According to different purposes and requirements, retelling can be divided into three types: detailed retelling, brief retelling and adaptation retelling.
Detailed retelling means retelling raw materials as faithfully as possible. However, detailed retelling needs to process the original text, mainly to turn long sentences with complex structures into short sentences and colloquial written language.
For example, the folk story "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" begins:
In ancient times, there was a cowherd named Cowherd. He is a poor child with no parents and is often abused by his brother and sister-in-law. However, the cows released by the cowherd can get along with him intimately. Always look at him with warm eyes, stick out your tongue and lick his hand gently.
Retelling this passage can be said as follows:
In ancient times, there was a cowherd named Cowherd. He was miserable when he was a child. He has no parents and his brother and sister-in-law often beat and scold him. Coincidentally, the cows released by the cowherd are very close to him, and they often look at him with gentle eyes, stick out their tongues and gently lick his hands.
A simple retelling is to summarize the main contents of raw materials. The retelling of narrative requires clarifying the main idea of the content, maintaining the integrity of the story, and removing the layout and details of the description; The retelling of argumentative essays requires keeping the center and main points of raw materials, omitting irrelevant explanations and examples.
The key to short retelling is to make great efforts to connect the key sentences together. Whether listening to people or reading materials, we should pay attention to the main idea of each paragraph, and then combine them to make it a paragraph with prominent center and complete structure. For example, "Sunflower" in a pile of essays by Li Hualan is written like this:
You want the sun to shine on every minute of your life. If the ruins want to stop you, you will grow and grow hard until you are bathed in sunshine.
No matter what happens, you won't lose heart. You firmly believe that the sun will shine on the earth. Sometimes, the sky is rainy and rainy, but you hold your head high, persevere against stubborn enemies and greet the beautiful sun with great pride. Sometimes, when the wind blows hard, you calmly fight, never flinch, shake off the dust on your body, stand up your hard body, and hold out plates of golden fruits towards the sunrise.
You bowed your head in a simple and honest way, as if silently vowing to spread full seeds all over the earth like kindling.
The first few sentences of each paragraph in prose are key sentences, which can be combined and simply repeated.
Brief retelling is mainly to cut and summarize the raw materials, so as to cultivate the comprehensive ability of listening and reading and the ability to express opinions briefly.
There are several ways to retell in detail and briefly: first, write a concise retelling outline, organize the key sentences into a concise article, and retell according to the outline; Second, remember the main content of the article, repeat it in sequence first, and then repeat the whole article; The third is to grasp key words and related words as a guide to retell.
Adaptation and retelling
Adapted retelling is a retelling that adjusts the content structure and expression form of raw materials to a certain extent, and then expresses it in a new form. There are three ways to adapt:
(1) change people. This retelling is to change the narrative of raw materials from the first person to the third person or from the third person to the first person. After changing the name, pay attention to explain the clues clearly and the names are the same, so as to avoid a messy perspective.
(2) change the order. It turns the sequence of raw materials into flashback, or flashback into sequence. For example, in the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl mentioned earlier, we can change the order to flashback: "Whenever we look up at the night sky in autumn, we can see the two brightest stars on both sides of the Milky Way. They are Vega and Cowherd. The story of the meeting of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl on the Magpie Bridge in ancient folklore is not credible, but it is quite touching. " Such retelling can cultivate the ability to organize the content reasonably in oral expression.
3. Expand the content. This kind of retelling is to add something that is not in the raw materials. It needs to process raw materials through rich imagination and association, add details, expand the content, and make the content more vivid, concrete and substantial.
Third, the requirements of retelling
1. Familiarity with raw materials is the basis of retelling, which can be started from two aspects. One is to find out the genre. To understand the genre of retelling is to grasp the clues and context of the article, so as to grasp the content. The second is to seize the center. Familiar with raw materials, we should summarize by summarizing the contents, grasp this outline well, and we will not go astray when retelling.
2. Reasonable processing of raw materials
Processing raw materials makes the retelling smoother, the content organization more reasonable and the theme expression more vivid. The first requirement for processing raw materials is not to violate the original intention: in retelling, words and sentence patterns can be changed, contents can be added or deleted, and the structure can be adjusted, but punching holes cannot change the original intention of the materials; Second, it is clear and complete: no matter how much changes have been made to raw materials, the retelling must be orderly, organized, structurally complete and integrated, and there can be no confusion or out-of-context problems.
When we students are studying, if we can combine mind maps after class, we can repeat the classified and summarized knowledge and tell it to our parents, classmates or ourselves. Such a learning method will be really effective.