There are many differences. Different factions have different differences. The main differences are: whether it happened, the number of people, the time of experience, the geographical scope, specific events and so on. "2065438+ 10/0. On October 30th, the China Research Committee on the History of Sino-Japanese Relations published the Research Report on the History of Sino-Japanese Relations, which was divided into two volumes: China Report and Japan Report. The papers in the report were written by two members respectively, reflecting the author's own views. According to the report, China and Japan have an understanding of the nature of the Nanjing Massacre. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was a war of aggression, and the Nanjing Massacre was a large-scale anti-humanity massacre. However, regarding the number of victims of the Nanjing Massacre, China insisted on "300,000 victims" and remained unmoved. Because "opinions vary from tens of thousands to two hundred thousand" in Japan, the two conclusions are recorded side by side. Although there is no consensus on the number of deaths, Chinese and Japanese scholars have cited two sets of data: more than 200,000 people were identified by the Far East International Military Tribunal, and more than 300,000 people were identified by the Nanjing Ministry of National Defense Military Tribunal.

The academic research on the Nanjing Massacre in China really began in the early 1980s. Research materials include archives, documents and oral historical materials. In 1990s, China made a breakthrough in collecting historical materials of the Nanjing Massacre. Among them, the most notable is the discovery of a batch of diaries and letters of westerners who stayed in Nanjing at that time, such as Rabe's Diary and God forbid: Nanjing Massacre in the eyes of American missionaries (1937- 1938). Since the beginning of this century, great progress has been made in the collection and collation of historical materials of the Nanjing Massacre. Historical Collection of Nanjing Massacre was published in 2005. At present, 55 volumes with about 30 million words have been published. The publication of this book will greatly promote the in-depth study of the history of the Nanjing Massacre. The debate about the authenticity of the Nanjing Massacre in Japan began in the early 1970s.

In 1980s, with the aggravation of the problem of Japanese history textbooks, the Nanjing Massacre quickly became the focus of debate among all walks of life in Japan, forming a "positive faction" that acknowledged the Nanjing Massacre and a "negative faction" that denied it. In addition, there are centrists in the middle. Most of the "affirmations" have a professional background in history, which is rational and academic. From 65438 to 0984, the "Nanjing Incident Investigation and Research Association" headed by Dong Fuxiong and Fujiwara Akira was established. So far, many seminars have been held regularly every year, and historical materials and academic monographs have been compiled and published, with fruitful results. The members of the "negative faction" are mainly social activists and politicians. In order to deny the Nanjing Massacre, they often take it out of context, or choose only the historical materials that are useful to them, ignore the opposite historical materials, or misinterpret the opposite historical materials. There are many opposites and differences between China's academic circles and Japanese "affirmative" and "negative" schools about the space-time view of the Nanjing Massacre.

In the study of Nanjing Massacre, it is very important to clarify the concept of time and space of Nanjing Massacre, because this issue is directly related to the scale of Nanjing Massacre. In recent years, scholars in China believe that the upper limit time of the Nanjing Massacre should be1937 65438+early February and the lower limit time should be1938 March. In terms of geographical scope, some scholars believe that "it seems appropriate to expand to Jiangning, Jiangpu and Liuhe, which are directly adjacent to the urban area, on the basis of Nanjing 12 administrative region", considering the same time, the same violent troops and the proximity of the atrocities. However, when studying the Nanjing Massacre, most scholars still take the jurisdiction of the Nanjing Special City (that is, seven urban areas and five rural areas) as the basic point of discussion. On the Japanese side, the "affirmative faction" represented by the 19th Division of Sugawara believes that the upper limit of the Nanjing Massacre was 65,438+February 4th, when the Japanese base camp issued the order to attack Nanjing, Chinese and zhina troops entered the Nanjing war zone; The lower limit should be1March 28th, 938, when the "Republic of China Reform Government" was established. He believes that although the date of the end of the Nanjing Raiders War was1February, 938 14, the Japanese army's cruelty and killing in Nanjing continued. Regarding the geographical scope, he thinks that it should include the administrative areas of Nanjing Special City and its surrounding six counties (Jiangpu, Liuhe, Jiangning, Jurong, Lishui and Gaochun). At present, no special discussion on "negative schools" has been found. Generally, they limit the concept of "Nanjing" to the city of Nanjing (even confuse Nanjing City with Nanjing Safety Zone). Because they generally don't recognize the Nanjing Massacre, they don't have a clear concept of the time of the Massacre. In the study of Nanjing Massacre, the number of victims in Nanjing Massacre is the most controversial. China believes that the figure of 300,000 people killed is both approximate and certain in a sense. In Japan, there are different views on the death toll of the Nanjing Massacre. The death toll of the Nanjing Massacre ranged from infinitely close to zero to 65,438+10,000, 200,000 and more than 300,000, which was probably unprecedented in historical research. It is not easy for historians to explore the causes of the Nanjing Massacre. But in recent years, with the deepening of scholars' research, there are more historical explanations for the reasons of the Nanjing Massacre. Chinese and Japanese scholars have their own emphases when analyzing the causes of the Nanjing Massacre.

Scholars in China believe that the Nanjing Massacre was determined by the nature of the Japanese invaders and was bound to happen. Japanese "affirmative" scholars believe that the Nanjing Massacre was an organized act of Japanese officers and men. The "negative faction" does not admit the fact of the Nanjing massacre, so there is no reason for the massacre. Chinese and Japanese academic circles also have different choices about the historical materials of Nanjing Massacre. The materials used by Chinese academic circles mainly include the memories of the witnesses of the Nanjing Massacre, the relief reports and burial records of charitable organizations, the social investigation statistics after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and the trial materials of the Nanjing Massacre by the military court of the Nanjing Ministry of National Defense. Since 1980s, Japanese "deniers" have been questioning and criticizing the authenticity of some historical materials of the Nanjing Massacre. The "negative faction" often falsifies the original historical materials to hide people's eyes and ears, and ruthlessly attacks veterans who dare to face up to history and announce the historical truth. In addition, they tried to prove the impossibility of some historical materials with conclusive evidence in various ways, and even put pressure on them through court proceedings. The most obvious example is the report of "beheading a hundred people". The "negative faction" also spared no effort to attack the historical materials of the Nanjing Massacre in third countries. But history cannot be tampered with. The Japanese "negative faction" denied the fact of the Nanjing Massacre, which was also exposed and refuted by China academic circles and Japanese "positive faction". "