1900, Max Karl ernst ludwig Planck published a paper on blackbody radiation, in which he put forward the "quantum" hypothesis. Physicists began to study "quantum". Many physicists who made outstanding contributions to quantum mechanics emerged in the 1920s. They study "quantum behavior" through experiments and calculations. The most representative ones are Erwin Schr?dinger and Werner Heisenberg.

Irving Schrodinger (Irving Schrodinger? Dinger), Austrian physicist, one of the founders of quantum mechanics. Wave mechanics was established in 1925. A mathematical analysis of electronic behavior based on de Broglie's material wave model was proposed, and the wave functions of each electron were described. The equation followed by the wave functions was named Schrodinger equation.

Root cause: I don't agree to explain quantum behavior by statistical or probabilistic methods, and I can't accept Copenhagen explanation.

Around the incident of cat abuse, I arranged a timeline of time (the timeline can let us see the cause and effect of things more quickly ~).

Schrodinger put forward "wave mechanics" in 1925, and summed up the "Schrodinger equation". Assuming that electrons are waves around the nucleus, the behavior of electrons is analyzed mathematically, and the wave functions of each electron are described as different. He described the wave function from three properties:

1, and the orbital name indicates the energy level of the particle wave;

2, the shape of the track, spherical or other;

3. The inclination of the orbit determines the magnetic distance from the electron to the Z axis.

We can simply understand Schrodinger's understanding of quantum motion as follows: 1, continuous orbital trajectory; 2. Energy is one of the limiting conditions of motion trajectory.

Two years after the publication of "Wave Mechanics", Niels niels bohr and Werner Karl Heisenberg jointly put forward "Gebenhaas Interpretation" in 1927, which expanded the probability expression of wave function proposed by Max Born and later developed into "uncertainty". Gerben Haas's explanation contains several points:

1, the quantum state of quantum system can be completely expressed by wave function. The wave function represents all the information about the quantum system that the observer knows;

2. According to Born rule, the description of quantum system is probabilistic. The probability of time is the absolute square of wave function.

3. The uncertainty principle points out that in a quantum system, the position and momentum of particles cannot be determined at the same time.

4. Matter has wave-particle duality; According to the principle of complementarity, an experiment can show the particle behavior or wave behavior of a substance, but not both at the same time.

5. The measuring instrument is a classic instrument, which can only measure classic substances, such as position, momentum and so on.

6. Correspondence principle: The quantum physical behavior of large-scale macroscopic systems should be close to classical behavior.

According to the elaboration of important viewpoints, we can find the contradiction between Goldenhas's explanation and wave mechanics: Goldenhas's explanation thinks that the motion of particles is uncertain, and according to the probability distribution, he thinks that the wave function tells us the possibility that particles will be in a certain state in the future.

Max Born then proposed wave function collapse, and thought that 1 and the position of electrons could be measured directly. 2. The measured particles will be entangled with the particles of the equipment and cannot be described by wave function.

Therefore, based on the Copenhagen explanation, which was recognized by most physicists, and did not agree to explain quantum behavior with statistics and probability, Schrodinger began to abuse cats.

Based on the suspicion of Geben Haas' explanation, Albert Einstein, Boris Podolski and Nathan Rosen published a paper entitled "Can the quantum mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?" in 1935, and put forward an important early criticism of Geben Haas' explanation of quantum mechanics-"ERP paradox" in the form of paradox. In this paper, the related physical behaviors of two quantum entangled particles are tested by designing thought experiments, and the contradiction between localized realism and the completeness of quantum mechanics is highlighted (Bell theorem was put forward by john bell in 1964, which proves that localized realism is not valid).

EPR paradox highlights the peculiar nature of quantum entanglement: assuming that two quantum systems interact and then separate from each other, but neither of them is in a certain state, their quantum states will be superimposed, and the quantum state formed by * * * has the characteristics of quantum entanglement. According to Copenhagen's explanation, when any system is measured, the entangled quantum states of the two systems will collapse into a definite state.

In the same year, Schrodinger put forward a thought experiment to supplement EPR paradox, trying to describe the behavior of microscopic particles from a macro perspective through statistics and probability: suppose a cat is kept in a closed container with a Geiger counter and a very small amount of radioactive substances. The probability of atomic decay of radioactive materials within one hour is 50%, and the probability of non-decay is 50%. If a decay event occurs, the counter will discharge and start the hammer through the relay to break the flask containing hydrogen cyanide. The volatilization of hydrogen cyanide will poison cats 100%.

According to Gerben Haas, the thought experiment of "Schrodinger's cat" will be interpreted as: when the box is still closed, the cat in the box is in a vague state of life and death superposition. Open the container to observe and decide whether the cat is dead or alive. When the hesitation time is over, the state of the cat will not change.

Schrodinger demonstrated the extraordinary knowledge and understanding of quantum mechanics on the world of microscopic particles through thought experiments, and changed the microscopic uncertainty principle into the macroscopic uncertainty principle. The objective law is not to be transferred by human will, and the life and death of cats violate logical thinking.

Follow up? Stop talking. The story changed from "exploration and discovery" to a story of revenge and counterattack. However, it is undeniable that excellent physicists have found problems and constantly revised them in doubt, which has greatly promoted the research pace of quantum mechanics. Later, Glibin's multi-world explanation and quantum coherence appeared, which continuously supplemented the theory of quantum mechanics. By the way, although Heisenberg and Schrodinger have their own opinions, the discussion and experimental results are correct.

As for Schrodinger's cat, people have gradually changed from the experiment of physical thought to a word with multiple constraints. In Bigbang, Sheldon even uses Schrodinger's cat to describe the emotional state of Penny and Leonard, which is a superposition of 50% good and 50% bad. As long as the ambiguous state changes, you can decide whether it is suitable for communication.

As for someone asking why it is a cat and not a dog. ...

The above content refers to the compilation and compilation of network materials such as Wikipedia.

Some of the contents are based on subjective opinions and may be omitted. Welcome to point out communication.