Waiting for the rabbit: you can't stick to narrow experience; Don't know how to change; Or take risks for nothing.
Naoko is suspicious of his neighbors: if you don't respect the facts and judge right and wrong only by the closeness of feelings, you will make subjective guesses, draw wrong conclusions and hurt yourself.
Lead the baby into the river: don't be subjective, but proceed from reality. Different objects or situations will change the way to deal with problems, and different people will also change.
Supplement: It warns people that if they don't respect the facts and only judge right or wrong by the closeness of their feelings, they will make subjective guesses, draw wrong conclusions and hurt themselves. On the other hand, the old people in the neighborhood told us to give advice to others and try our best to make them accept it. The same thing happens to different people, and it is not correct to treat it differently. Do things fairly, seek truth from facts and treat things fairly.
2. I need the most comprehensive summary of classical Chinese enlightenment. Please show yourself. Introduction of classical Chinese knowledge in junior high school: We study ***3 1 classical Chinese in the eighth and ninth grades, but there are only one or two exams. When we see classical Chinese reading, many students often confuse the content of classical Chinese. So today we will summarize these classical Chinese we have learned and classify them according to a certain classification.
1. We can divide the classical Chinese we have learned into four categories according to the content, namely: (1) landscape articles; (2) Character articles; (3) Truth; (4) Explanatory articles; (1) Landscape articles include: Peach Blossom Garden, Three Gorges, Thank-You Letter, Night Tour in Chengtian Temple. Watching the Snow in the Lake Pavilion, A Letter to Zhu, Little Stone Pond, The Story of Yueyang Tower, The Story of Zuiweng Pavilion, Man Jing's Travels and Watching the Tide (2) The characters are: Mr. Wu Liuchuan, Chen She Family, Tang Drama Live Up to its Mission, Longzhong Dui, etc. During the trip to the Avenue, Tang Ju lived up to his mission, lost in public, argued and wrote the story of Zhu and Yueyang Tower. He helped more from one way and less from the other. He was born in sorrow and died in happiness. Zou Ji satirized coachable and Qi Wang.
Night Tour in Chengtian Temple: The author was demoted to Huangzhou. Because there was no one to accompany him to enjoy the moon, he had to look for Zhang Huaimin, who was also demoted, to express the author's sadness and feelings about life. Xiao Shi Tang Ji: In the description of the scenery, he conveyed his lonely and sad mood in his relegated life.
Summary: The above two travel notes show their inner sadness caused by the author's demotion. Yueyang Tower: The author Fan Zhongyan took this opportunity to implicitly and tactfully persuade his friend Teng to "not be happy with things, not sad for himself" and tried to infect his friends with his feelings of salvation and optimism of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later".
Zuiwengting: Although the author was relegated, he showed his broad-minded feelings of being content with the status quo and happy to meet the people. Summary: In the above two articles, although the author was demoted, he was not depressed, but thinking about the country and the people all over the world.
2. Feel the nature by depicting the scenery. "Three Gorges": Through the description of the magnificent scenery of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, people are inspired to love the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.
Thanks for writing a book: The description of beautiful mountains and rivers reflects the author's interest in loving nature and retiring from nymphs. With Zhu Shu: It always narrates the strange and beautiful scenery of Fuchun River, implicitly conveying the noble interest of loving nature and retiring from the world.
Summary: The above three articles show their love for nature and the mountains and rivers of the motherland by depicting different scenery. Man Jing's Travels: The author captures the vibrant scenery in early spring, showing the joy of returning to the earth in spring, and appreciating and praising the rejuvenation of nature.
Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow: The author depicts the snow scene of the West Lake by line drawing, and expresses the spiritual unity and harmony between man and nature by "one trace, one mustard, two grains". Peach Blossom Garden: In this article, the author outlined a paradise for us and expressed the author's yearning for a better life.
Watching the tide: This article is a masterpiece of landscape description, which is divided into four paragraphs, describing the spectacular scene of the tide, the moving scene of naval exercises, the athletes making waves and the crowd watching the tide. This paper describes the tidal scene and grand occasion of watching the Qiantang River in the Southern Song Dynasty, and shows the brave spirit of human struggle with nature.
Summary: The above three descriptions of different scenery show the harmony with nature. (2) Character category: 1, no friends with officials, indifferent to fame and fortune, "Biography of Mr. Wu Liu": Mr. Wu Liu is a simple, natural, indifferent to fame and fortune, poor and happy person.
There are two stories in Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi satirizes Keiko's obsession with fame and fortune, doubting others' ignorance for no reason, and shows his indifferent position on fame and fortune by being a coward. "Longzhong Dui": "This person can be seen, so don't get into trouble.
It can be seen that Zhuge Liang will never be an official easily, nor will he be indifferent to fame and fortune. The model: "Mo Wen Wenda became a vassal when he died in troubled times" also shows Zhuge Liang's indifference to fame and fortune.
Summary: The three characters in the above four articles all have the character of "indifferent to fame and fortune". 2. Wit, courage and resourcefulness, and dare to fight "Chen She aristocratic family": Chen, a born son, prepared for public opinion before the uprising and put forward the strategy of "falsely calling his son Fu Su and Xiang Yan", which showed his courage and resourcefulness; Before the uprising, let Guangwu "say a few words before he died, and be angry with his captain". When everyone was angry at the "defending the country in a large area", he began to do it, which showed Chen Sheng's courage and wit and proved that Chen Sheng was an outstanding organizer and leader.
Tang Ju lived up to his mission: Tang Ju was a courageous counselor. It is not difficult to see that in the face of Qin Wang's treachery, he has answers; It was in the confrontation with the king of Qin that he did not bend down under the threat of the king of Qin, and always took the initiative, showing Tang Ju's upright and fearless spirit.
"Public loss": When Mozi dealt with the public loss and the king of Chu, he first let them fall into the dilemma of attacking the shield with the spear of the son, so that they could make excuses and show Mozi's wit; Facing the loss inventory of the public, he showed his courage and resourcefulness, which fully demonstrated his fearlessness and calmness. Summary: The above three characters are not only witty and brave, but also calm in the face of powerful enemies.
Cao Gui Debate: Around the battle of the spoon, it focuses on showing Cao Gui's "foresight". His talent is outstanding, and he can command the army calmly, calmly and decisively in the rapidly changing war, which highlights Cao Gui's intelligence.
Longzhong Dui: Zhuge Liang's countermeasures are the focus of this article. From Zhuge Liang's calm and objective analysis of the world situation, we can see his wit, insight and long-term vision. Zou Ji satirized Xu Shu, King of Qi: Zou Ji showed wisdom in the process of comparing beauty with Xu Gong.
3. The truth or enlightenment of writing in classical Chinese. The two children argued that Japan wrote in classical Chinese and explained the reasons:
(1) You must be good at observation in your life to find something.
(2) be reasonable.
(3) We should learn from Confucius' attitude of seeking truth from facts.
(4) Even a great scholar like Confucius has something he doesn't know, so we need to learn with an open mind.
(5) Different perspectives lead to different conclusions.
(6) Learning is endless, and lifelong thinking should be established.
(7) Learn the spirit of two children's persistence in exploration, independent thinking and bold questioning.
Original text:
Author: Lieyukou
When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them why.
A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "
Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.
A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? "
Another child said, "The sun just came out to cool down, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon. Isn't that why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" ? "
Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.
The two children smiled and said to Confucius, "Who said you were smart?" ? "
4. The role of a sentence in the Chinese reading question answer template (1): 1, the beginning of the text: the opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar; 2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; 3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); The beginning of reference (argumentative, narrative, novel) (2) the function of rhetoric: (1) its own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.
1, figuratively personified: vivid; Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics. 2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ; Answer format: key+object+feature 3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking; Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics; Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc. 4. Contrast: emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize.
When answering a question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence. (4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? Verb: No.
Because this word accurately, vividly and concretely writes adjectives:No. Because this word vividly describes adverbs (such as Du, Da Du, Very Only, etc. ): No.
Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts. (5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why? I can't.
Because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence) (2) this word corresponds to the above one by one (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be exchanged. (vi) Summary of the paragraph meaning 1. Narration: Answer clearly (when and where) who does what. Format: (time+place)+people+things.
2. Explanatory text: Answer clearly what the object is and what its characteristics are. Format: explanation (introduction)+explanation object+explanation content (characteristics) 3. Argumentative essay: answer clearly what the question is and what is the author's point of view? 1, the function of the first paragraph, the function of the middle paragraph or sentence, and the function of the last paragraph. We can answer this question from two aspects: for the first paragraph, structurally speaking, it is to write down the topic, point out the center of the article, get straight to the point, get the full text, or play a role in causing the following; In terms of content, it is the foreshadowing and foil for the following, paving the way for the description of the following content.
The problem in the middle part plays a bridge role in the structure. The function of the last paragraph or sentence is to summarize the full text, point out the main idea of the article, make people remember deeply and take care of the theme.
2. What thoughts and feelings does the article express? This needs to be answered according to the specific content of the article. Common ones are singing, praising, loving, admiring, moving, happy, longing, shock, missing, melancholy, faint sadness, regret, missing relatives at home, or boredom, hatred, pain, shame, guilt, hatred, sadness, grief, regret and so on. Between the lines of the article, we can see the feelings of the general author, some of them may be written more implicitly, and some of them are directly expressed.
3. Summarize the main idea of the article. For this kind of topic, you must read the full text carefully several times before answering, and then you can answer with such key words: "The story of crossing ..., you praised (praised) the author's thoughts and feelings and revealed profound truth ...".
We can also find from the article that in every paragraph of the article, especially the first or last sentence of the first or last paragraph, the philosophical sentences in the article are often the theme that the author wants to express. 4. What expressions are used in underlined sentences? What's the role? When we see this type of topic, we must first look at the expression used in this sentence, which is narrative, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism. Specifically, description is divided into character description, scenery description and comprehensive scene description.
Character description can also be subdivided into language description, action description, psychological description, portrait description and detail description. The function of description is to make the article vivid, vivid and touching. The use of lyricism can enhance the appeal of the article and highlight the center of the article.
If there are some fairy tales, folklore and descriptions of magical scenes in nature, its function is to increase the mystery of what is written and arouse readers' interest. 5. What rhetorical devices are used in a sentence in the text? What's the role? There are many kinds of rhetoric, and eight kinds are commonly used: metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, rhetorical question and rhetorical question.
Among them, metaphor, personification, exaggeration and parallelism are the most tested. Metaphor has three functions: first, it simplifies profound truths and helps people deepen their body odor; The second is to make abstract things concrete and easy to accept; The third is to visualize the summary and give a vivid impression. The role of personification is to make readers not only have a vivid impression on the things expressed, but also feel the author's strong feelings about things. Using personification to express things you like can make them vivid and make people feel more intimate and natural. Things that show hatred can be ugly and give people a strong sense of disgust.
The function of exaggeration is to deeply express the author's distinct emotional attitude towards things, thus causing readers to scream strongly; Rendering the image of things can arouse people's rich imagination and help highlight the essence and characteristics of things. The function of parallelism lies in highlighting the center of the article, expressing strong and unrestrained emotions and enhancing the momentum of language; It is an important link to improve the expression effect.
There are also overlapping words and short sentences, which make the article full of rhythm, beautiful rhyme and catchy to read. Another rhetoric is quotation. Sometimes, in reading comprehension, poems, celebrity stories and related contents in celebrity language or celebrity works will be quoted. The question will be "What is the function of the quoted content in the article?" When answering this question, we should pay attention to the following two points.
5. Do you want to write questions or practice questions in the exam? Generally, there are many formats, which are the comprehensive ability of readers. Here are some. I wonder if they are what you want. 1. Modern Chinese reading skills and methods 1. Basic essentials: grasp the whole, grasp the key sentences and find the answers in the text. 2. Steps: (Read the article twice) The first time: Read the full text and get a general understanding. Read the full text first. When reading, underline the words and sentences that you feel are important; [Can be faster] The second time: review the meaning of the question and read back the original text. Look at the questions once to determine the reading range of the answers, then find the relevant paragraphs and sentences in combination with the questions (Shun Teng) and intercept the keywords; Find out or summarize the answer (picking melons). [Slowly and carefully, read it back and check it] Finally, make clear the main points and answer the questions carefully. According to the requirements of answering questions, process and transform, summarize and refine. Try to answer the questions with the key words in the original text. See the first step for the three steps to answer the modern Chinese reading questions. Read the whole article and have a general understanding. For the first time, take a general look at the full text and get a general idea of the article. 1, understand the general content of the article. Who is it? What's the matter? What scene? What is this? What topic? How to write? Why do you want to write like this? what do you think? 2. Understand the general structure and main ideas of the article. What are the basic elements of the article narrative (who, what, when and where)? What is the author's emotional change? What is the material? What's the arrangement? How did the article transition? Understand the clue, order and level of the article. 3. Understand the thoughts, feelings and main idea of the article. Note: The above objectives can be achieved by the following methods: 1. Grasp the key words in the article. Key words in the article: title, opening sentence, ending sentence, independent sentence, central sentence, epigram, figurative sentence, serial sentence, turning sentence, lyric sentence and argument sentence. Focus on related words (such as the words at the beginning of a paragraph: not only …… but also …… because of this) and so on. Pay special attention to those words that reflect the author's position and viewpoint, reflect the deep content of the article, and have rich connotations and vivid images. Note that the main idea of the article is often hidden in these sentences. Some essays are rather obscure by expressing ambitions and symbols. We can also find clues from these words. Second, make clear the structure of the article. It is easier to grasp the ideological content of the article from the structural form, that is, it is easier to understand the central idea of the article if the structural level is clear. From this perspective, understanding the structure is the basis of narrative reading. Understanding the narrative structure can be carried out from the following aspects. Find clues to the article. The clue forms of narrative are: taking a person, an event and an event as clues. When reading an article, we can try to find out the clues of the article, and we can understand the hierarchical structure of the paragraph along it. (2) Clear the order of articles. The order of narration requires us to master three sequential methods: time sequence method, flashback method and insertion method. Sequence refers to the time sequence of events, such as The Emperor's New Clothes. Flashback refers to the back. Write down what happened first. Interpolation: For example, when reading "The Wood Carving of Antelope", paying attention to the starting and ending points of flashback and interpolation will help to clarify narrative clues and grasp the structure of the article. (3) Clarifying the article level is an important part of clarifying the article structure. (4) Grasp the details of the article. The article should have a master in selecting and using materials, and should be detailed and brief. Read back the original text. After we have an overall grasp of the article, we will read the stem carefully, find out the main points of each question, read back the original text and correspond the stem with the article. What are the methods and steps to read back the original text? 1. Find the relevant area of the corresponding topic in the original text. See which paragraphs or fields the topic involves and which sentences are related to it. 2. Contact the context and grasp the key words. As long as we find out the relevant fields in the original text and carefully ponder the context, we can accurately grasp the key words, and the answers to most questions can be found in the original text. 3. Analyze and synthesize, and pick melons in a proper way. Combine the test questions (in an appropriate way) to deeply understand the article, analyze and synthesize, and summarize the answers (picking melons). The third step is to clarify the main points and answer the questions carefully. 1, quote the original text. If the topic requires quoting the original text, find the answer directly and write carefully. 2. Grasp the corresponding keywords. If you don't explicitly ask to quote the original text, you can't copy the original sentence mechanically. Generally speaking, some key words and sentences involved in the answer. We should grasp these important words and phrases and effectively extract, edit, summarize, reorganize and induce them. 3. Organize language answers. Make clear a few key points according to the score before you answer. When answering questions, we should stick to the meaning of the questions, try to include corresponding keywords and phrases in the text, choose appropriate sentence patterns and choose appropriate angles to answer them, that is, according to the requirements of the stem of the questions, how to answer them, and rearrange and combine the known information in the text. Make the answer full, in place, accurate and orderly. However, there are still some questions that cannot be answered simply by reorganizing the language of the article, so you need to organize your own understanding and express it in your own language. 4. There are still some questions in the form of multiple-choice questions, so it is necessary to understand the rules for setting the wrong questions for such questions (such as taking them out of context, stealing concepts, unclear scope, making them out of thin air, imposing cause and effect, and careless confusion). Compare the options with the relevant sentences in the original one-on-one, and make an accurate judgment and choice. Second, the answer mode of modern Chinese reading questions 1. Summary topic: (1) Summarize the content of the article: According to the basic elements of narration (behavior and experience) or the plot of the novel or the words and deeds of the characters or the emotional changes of the author, select materials and combine answers. Example: ◆ Please use Dani's words and deeds to develop clues. Summarize the main plot of the novel. (No more than 80 words) (5 points) ◆ Please summarize "my strange experience". (No more than 60 words) The summarized operation idea is: 1. Summarize according to the central sentence. The concretization of an article is usually manifested as a narrative, discussion or explanation around a certain center, so it captures the center.