Argumentative writing skills: first examine the topic, then set your mind. Whether it is a propositional composition, a topic composition, or a material composition, we must first carefully examine the topic, examine the topic, and examine the topic to make the idea fit the meaning of the topic. It's like cracking the password accurately to get into the classroom. Every composition question has its password, and some have more than one. The process of examining questions is the process of cracking their passwords according to relevant channels. An effective composition is one that accurately cracks the password and fits the meaning of the topic. When reviewing questions, you must be careful and avoid swallowing dates, being careless and tasting. Seeing the composition title "Father", without seriously thinking about the connotation and extension of "Father", I wrote for "Father's Love"; Seeing the topic of "reading", I didn't seriously read the prompt of the proposer "reading nature, reading society and reading life", and wrote "a book I like" without thinking; Isn't that thankless? Off topic, off topic, on the contrary, where can we talk about high scores! We should attach importance to the examination of questions, but we don't have to take it too seriously. We should be full of confidence in the examination of questions. I will analyze and expound the examination of various literary topics.

On the premise of meeting the meaning of the question, "the eternal articles are high in meaning", which means soul and commander-in-chief, and strives for profundity and novelty.

In the college entrance examination in 2006, Anhui wrote a composition on the topic of "reading". If the concept is "knowledge is power", it is difficult to be considered "profound"; It would be more profound if we could read words from "books without words" and read the truth and feelings different from books from "nature, society and life". For example, Xiang Ling's Poetry is generally discussed from Xiang Ling's hard study or Dai Yu's guidance, while Mao Dun's On Infatuation takes Xiang Ling's "desire to be a poet" as the main line, criticizing Xiang Ling's vanity and desire to succeed by reading famous books. Because the viewpoint is novel and the comments are extraordinary, it gives people new enlightenment. The so-called novelty means that you can write your own unique feelings about the same life with different viewpoints or perspectives. How to dig out profound truth from objective things: seeing the big from the small, for example, Ji Zi foresaw the demise of Shang Dynasty from the change of Shang Zhouwang chopsticks; Comparison and identification, through comparison, we can see the differences of things, and differences are characteristics. Only by grasping the characteristics can we understand the essence of things. For example, Lu Xun said that we can understand the writing rules from the comparison between the finalized and unfinished works of great writers. From the outside to the inside; Explore cause and effect, etc.

Pay attention to the realm and style of composition when conceiving new ideas. Marking teachers generally like innovative but not out of control compositions. We should avoid strange, vulgar, biased and low concepts. It is necessary to avoid saying in If Memory Can Be Transplanted: "I want to transplant Einstein's brain and make a fortune for myself ..." Because the ideological style is not high, it does not meet the requirements of "healthy thinking" in the composition of the college entrance examination, which lowers the grade of the composition. Qin Mu's "The Core of Finding Shells in the Art Sea": "If your thinking level is low, even if you have certain living materials, even if you have certain writing skills, you can't write good works." Therefore, it is very important to establish a correct outlook on life, world outlook and values for writing high-level and high-grade compositions.

As for the idea of college entrance examination composition, someone offered a secret: composition is around life, back and forth, back and forth, around 800. Judging from the composition questions of Anhui college entrance examination over the years, outlook on life is really the core of composition conception. Below, I provide some ideas for reference:

1, when arguing and reasoning, you should be good at thinking and learn dialectical analysis. To understand the complexity of objective things, first, the analysis should be comprehensive, and attention should be paid to the two sides of things; The second is to avoid looking at problems statically and understand the nature and laws of things; The third is the transformation of opposites. The article should have a certain cultural background. Cultural heritage represents a person's quality, style, knowledge accumulation and so on. In the composition, we should reflect the spiritual realm, knowledge reserve, humanistic feelings and thinking quality that we should have after studying in high school, avoid the simplification and one-sidedness of thinking, and reduce the common diseases such as naivety, superficiality, paranoia and narrowness in general composition.

2. Pay attention to the choice and transformation of "image". With the "image", we can feel it concretely. For example, talk about the importance of communication, take "bridge" or "overpass" as the topic, and then find a suitable image. Writing about campus life is better than writing about "growth" or "small trees" or "spring breeze". In an essay titled "The Way of Nature", the examinee pointed out with the title of "Balance" that people should conform to the way of nature, otherwise the "balance" of natural laws will tilt, and the article will get high marks. Some college entrance examination essay questions are "images" in themselves, such as "spring" in the Anhui essay question "Holding a basket to see my mother in spring" in 2008. To be converted into corresponding specific meanings, such as flowers, blessings, certificates, transcripts, or warmth, love, hope, "mother" can also be converted into motherland, earth, mother earth and so on. The composition may get high marks.

3. Set the angle skillfully. "There are a thousand Hamlets in the hearts of a thousand readers." The examination syllabus says: "The composition of the college entrance examination encourages diverse views." For the same life, everyone often feels differently. There are two such essay topics in the high school Chinese book. I am eager to have a stepmother. I want to get sick, which is fresher than writing directly about loving my father and caring about my sick classmates. However, this novelty should not be extreme, but reasonable. The so-called "unexpected, reasonable".

4. Reverse thinking. In writing, if you can't express the theme of the article well according to the conventional thinking (inertia thinking and thinking set) and can't write new ideas, you can write with reverse thinking. For example, in 2005, a candidate in Jiangsu wrote a perfect composition "The Road to Learning from the Scriptures" (the essays of candidates in a certain year mentioned below are all perfect compositions, and you can search the original text on the Internet). The article boldly talks about all kinds of "benefits" of meeting a demon: a friend in need is a true friend, and a journey is a true experience. Well-founded, well-founded, and wrote a unique composition that was well received. But be careful not to "run too far" and be mature.

5. Clever analysis of words. China's square characters are the most wonderful and interesting characters in the world. Through the disassembly and analysis of the physical structure of specific Chinese characters, we can often come up with new ideas and become wonderful articles. For example, in 2005, a candidate in Beijing said "An", and the word "An" was written at the beginning. "What is' Ann'? There is a woman in the room who is safe. " The entry point is unique and novel.

Second, materials.

Material is what constitutes the content of writing. For example, an argumentative essay must have a basis, that is, sufficient facts or correct reasons must be cited to prove the correctness of the argument, and the arguments used to prove the argument are materials. Facts speak louder than words, and factual arguments include concrete examples, summarized facts, statistical data, personal experiences and so on. Theoretical argument refers to the correct viewpoint that comes from practice and has been proved and tested by long-term practice, including classic works and authoritative statements, as well as the principles, laws and formulas of natural science. Argument is closely related to argument, and it is the relationship between proof and proof. The arguments should be true, full, typical and fresh. When writing, after determining the intention, we should search and select relevant materials. A clever woman can't cook without rice, so she must pay attention to the accumulation of writing materials, establish her own material library and update it constantly. Composition materials should be "with the characteristics of the times" (examination outline); Pay attention to collecting fresh materials and reciting some famous sayings and aphorisms; Sort out the long-standing "inventory" and select excellent materials that can be used for writing; In common materials or old materials, we should try to explore new meanings, such as "making up a few words casually" to criticize other boasters and be responsible for Mr. Nan Guo's ignorance, such as being a good man and not revealing his secrets.

1, defamiliarization. Defamiliarization is the basic requirement for writing excellent compositions. Only when you are unfamiliar will you feel fresh. Don't try to save trouble with old-fashioned materials. The use of fresh materials must conform to the meaning of the test questions. For example, in 2008, an examinee named "Three Cabins of Spirit" in Jilin Province used not only the title of an article by Bi Shumin, but also the letter written by Su Shi to his friend Chang Li and the materials of Pascal and Cavendish, which made great efforts in defamiliarization.

2. deductive. Borrow materials from reading, historical figures or events, and use imagination and association to make up a new story to make the past serve the present and express the meaning of the test questions. In 2004, candidates from Shaanxi Province wrote "Zhao Jun's Journey to the fortress", in 2005, candidates from Gansu Province wrote "The Story of the backyard flower", and in 2006, candidates from Shaanxi Province wrote "When he died" (in the title, he was Jing Ke), or performed music recorded by historical figures or ancient books.

3. Structured. Pay attention to the space-time span of materials, and generally adopt the mode of ancient+present, middle+outside. For example, in 2007, a candidate in Henan Province selected foreign Wilma Rudolph and Li Xiang, a female college student in Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which is typical and convincing for expressing the theme.

4. Densification. One of the "levels of development" is the "level of affluence". Materials should be heavy and typical, one is ten, but there should also be a certain amount and reasonable density. The number of words in Shanghai and other places is not less than 1000, which provides a large space for the use of materials. No less than 800 words of composition, providing more space for materials. The key lies not only in the number of words, but also in the richness of articles and whether a person's cultural background, writing ability and writing level can be best displayed. You have goods in your stomach, and if you don't write them out, how will the marking teacher know? Of course, we should pay attention to accuracy, and don't repeat, verbose, procrastinate or overlap bedsteads. In 2007, a candidate in Beijing wrote "Lonely rain and idle flowers/a literary hero should be like this". This paper has listed seven cases, including Nalan Xingde, Li Yu, Lu You, Wang Wei, Yuan Zhen, Han Yu and Lin Zexu. Around the theme of "loneliness", a lot of materials are used, and the article is rich and solid.

Third, the structure

Structure is the layout of the article, which organizes the writing materials reasonably and effectively. Only when the structure is complete and rigorous can we write an article and make an article "stand up" to form a plump body with bones and flesh; The structure should be symmetrical. The ancient sayings of "phoenix head, pork belly, leopard tail" and "opening, inheriting, turning and combining" are all classic sayings about structure. Between all levels of the structure, it is necessary to connect qi and blood to become an organism. The basic requirement of college entrance examination composition is "complete structure", and the higher requirement is "novel and unique layout". If you meet this requirement, you can get high marks.

1, plate structure. Cleverly "connect" life fragments from different times and places to express a theme, ensuring the meaning and logic of the article. Use poems as subtitles, such as "One Step, One Life" by a candidate in Sichuan in 2007, and use Du Mu's poem "Qingming" as subtitles for each paragraph. Taking the candidates in Henan Province in 2008 as examples, such as "there is love between people in the earthquake disaster", this paper selects three typical characters in the earthquake disaster and organizes the article in the form of characters+deeds+evaluation. Combine poetry with characters. For example, in 2004, a candidate in Chongqing wrote "Chrysanthemum Fragrant Season", and the three paragraphs were entitled "Danju", "Chrysanthemum Pride" and "Mourning Chrysanthemum". Progressive, such as "Silent Father's Love" written by a candidate in Beijing in 2007, with subtitles of 6 years old, 16 years old, yesterday, today.

2. trilogy. The college entrance examination composition of about 800 words is generally suitable for three paragraphs. It is also a good structural way to write the college entrance examination composition directly in the name of "trilogy". In 2006, a candidate in Hubei wrote a trilogy about maternal love with three titles: Part I: Japanese, Part II: Monthly and Part III: Star.

3. Sub-argument structure. Generally speaking, argumentative essays usually adopt this structure, and the beginning of each paragraph in the article is the argument of this paragraph, which is generally expanded horizontally, vertically or in combination. In 2006, a candidate in Anhui, studying Ouyang Xiu, made a horizontal argument with "showing your impressive generosity, admirable generosity, moving diligence and modest and cautious attitude".

4. sigh again and again. In the article, each paragraph begins with exactly the same sentence, which has the function of coherence and emphasis and can strengthen the expression effect. For example, in 2005, a candidate in Zhejiang Province wrote "A Dream of Red Mansions, A Thousand Sighs". Except for the first paragraph, the other three paragraphs all begin with "a song of red mansions, a thousand sighs"

5. Dialogue. Set a scene, let different characters sit together, and communicate around a theme through time-space transformation, so as to better express the theme of the article.

6. Contrast. One positive and one negative, positive and negative contrast; Pay attention to the complexity of people and things, not simplification, absoluteness and one-sidedness.

7.montage. Montage in movies refers to the cutting and combination of shots, or editing. The same three shots, with different editing methods, have completely different effects. Such as: a person is laughing; Pistol pointing; A frightened face; Pistol pointing; A person is laughing/the former shows cowardice and fear, while the latter shows courage. Using montage structure in composition, we should create several or more elements (pictures) and combine them into a brand-new content (theme), so as to make the article concise and rich in image design and highlight the theme.

In addition, there are two-line interleaving structure, call structure and so on, which are not described in detail.

Fourth, language.

Without words, it is not far away. The basic requirements of college entrance examination composition for language are: standardization, accuracy and coherence. To get high marks, we must pay attention to literary talent: proper words, flexible sentence patterns, good use of rhetoric and vivid sentences. Whether there are any bright spots in the exam composition and language directly affects the award of impression points. "A composition,' the moon', is the best; If there is no' moon',' bright star' is also very good; There are no' bright stars', and it is not bad to have' a few stars'; What Qian Qian can never show the marking teacher is' night, darkness'. " (A composition marking teacher in Jiangsu) Some candidates like to use abbreviations, English words and online languages, and some marking teachers are disgusted with such languages. It is best not to use or use less network language, or a language whose meaning is only known by a few people.

1, quoting poetry. Classical, modern, Chinese and foreign, properly quoted, can show literary accomplishment and taste. It can be explicitly referenced, implicitly referenced, used and embedded. Implicit quotations and cultural applications do not need quotation marks, such as "learn to be indifferent to the bright moon and clear springs, learn to be free and easy in life, and listen attentively to the true meaning of life in the embrace of the country" (Feel the Country by a candidate in Zhejiang Province in 2008). "It is obviously' drinking the bright moon alone' and Li Bai's' taking my shadow to make the three of us'" (What is after the snow by a Shanxi examinee) makes the language vivid and meaningful.

2. Very meaningful. Between the limited lines, there are rich connotations, which are memorable. "There is no road on the ground. If there are more people walking, it will become a road. " (Lu Xun's Hometown) is a sentence with rich meaning and warning. Pay attention to honing your language at ordinary times, and you can use others' or your own "aphorisms" and "maxims" appropriately in your composition.

3. Humorous language. In the college entrance examination composition, use humorous language to show confidence and wisdom. For example, in the Who's Who of the College Entrance Examination in 2007, a candidate in Chongqing expressed his feelings and experiences about the college entrance examination with the help of historical figures such as Fang Zhongyong, Runtu, Kong Yiji, Zhuge Liang and Jin Fan, and was humorous.

4. Simple language. A good article doesn't have to use gorgeous words and famous poems. Articles with people or things around them as the theme are true, pure and sincere, and naturally brilliant. For example, Miss Sky, a candidate in Jiangsu in 2007, described the scene of his father and himself harvesting wheat. It was natural and natural, and it was a "simple article from real life".

5. The language of famous books. Most of the marking teachers are Chinese majors, and using the language of famous books can get more recognition and appreciation; You should be very familiar with the narrative style and language style of the borrowed masterpieces and be proficient in using them. For example, in 2004, a candidate in Jiangxi Province wrote "Love Because of Love, Sister/Mistakes and Mistakes to Advise Brother-A Chapter Outside a Dream of Red Mansions".

6. The language of passion. Embodying vitality, the article has momentum and feelings at the end of the pen. Full of emotion, warm and generous, use short sentences, use exclamatory sentences, interrogative sentences and parallelism sentences appropriately. For example, Su Wu Forever in 2005 was written by a candidate in Sichuan.

7. rhetoric. Rhetoric in a broad sense generally refers to choosing words to make sentences and modifying words. Here mainly refers to rhetoric in a narrow sense, such as parallelism, enhancing literary talent and positive energy; Contrast makes the described things vivid and vividly expresses the feelings for the described things; Metaphor makes things vivid and tangible, turns abstraction into concrete, and simplifies complexity; Wait a minute.