In 2009, there were 1 15 scientific research projects, including 40 vertical scientific research projects, 5 geological survey projects, 43 social service projects and 27 basic research projects with a total budget of 7 1.93 million yuan. He published 79 papers, including 2 SCI retrieval journals, 42 core journals and 2 monographs.
Director and Party Secretary Jiang Yuchi (second from left), Deputy Director, Deputy Secretary of Party Committee and Secretary of Discipline Inspection Commission Liu Wen (second from right), Deputy Director Huang Qingda (first from left) and Deputy Director Jiang Zhongcheng (first from right).
Important scientific and technological achievements in 2009
Study on soil organic carbon dynamics and carbon sink mechanism in karst dynamic system: The geological survey project "Karst dynamic system and carbon cycle" reveals that the soil in karst area is rich in calcium and alkalinity through the investigation of typical soil profiles in karst and non-karst areas. The spatial distribution of soil pH and organic carbon in karst areas is influenced by lithology and land use patterns. The organic carbon of calcareous soil is 1.96 times that of zonal red soil. The dynamic monitoring results show that the dissolved organic carbon in karst area is only 1/6 of that in red soil in non-karst area, and the soil respiration emission is lower than that in red soil in non-karst area. Through the mineralization culture experiment of soil organic carbon, the reserves and turnover period of soil activated carbon pool, slow-release carbon pool and inert carbon pool in karst area were fitted by using the first-order dynamic equation of three reservoirs.
Changes of soil water-soluble organic carbon DOC with time in Maocun, Guilin and comparison between calcareous soil and red soil.
The climatic events recorded by stalagmites in the southwest of China in the past 500,000 years and their responses to global change belong to the project of the National Natural Science Foundation. This project has carried out accurate U-230s dating and high-resolution carbon and oxygen isotope analysis on cave stalagmites, initially established the standard time scale series of stalagmites recorded in southwest China since 350,000 and 20,000 years ago, and revealed a series of sudden monsoon climate events with orbital scale and short time scale. Using ICP-MS-230 dating data and oxygen isotope records of D 10, D8, D6-2, D3 and D4 in Donggedong, Libo, Guizhou, a complete time scale series of 240,000 years is integrated.
According to the 230th dating and carbon and oxygen isotope data of the Yamen Cave D4, J 1 and Y 1 stalagmites in Libo, the time scale series of the past 20,000 years are comprehensively integrated, revealing not only the abrupt cooling events such as H 1, OldestDryas, Younger Dryas and 8200, but also the 6550 of the last ice age.
Schematic diagram of CO2-H2O-CaCO3 carbon cycle process and organic carbon cycle in karst power system
Comprehensive integration of 240,000-year time scale series in Donggedong, Libo, Guizhou.
Study on efficient utilization technology of water and soil resources in karst rocky desertification areas: national science and technology support plan and Guangxi science and technology key projects. Through the monitoring of soil erosion in small watershed, it is further demonstrated that the slope soil in karst mountainous area mainly leaks from underground, and the main technical methods of soil and water conservation are studied. According to different land types, different land consolidation, planting and irrigation technologies have been developed, and two patented technologies have been formed. The classification system scheme, evaluation index system and evaluation model of optimal allocation of ecological land in typical karst areas are studied and established, and the optimal allocation model of ecological land in karst basin system is constructed. Guangxi Pingguo Guohua, Mashan Nongla, Huanjiang Guzhou and other demonstration areas have been established and improved, with a total area of more than 2,000 hectares. The water and soil resources in the four demonstration areas have been fully utilized reasonably and efficiently, the ecological environment has been further improved, the optimal allocation of ecological land has been realized, the technical model of land consolidation and soil and water conservation with karst characteristics has been constructed, and an ecological industry has been formed. Farmers' income has increased rapidly, rocky desertification has been controlled, and ecological economy and society have developed in a virtuous circle.
Soil erosion and soil and water conservation, land consolidation
Planting pitaya in karst area
Screening of drought-tolerant tree species and adaptability of introduced honeysuckle
Research and demonstration of vegetation restoration technology in rocky desertification areas in karst mountainous areas: a subject of national science and technology support plan. Aiming at the ecological problems such as forest vegetation degradation, rocky desertification aggravation and severe drought in Chongqing karst mountain area, the key technologies of comprehensive management of degraded ecosystem in karst mountain area were studied, a model suitable for the development of ecological industry in karst mountain area was established, and the countermeasures for ecological environment restoration and reconstruction were put forward, and experiments and demonstrations were carried out. One year after the ecological reconstruction experiment, it was proved that honeysuckle could increase the land coverage and improve the water and heat exchange conditions.
Map of Taohe River Basin in Niangziguan Spring Area
Study on the Cause Mechanism and Protection Countermeasures of Groundwater Environmental Problems in Karst Areas of Northern China: A Special Fund Project of Public Welfare Industry of Ministry of Land and Resources. The problems and characteristics of groundwater environment in karst spring areas in northern China are comprehensively summarized. The typical spring areas are selected for in-depth study to reveal the causes and evolution driving mechanisms of hydrogeological environmental problems in karst spring areas in northern China. The division scheme and protection measures of karst water protection areas are put forward. There are 1 16 karst groundwater systems (subsystems) with clear boundaries, and the hydrogeological properties of their system boundaries are defined. According to the geological structure and circulation conditions of karst water system, the karst water system in northern China is divided into five main karst water system models: monocline, monocline, parallel, basin and others. The system structure, resource elements and their transformation relations, and karst hydrogeological environment problems are analyzed. According to different environmental geological problems, four typical spring areas (Niangziguan Spring Area, Henan Jiuli Spring Area and Shandong Zaozhuang He Shili Spring Area) were studied.
Study on fracture-cave system model and its genesis in carbonate rocks: Project 1 of "973". Based on the detailed description and comparative study of typical karst outcrop areas and underground fracture-cave systems, the combined identification method of the causes of ancient karst landforms is established, and the development characteristics of ancient karst fracture-cave systems in different landform units of Ordovician in Tarim Basin are mastered, and four secondary landform types are divided into karst platform, karst gentle slope, karst steep slope and karst intermontane basin. The fracture-cave system of carbonate rocks in the experimental area of Tahe Oilfield is identified, and the vertical structure model of paleokarst of four geomorphic units in Tahe Oilfield is established. This paper analyzes the characteristics of oil and gas enrichment in different palaeokarst geomorphic units in the experimental area of Tahe Oilfield, establishes six development models of 10 palaeokarst fracture-cave system, establishes the geophysical identification method of palaeokarst, and grasps the geophysical response characteristics of Ordovician palaeokarst fracture-cave system in oil and gas fields of Tarim Basin. The tectonic stress field in the experimental area of Tahe Oilfield is simulated. Based on the dynamic mechanism of structural fracture formation, the development of structural fracture in the study area is predicted by using brittle rock fracture criterion, which provides theoretical support for establishing fracture prediction model in Tahe Oilfield experimental area.
Vertical structure model of ancient karst in Qiu Feng depression
Multi-stage and multi-cycle evolution model of bare weathered paleokarst
Consulting study on karst geology and route comparison and selection in Xiongcun-Hezhou section of Guiyang-Guangzhou Railway: Based on the characteristics and needs of railway engineering, the basic geological conditions, karst development characteristics, division of karst strata and water-bearing rock groups, karst collapse mechanism, potential danger zoning, karst ground collapse effect induced by train dynamic load, effectiveness of karst geophysical exploration, karst geological characteristics of three major route schemes, principles and evaluation methods for route comparison and selection are deeply analyzed, and finally a comprehensive evaluation is made. GIS technology is applied to the processing of multi-source spatial data in railway engineering geological disease investigation and comprehensive risk assessment, which realizes the visualization and automation of data management, improves the scientificity and reliability of evaluation results, and achieves good results.
Regional thematic map of the influence of karst development degree on collapse
Remote monitoring of cave environment and quantitative evaluation of bearing capacity: representative cave surveys and automatic monitoring of air environment in different climatic and geomorphic areas across the country were carried out. The remote automatic monitoring system of cave air environment was established in reed flute cave, Guilin, Crystal Palace in Hechi, Hainan, Shihua Water Cave in Wulong, Chongqing, Furong Cave and Taojiatai Cave in Xinglong, Hebei. The temperature, humidity, CO2, O2 and other factors of cave air environment are monitored at high frequency, and the changing law of cave air environment is mastered. This paper discusses the influence of environmental factors of tourist caves on cave sediment landscape, establishes an evaluation index system of cave environmental carrying capacity, and makes a quantitative evaluation on it.
Monitoring and transmission system
Real-time monitoring and display
Geological survey of groundwater and environment in karst mountain areas in southwest China: geological survey plan project. Starting from 1999, the geological survey institutes, aerial survey remote center, water ring center, China Geo University and other units of eight southwest provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) were organized to jointly implement the project of "Groundwater and Environmental Geological Survey in Southwest Karst Mountainous Areas". Completed the hydrogeological survey of 660,000 km21:250,000, the comprehensive hydrogeological and environmental geological survey of1:50,000123,200 km2, the hydrogeological drilling was 25,500 m, the detection length of underground karst caves was 60km, and 55,000 physical points were comprehensively explored. Seven automatic monitoring stations for karst groundwater were established.
Distribution map of karst rocky desertification in southwest China
Mastered the amount of water resources and its development and utilization potential in southwest karst areas, which provided technical support for groundwater development and utilization; The distribution and development trend of karst rocky desertification are found out, the main mechanism of karst rocky desertification formation is mastered, and the control measures of different karst environmental geological types are put forward, which provides a basis for the ongoing rocky desertification control. The karst hydrogeological conditions and environmental geological problems in typical river basins are found out, and the karst water development project scheme and comprehensive geological environment improvement zoning are formulated. The research results have been applied to the development and management of the investigation area by many departments. According to the development conditions of different types of areas, according to local conditions, various methods, such as plugging holes to store water, intercepting underground rivers, returning water from big springs, drilling wells, large wells and inclined shafts, were adopted to carry out demonstration of karst groundwater development and utilization and comprehensive management of ecological environment, which solved the drinking water problem of more than 400,000 people and the irrigation water problem of more than 300,000 mu of cultivated land, and achieved obvious social and economic benefits. The information system of groundwater and environmental geology in southwest karst mountain area is established, and the informatization of geological survey results is realized. Combining geological survey with scientific research, comprehensive research work has been carried out, and scientific and technological innovation of geological survey has been realized.
Annual report of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. 2009
Underground rivers and caves are blocked to form reservoirs.
Different types of karst groundwater systems are selected for groundwater monitoring, and the relationship between water quality and water quantity dynamics and karst dynamic system is studied. This paper reveals the changes of water quality and quantity in the typical underground river basin in recent 20 years and its relationship with land use changes, grasps the sensitivity of groundwater system, soil and vegetation to the changes of karst natural environment and human activities, and establishes an environmental vulnerability evaluation index system and model.
Demonstration of surface karst water development and ecological restoration in Pingguo County, Guangxi