experts to review it through the editorial department. When revising a paper, all the problems that belong to the writing norms and length should be revised according to the requirements of publication. As the author of the paper, I certainly cherish the experimental data I have worked so hard to obtain, and I always hope to express it as much as possible in the paper. But outsiders are well aware of the reviewers of this paper. Often put forward some suggestions for merger or deletion. At this time, the author should calmly consider whether the paper should be included or not. Only by "cutting down the complexity and simplifying the Sanqiu tree" can "February Flower" be "led by innovation".
Reviewers of papers often give their views on opinions. It is necessary to examine them carefully and decide whether to adopt or modify them. After all, the author of the paper has had long-term practice and thinking about his work, and gradually formed his own opinions. It should be said that these opinions are quite well founded.
As long as it is reasonable and well-founded, you can explain the reviewer's point of view and keep your own point of view. But sometimes the author of the paper will be stuck in the corner and his ideas will become more and more confused. It is also true that the reviewers of the paper point out the problems in the arguments and viewpoints of the paper from a higher angle. At this point, the author of the paper should seriously think about the essence of the opinion, adjust the train of thought, scrutinize it repeatedly and decide the choice. He is neither stubborn nor opinionated.
Some papers have little opinion after review, so they can be published with a little modification. Some papers can only be published after major changes. Some papers even think that the basic facts are unreliable or the basic viewpoints are wrong, so they cannot be published. The author of the paper should calmly analyze these opinions and handle them properly. We must adhere to a scientific and realistic attitude in everything. If he confirms that the results and opinions are correct, he can change to another journal after the paper is rejected. At the same time, he can't submit two manuscripts at the same time.
Second, the writing process of literary papers
(1) Write the first draft
Before the first draft is written, it should be deeply conceived and brewed for a long time. You should know the length and capacity, theme, structure, presentation method, expression form, such as how to start and end, and how to explain the important paragraphs and main parts of the text.
1) Conditions for writing the first draft
1, the topic has been determined, and enough information has been collected around the topic.
2. By reading the materials, the thesis's arguments and research methods are determined.
3. Through reading and thinking about the reference materials, I have a clear understanding of the layout and structure of the paper, and have drawn up the outline of the paper.
2) Writing order
1. Let's start with the introduction. Recommended.
2. Start with this theory.
3) Writing style
1. Deliberating and making the first draft in one go. Concentrate your main energy and seize your inspiration; Around the main clues, the details don't have to be entangled; The pen is loyal to the horse, and the length is not limited; Write down relevant associations and strive for one go; Fill in the omissions in time and tidy up the format a little.
2. Consider the mature part, complete a part, and write the first draft in sections.
IV) Matters needing attention
1, try to write out your own ideas (spring thinking method)
2. Try to maintain the balance and continuity of all chapters, sections, articles, paragraphs, items and paragraphs (taking into account the balance of forms, paragraphs should not be too long or too short).
3. Pay attention to adjust the outline according to the needs of writing progress (avoid drawing the ground as a prison)
4. Add notes and page numbers when writing (to avoid duplication of work)
5. If there is any difficulty, write it on the card in time and leave it to the centralized reference book (centralized memorandum).
6. Keep a good writing state at any time, maintain a high degree of concentration, and don't interrupt writing because of interference.
(2) Modify the final version
Careful scrutiny, repeated revisions, and strive for perfection.
The above is "How to write a literary paper?" I hope it will be helpful for you to write a literary paper.