The husband is divided into officials, and the level is linked. The emperor listened to the pearls (1), and the princes sang the jade dynasty. Apply and play two words, work hard. Therefore, Yao consulted the four mountains and asked them to give him eight yuan (3). After he made a firm statement, he went to Qin (4) and played the imperial court. The bandits forged a fake book (5). But if it is typed in words, the meaning of the chapter will also be expressed; Ming test, that is, the canonization of the code. Immediately after Tai Jia, Yi Yin wrote the imperial edict ⑦, thinking of harmony and returning to Bo, writing a book of praise and offering it as ⑧, so I saw everything. The second generation Zhou Jian, 9 years old, is full of art and science. Once again, I pay tribute to the chief inspector, and I would like to dedicate my life to Yang. After attending this ceremony, I will accept this book and dare to do Pixian 1 1. Although the words are not separated, Xie Chen is still visible.
To annotate ...
(1) Dropping beads: The ancient emperor had a plate on his crown, and twelve silk ropes with jade beads hung in front of the plate. Listen: Listen to the government and the courtiers' reports.
2 application: statement. Play: input.
③ Shun: Shun Di. Eight yuan: eight sages in ancient legends.
4 Yu: Allow, permit. A yes or yes answer. Qin: I admire you.
⑤ Han Shu: Articles. John pen.
6 code: law.
Yi Yin: Minister Cheng Tang. Tai Jia was unwise after he succeeded to the throne and was exiled by Yi Yin. Three years later, Tai Jia repented, and Yi Yin sent him back to Beijing to reset, and wrote three hymns for him in Tai Jia.
8 Dedication: Dedicate beauty. Substitution: Remove the negation. Dedication, advance; Replace, discard. This sentence refers to helping the emperor carry forward correctness and overcome mistakes.
9 supervisor: learn from it. Second generation: refers to Xia and Shang dynasties.
Attending kowtow: kneel and kowtow. Yes, Yang: Answer and publicize. Divorce: the virtue of kings. Hugh, beauty.
1 1 Pi: large. Show: Show off.
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The state establishes official posts, which are divided into different positions, with high and low positions and interrelated affairs. The emperor wears a crown to listen to government affairs, and princes and ministers wear dresses to appear before the emperor. The courtiers put forward various opinions on governing the country to Jin Chen, and the monarch clearly verified the validity of his opinions with its efficacy. So, Tang Yao consulted the elders of four governors, and Yu Shun appointed eight talented sages. The liegeman had a firm request to resign, and the monarch had a prudent appointment. These are all oral statements in court, not written statements. It is the significance of this style to state one's various political opinions in oral language; Understand that checking its efficacy is the standard way to award titles. When Yin Taijia acceded to the throne, Yi Yin exhorted Yi Yin Xun; Later, Tai Jia thought about the morality in exile. Yi Yin asked him to return to Beijing to succeed him, and Yi Yin praised him in Taijia. Using articles to help the king, developing advantages and removing shortcomings can be seen from here. The Zhou Dynasty used the Xia and Shang Dynasties for reference, and the etiquette of emphasizing reason became more and more abundant. When Zhao Hu accepted the gift from the son of heaven, he said, "Zhao Hu knelt down to thank him and praised the virtue of the son of heaven." Jin Wengong accepted the emperor's policy and thanked him: "How dare I, Zhong Er, take on this great task!" Although they are all oral thanks, there is no difference between oral and written, but the content of the thank-you statement can also be seen.
original text
Speaking of the Seven Kingdoms, I haven't changed the ancient style. It is said that this is a letter to the king. Customized at the beginning of Qin dynasty, changed books to play. There are four kinds of etiquette in Han dynasty: chapter one, performance two, table three and discussion four. Chapter to thank, play to disintegrate, table to Chen please, discuss differences. Zhang, Ming also. The cloud "chapter of the sky" ② symbolizes civilization; Its cultural relics are red and white. Watch, mark also. Ceremony has a table (3), which means that virtue is seen in the instrument; Its interior type ④, scene ⑤ Yue Biao. The purpose of this chapter is to cover this point. According to the seven strategies of literature and art, folk songs must be recorded; Chapter table to commemorate, the cardinal of the country, but not the editor, ⑦, each has its own story, cloth is also on the job.
To annotate ...
1 product: class.
(2) Tian Pian: It can be found in The Book of Songs Ya Ji, which is about the Milky Way. Zhang, Zhang Ming, means that the Milky Way is a "strip" of the sky.
3 Rites: The Book of Rites. Note: One of the Book of Rites.
(4) Type of implements: the style of implements can be used as a symbol. Type and method.
⑤ kuí scene: an instrument for measuring time according to the shadow of the sun, which is extended to measurement and measurement. Slap, measure. Scenery is the same as "shadow" and sunshine.
⑥ Seven Views: Catalogue of Ancient Books compiled by Liu Xiang and Liu Xin in the Western Han Dynasty. Wen Yi: A catalogue of ancient books compiled by Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty on the basis of the Seven Laws-Records of Han Art and Documents, which recorded some ballads from various places.
⑦: Lack. Compilation: Compilation refers to collecting materials and compiling them into books.
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By the Warring States period, the ancient ceremony had not changed, and he told the king in words, calling for writing letters. In the early Qin dynasty, the system was stipulated and renamed as "writing". In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the etiquette system was formulated, and the letters written by ministers to the emperor were divided into four types: one called Zhang, the other called Play, the third called Biao and the fourth called Yi. The chapter is used to thank, report impeachment charges, state reasons and put forward different opinions. "Zhang" means to be clear. The Book of Songs says: "The Milky Way is brighter than the sky", which means bright. If it is on a literary object, red and white are called chapters. "Table" means marked. The Book of Rites has "notes on the table", saying that morality can be seen from the outside. If it is on an object, the instrument that measures the shadow of the sun to calculate time is called a watch. This is probably where the names of "chapter" and "table" come from. According to Liu Xin's Qilv and Ban Gu's Hanshu Yiwenzhi, even ballads, poems and other folk songs should be included. These works are important documents for managing state affairs, but why not record them? This is because according to the old regulations, they are scattered in various competent departments.
original text
The former Han expressed gratitude, and there were few articles left. And the tea bureau of the later Han dynasty (1), you must try to play the throne. Zuo Xiong commented that Tiger ② is a type; Hu's play was the best in the world: it was also an outstanding pen at that time. The beginning of Guan Bo's visit to the mausoleum (3) shows the beauty of his canon. Yesterday, Jin Wen accepted this book, and the three words are obedience. It is given by the end of the Han dynasty, and it is three broken. Cao Gong ⑥ called it a watch without three big discounts and glitz. Therefore, it is not beautiful enough for Wei Chu to show his chapters, point out that things are real and seek their beauty. For the recommendation of Wen Ju, Mi Heng is full of enthusiasm; After Kong Ming said that he was a teacher, he was determined to be smooth: although he was flashy, he had different purposes and also showed his English. Pet-name ruby chapter table Lin Jun, famous at that time; Kong Zhang said health, its standard is also. Chen Si attending table, peerless talent; Looking at its physical support and rhythm, its words are clear and clear, which should be varied, skillful and interesting. More than 1 1, it can be used urgently and frugally.
To annotate ...
(1) Later Han Dynasty: Eastern Han Dynasty. Chaju: Local recommendation of talents was a system of selecting talents in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
2 Taige: Shangshutai, the organ responsible for chapter playing.
③ Bo Shi: Hu Guang's Ci. The Mausoleum, written by him, doesn't exist today. Goodbye; Mausoleum
(4) Watches surrendered at the end of Han Dynasty: refers to watches that Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was forced to abdicate to Cao Pi and Cao Pi resigned.
⑤ Off: Cut off.
6 Cao Gong: refers to Cao Cao. Cao Cao's words cannot be tested.
⑦ Not beautiful enough: not beautiful enough.
⑧ Kong Ming: There is a "model" in Zhuge Liang's words, which exists today. Ancestors: Liu Chan, the ancestor of Shu, the son of Liu Bei, with Liu Bei as the ancestor.
Pet-name ruby: Chen Lin. Jun: Ruan Yu. Both of them were writers in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Pi's Dian Lun Paper says that Lin Hejun's chapter is the secretary of the watch, which is today's trickling water.
Participation: Chen, Cao Zhi.
1 1 (Pei): halter.
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There are few chapters and tables handed down from generation to generation in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the system of filial piety was implemented, and those who were elected were required to make chapters, statements, achievements and articles. Zuo Xiong wrote a memorial table, which was taken as the standard by Shangshutai. Hu Guang's chapters and performances are called the best in the world. The chapters, tables, performances and discussions they wrote were all excellent works at that time. Look at Hu Guang's Tomb Robber, and you can see the beauty of his elegant works. In the past, I accepted the knighthood of Zhou Tianzi and resigned three times before accepting the knighthood. Therefore, Cao Pi resigned from the throne of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty only three times. Cao Cao said that more than three concessions are unnecessary and flashy is not allowed. Therefore, in the early days of Wei, all descriptions of events were required to be true. If we want to measure them by brilliance, it is not a perfect work. As for Kong Rong's "Praise Meter Scale", it is full of momentum and literary talent; After Zhuge Liang bid farewell to the Northern Expedition, the "Model" written by the Northern Expedition fully expressed his thoughts and his words were fluent. Although these two works have different intentions in simplicity and brilliance and different writing purposes, they are both excellent works. The chapters of Chen Lin and Ruan Yu were very prestigious at that time; Xelloss praised Zhang Biao of Chen Lin for his high spirit, which is also an example for Zhang Biao. Chen Caozhi's watch is the best among talents. Look at his works, which are rich in content, harmonious in rhythm, fresh in words, vivid in feelings, ingenious in feeling things, and interesting in changing with things. This is because his writing style is like riding a fine horse. As long as he has extra talent, he can do whatever he wants, and he can respond in tune whether he walks slowly or gallops.
original text
Zhang Hua was Zhang Jun at that time. Third, let the public seal, reason Zhou's words, repay righteousness more than things, and you will get your spouse, the world's rare emu, who doesn't care about the watch. Yang Gong's words opened the government, which was well known in previous talks; Yu Gong's "Let the Chinese Book (3)", the letter and beauty are in the front: the preface is related to the ambition, elegant and luxurious. Liu Kun advised Jin, Zhang Jun (4) preface, (5), and the beauty table (6) also.
To annotate ...
Zhang Hua: a writer in the early Western Jin Dynasty. Jun: Very clever.
② Wren (jiāo liáo): namely "Wren Fu", Zhang Hua's masterpiece. Wren, songbirds and birds.
③ Yugong: refers to Yu Liang, a scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty. Jin Mingdi promoted him to be the director of China Library, and he wrote "Let China People Order Books" and resigned. Zhongshu: Governor of Zhongshu Province.
④ Zhang Jun, a princess and writer in Qianliang during the Sixteen Kingdoms Period, is the author of "Excuse me, Shi Hu Li Chronology".
⑤ G: Bright. Jay: Zheng Da.
Table 6: As a "person".
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Zhang Hua was the most talented person in the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty. He resigned from his post three times after the appearance of Duke Wu of Jinfeng Zhuang, and he was thoughtful and concise. Quote ancient meanings, compare facts and demand duality. People at present and later generations attach great importance to his Ode to the Wren, but no one knows that his chapters and tables are also well written. To yang hu's "Ci Kai Fu Biao", people have praised it before, and Yu Liang's "Let the secretariat make Biao" is indeed better than the previous chapters. Their watches are related to emotions and events, and they are quite elegant. Liu Kun's "Advising Table" and Zhang Jun's "Preface" are excellent chapters and tables for stating state affairs, with exquisite wording, aboveboard, righteous words and powerful writing.
original text
It turned out that my husband's seal was also used, so I praised Wang Ting and made him clear. Not only its body, but also Guohua. Chapter making flaw 2, wind engraving should be clear; Show strategy, pick bones, and shine: teach the truth with the name and take the text as the foundation. It is based on Zhang Bingben (4) and takes Canon Ink (5) as the goal, which is heavy but not simple, bright but not shallow; There are many bags on the surface, but the situation is false. 6 fan its wind must have elegance and righteousness, and it is beautiful when it is clear. However, people with sincere words are sincere, and people with extravagant feelings are frustrated by words. 7. They will make complicated agreements correct, the reality will win, and the kiss will not lag behind, so the law will be gentle. Zi Gongyun said, "Make it with your heart, and make it with your words". Xun Qing's pet-name ruby thinks that "observing people's kind words is better than articles", which can also be compared with Hu Si!
To annotate ...
① Text: "Twenty-four years of Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong": "Jie Zhi said:' Words are the text'." "The body, itself; Literature and literary talent refer to cultural accomplishment.
2 make a mistake: reach the palace gate. Build and arrive. Que, the watchtowers on both sides of the palace, refers to the imperial court.
③ Bone harvest: bone strength.
4 books: decoration.
⑤ Canon Ink: Shangshu includes Yaodian and Great Mo Yu, which refer to classics in general.
6 false feeling: authenticity.
⑦: It means that feelings are dominated and mastered by literature.
⑧ Zi Gong: Duanmu Mingci, a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, was a disciple of Confucius. In the twelfth year of Zuozhuan's mourning for the public, Lu Aigong met the prince of Wu, who asked for an alliance. Aigong did not want to form an alliance, and instructed Zigong to reply: "The heart should be controlled, the jade should be given, and the words should be collected." It means that the heart should conform to righteousness and the words should have conclusions. Here is the loan, with a slight change in meaning.
9 Xun Qing: Xunzi. Xunzi's Flying Chapter: "It's more beautiful to look at people and talk."
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The function of Zhang Biao is to answer and publicize the kindness of the son of heaven and show the inner affection. It not only shows his literary talent, but also shows the glory of the country. Zhang was sent to the palace to give thanks, and the style and norms of the article should be clear and smooth; Tables are used to state strategies, and the strength and literary talent of articles are suitable for obvious display. It is essential to demand the essence of chapter and table according to its name, which is based on literary talent. Therefore, Zhang Zhi's system is obviously brilliant, and his intention is to learn classics. Concise but not brief, obvious but not superficial. The contents of the watch system are varied, and the authenticity of the contents has changed many times. We should publicize its wind power with correct meaning and show its color with vivid words. However, sincerely written chapters, tables and characters are dominated by sincere feelings; Flashy chapters and tables, thoughts and feelings are covered up by rhetoric. The words must be concise and appropriate, the gorgeous form is equivalent to the real content, and the tone is beautiful, which conforms to the law of making chapters and tables. Zi Gong said, "Make words with ideas, and express your mind with words." This is to unify the meaning of language and content. Xun Qing thinks: "It is better to wear beautiful clothes than to persuade people with kind and beautiful words." It can also be used to compare the meanings of words!
original text
Praise: Apply a blushing face and present Fu Yi body double. Words must be true and clear, and righteousness is great. Su Wen, coherent from beginning to end. The gentleman grasps the text and the rhetoric is Philip.
To annotate ...
① "Fu": The original meaning is the screen behind the throne of the ancient emperor, engraved with axes. This refers to the son of heaven.
2 grasp the text: make a "pen". Grab a pen: just take a composition.
(3) Fee: It looks very literary.
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Summary:
Jin Chen's seal was sent to the court,
Contribute goodwill to the emperor to correct mistakes.
Words must be correct and clear,
The meaning of truth should be grand and magnificent.
Serious and polite,
It is organized from beginning to end.
Scholars and gentlemen picked up pens,
Words make people pay attention to beauty.
Comment and analysis
Zhang Biao's "Zhang" and "Biao" are the names of styles, which are the styles of courtiers' speeches to the emperor in feudal society. The following points also fall into this category.
The whole article is divided into three parts: first, the meaning, origin and formation process of chapter table. Second, talk about the author of Han Dynasty, Wei's Harmony Table and their works. Thirdly, it puts forward the basic requirements of chapter and table writing, and puts forward the basic requirements of "complex and correct, Chinese and practical victory"
There are many famous works in ancient China, such as Zhuge Liang's Example, Shi Mi's Chen Qingbiao, and Liu Kun's Exhortation Table. , all have the value of literary works.