Diagnosis:
Pulmonary function examination is the gold standard for diagnosis and severity grading of COPD. In the Global Initiative for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2004 edition) jointly organized by the World Health Organization and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the United States, it is emphasized that every COPD patient should be tested for lung function (bronchiectasis test).
Significance of pulmonary function examination in COPD patients: (1) It is helpful for early detection of cases and definite diagnosis. (2) Assess the severity of the disease. (3) Differential diagnosis. (4) monitoring the progress of the disease. (5) Evaluate the efficacy of drugs and other treatment methods.
Treatment:
Reducing risk factors: quitting smoking and reducing the inhalation of toxic particles or gases in the lungs are of great benefit to reducing many secondary complications of COPD. In 2000, the US Department of Health and Human Services issued a widely accepted smoking cessation guide, which is based on evidence-based medicine.
LTOT):LTOT): LTOT can improve the survival rate, mobility, sleep and cognitive ability of patients. Physiological indications of oxygen therapy: PaO _ 2 of arterial oxygen partial pressure at rest, sleep and activity; 90%。
Control infection: It is very important to use sensitive antibiotics in time during the acute exacerbation of COPD.
Drug therapy: bronchodilators such as β2 receptor agonists, anticholinergic drugs and methylxanthine, inhaled corticosteroids can relax tracheal smooth muscle, resist inflammation and improve dyspnea symptoms.
Nutritional therapy: COPD patients in stable stage may lose weight and lose fat-free weight FFM, the latter two are not related to the degree of airflow restriction, but are related to the increased risk of death.
Surgery: COPD patients should be strictly selected for surgical treatment. Pulmonary bullectomy and lung volume reduction surgery can improve dynamic lung function, lung capacity, mobility, dyspnea and health-related quality of life, and improve survival rate. A few patients may consider lung transplantation.
Auxiliary ventilation: COPD patients with acute exacerbation have respiratory acidosis (pH