The evaluation of Cao Cao in the history books is: "the most brilliant", "a strange man, a peerless talent", "a capable minister of governing the country, a traitor in troubled times" and "a hero in the world by writing poems horizontally." The famous "Let the County Know the Book" was written in the fifteenth year of Jian 'an (2 10), and every word was aboveboard and sincere. Cao Cao said emotionally: "Let there be no orphans in the world. I don't know how many people are emperors and how many people are kings. " That's true.
In the long historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there is an obvious way to belittle Cao. However, later scholars thought that this was a deliberate distortion of the facts and did not correctly evaluate Cao Cao. Cao Cao is talented and versatile, and his tactics and tactics are flexible and changeable in the military. He made great contributions to the unification of northern China, the recovery of economic production and the maintenance of social order at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of internal affairs, Cao Cao established a system of reclaiming farmland and ordered soldiers who didn't need to fight to go to the fields to farm, thus alleviating the food problem during the war in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
Cao Cao's poems are greatly influenced by Yuefu, and all the existing poems are Yuefu songs. Although these poems follow the old theme of Yuefu, they do not follow the poems of the ancients, and are not bound by other ways. Instead, they inherit the spirit of "feeling sadness and joy, born of things". For example, Lu Luxing and Good Li Xing were originally elegies, but Cao Cao used them to mourn the troubled times. "Out of the East Gate" was originally a song lamenting the impermanence of life and the need to eat, drink and be merry in time, but Cao Cao used it to express his ambition to dominate the world and the magnificent scenery he saw when he returned from the Northern Expedition. It can be seen that Cao Cao's innovative folk songs opened up a new style of Jian 'an literature and influenced Du Fu, Bai Juyi and others later.
There are three contents in Cao Cao's poems: reflecting the reality of unrest in the late Han Dynasty, unifying the ideal of the world and the indomitable spirit, and expressing unforgettable negative emotions.
In the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao had a wide range of social contacts. Therefore, he has many personal experiences and understandings. For example, Hao describes the tragic scene of the war at the end of the Han Dynasty. When he saw the sufferings of the people, he also saw the sympathy of the poet when he was hurt. Therefore, later generations called Cao Cao Yuefu "a true record of the late Han Dynasty, an authentic poem".
Cao Cao was born in an official's family and had ambitions for the world, so he had unified ambitions. In the short Song Dynasty, there was a saying that "the Duke of Zhou vomited food, and the world returned to the heart". Its enterprising spirit can also be seen. For example, in "Although the tortoise lives a long life", it is said that he will not give up his ambition even in his later years.
A generation of heroes, who have enjoyed the scenery for a lifetime, also died when the stars fell. Cao Cao also felt helpless about this, and he could only make a poem and sigh. For example, in short songs, the sadness of "morning dew, how painful it is to go to Japan", Hu Xing's low mood in autumn, and Shang Mosang's works of wandering immortals can all see his negative emotions.
Cao Cao's poetic form is very innovative. He is particularly good at writing five-character and four-character styles. Hao was originally a miscellaneous word, but Cao Cao rewritten it into five words, which was very successful. Four-character poems have declined since The Book of Songs, and there are not many excellent works, but Cao Cao inherited the national style and the tradition of Xiaoya, reflecting reality and expressing emotions. For example, "Short Song" and "Out of the Summer Gate" are masterpieces of four-character poems, which make them reborn and glow again. Cao Cao's poems are simple, straightforward, bold, sad, gloomy and vigorous. The colorful words are rare, but vivid as the poem "Watching the Sea": "The autumn wind is bleak, the waves are rough, and the trip to the sun and the moon, if it is outside, the stars are brilliant, if it is outside." A few strokes can show the poet's mind with a vast seascape without retouching.
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Cao Cao's information [ZT]
Cao Cao has twenty-five sons:
Cao Ang was killed by Zhang Xiu when he was young.
In 220 AD, Cao Pi forced Wei Wendi, the Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, to abdicate.
Cao Zhang, whose name is Huang Shuer, is a warrior general who once defeated Dai Jun by 50,000. In 225, he was appointed king of this city.
Cao Zhi, who is good at literature, once wrote The Ode to Luoshen. Although he was favored by Cao Cao, he finally failed to compete with his younger brother Cao Pi, and since then he has done nothing politically. In 225 AD, Chen was made king.
Good morning, Cao Xiong.
Good morning, Cao Shuo.
Cao Chong, a famous child prodigy, once weighed elephants according to the principle of buoyancy.
According to Cao, he was made King of Pengcheng in 232 AD.
In 232 AD, Cao Yu was crowned the Prince of Yan.
In 232 AD, Cao Lin was made King Pei.
In 232 AD, Cao was made King of Zhongshan. When he was seriously ill, Wei Mingdi and Cao Rui took good care of him, and after his death, he got a grand burial.
Cao Da 2 1 1 Feng Xixiang Hou.
Cao Jun was named Chen Liuwang in 232 AD.
Good morning, Cao.
In 232 AD, Cao Gan was made king of Zhao.
Good morning, Cao Shang.
In 232 AD, Cao Biao was made King of Chu. In 25 1 year, he rebelled against ling with him and was sentenced to death.
Good morning, Cao Qin.
Good morning, Cao Cheng.
Cao Zheng was sealed in 2 17 AD.
Good morning, Cao Jing.
In AD 2 17, Cao Jun was named Fan Hou.
Good morning, Cao Ji.
In 232 AD, Cao Hui was made King of Dongping.
Cao Mao has been at odds with Cao Cao and Cao Pi. In 232 AD, he was named King Dongping.
References:
Cao Cao Ji was written by Cao Cao, edited by Zhonghua Book Company, 1959.
In history, Cao Cao said:
Cao Cao
Cao Cao (155 ~ 220), namely Wei Wudi. Politicians, militarists and poets in the Three Kingdoms period. The word Meng De, nicknamed A Zang, was born in Qiao Shi (now Bo County, Anhui Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the military strength was gradually expanded in the suppression of the Yellow Scarf Army. In the third year of Chuping (AD 192), Yanzhou was occupied, and part of Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army was lured to become "Qingzhou soldiers". The first year of Jian 'an (196), Xian Di Xu (now Henan). Relying on the emperor to be a vassal, he successively calmed down the separatist forces such as Lu Bu. After the battle of Guandu defeated warlord Yuan Shao, the northern part of China was gradually unified. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, he ascended the position of Prime Minister, led his troops south, and was defeated by Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. Wang Wei was later blocked. His son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and made him Emperor Wu.
He reclaimed land and built water conservancy projects in the north, which solved the problem of insufficient rations and played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production. Employ people on their merits, break the concept of family status, attract the middle and lower classes of the landlord class, restrain the strongmen and strengthen centralization. The social economy of the ruling area has been restored and developed. He is good at the art of war and has written books such as Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Tzu's Art of War. Articles such as Good Poetry, Hao and Looking at the Sea express their political ambitions and reflect the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty, which are magnificent, generous and sad. Prose is also neat. His works include "Wei Wudi Collection", which has been lost and is based on the Ming Dynasty. There is a typesetting copy of Cao Caoji today.
Cao Cao (155-220) was a politician, strategist and writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Formerly known as Xiahou, the word Meng De, nicknamed Ayun. He was born in Peiguoqiao County (now Bo County, Anhui Province), the eldest son of a big bureaucratic landlord family. Because his father, Cao Song, is the adopted son of Cao Teng, China's constant servant, he changed his surname to Cao. Because of this relationship, Cao Cao had the opportunity to get in touch with bureaucratic children from an early age. Yuan Shao, the future enemy, is also a friend of Cao Cao when he was young. Cao Cao is seven feet long with fine features and a long beard. I have been free since I was a child, but I am very talented, resourceful and good at improvisation. At that time, there was a famous person in Runan named Xu Shao who was good at commenting on characters. He commented that Cao Cao was "an able person who managed the world and a traitor in troubled times".
After the death of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, the general took charge of state affairs as a consort. But when he killed the eunuch, he was ambushed. At this time, Dong Zhuo, who has the title of Wolf of the West, led the army to take over the capital. Zhuo entered the city and changed to Shao's younger brother Liu Xie. Most ministers fled Luoyang in succession. Cao Cao also fled to Liu Chen to gather volunteers and condemn Dong Zhuo.
In the first year of Chuping, generals from all walks of life elected Yuan Shao, a prominent family, as the leader and asked Dong Zhuo for help in the Western Expedition. However, due to the ulterior motives of the generals, the insurgents failed. In this battle, Cao Cao met his future sworn enemy Liu Bei for the first time.
In the third year of Chuping, Dong Zhuo was killed by Wang Yun and Lu Bu. The two men were taken over by Zhuo's subordinates Li Jue and Guo Si. And a group of ministers escaped from Chang 'an, but they were hunted down by Li and Guo. Cao Cao discussed with Yu Xun and Cheng Yu and invited Xian Di to Xuchang. From then on, Cao Cao began to hold the emperor as a minister.
Later, Cao Cao went to the Western Ocean in the name of Xian Di. Successively pacified the Kanto and Guanzhong areas. And Liu Bei once became his subordinate. Next, Cao Cao will face his old friend-Yuan Shao.
At that time, Yuan Shaopan was in charge of Youxian, Hebei, Binhe and Qinghai. He is strong in military power and brave as a cloud. Although Cao Cao has become the overlord of the Central Plains, he has always had a certain distance from Shao in strength.
In the fifth year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao's army went south and fought Cao Bing in Guandu. Finally, Cao Cao attacked the granary in Yuan Jun with five thousand cavalry led by General Xu You. When Yuan Bing saw the store burned down, Cao Jun took advantage of the situation to attack. Yuan Shao failed. The battle of Guandu established Cao Cao's hegemony in the north.
After the victory of Guandu Battle, Cao Cao spent several years stabilizing the north and pursuing Yuan remnants (Shao Bing died soon after his defeat). In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao led an army south to levy Liu Biao. In the same year, Liu Biao died and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. Facing Cao Cao's fierce army, Liu Cong decided to surrender. Cao Cao took over Jingzhou easily. Perhaps because Jingzhou was easy to get, Cao Cao decided to crusade for Sun Quan. But not as powerful as Liu Cong and others.
Sun Shi occupied Jiangdong from Sun Ce, and it has been popular ever since. Coupled with the natural barrier of the Yangtze River, the Sun Shi regime has a solid foundation. After receiving the news from Cao, Sun Quan held several military meetings. During the meeting, the main battle and the main faction had a heated debate. Finally, under the analysis of Zhou Yu and Lu Su, Sun Quan decided to play.
In December of the 13th year of Jian 'an, Sun Quan's army confronted Cao Jun in Chibi. Zhou Yu set fire to Cao Cao's warships, and Cao Jun was defeated. From then on, Cao Cao couldn't go south on a large scale. If the battle of Guandu decided Cao Cao's hegemony in the north, then the defeat of Chibi was a battle in which Cao Cao Can only dominated the north.
Since then, although Cao Cao provoked wars on the border of Wu Dong many times, both sides won and lost. At the same time, Liu Beixi set up Yizhou as the self-styled king of Hanzhong. The trend of three pillars has become. Even Cao Cao, the hero of the earth, can't change this fact.
In the 21st year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao was promoted to Wang Wei.
In the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao died at the age of sixty-six.
The following year, Cao Pi, the son of Cao Cao, usurped the Han Dynasty and sealed Wei after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Regard Cao Cao as Wu Taizu
(1) Family background
Cao Teng, Cao Cao's grandfather, is the fourth son in the family, whose name is Ji Xing. It involves four emperors: Han An Di, Han Shun Di, Han Huan Di and Han Ling Di. He was first favored by the emperor because he had studied under the then Crown Prince Han Shundi. From Huangmen, he transferred from a big official to Xiaohuangmen, and then to the Intermediate People's Court. He has served in the province (that is, the palace) for more than 30 years and has been cautious. His family has never been bullied in his hometown. Moreover, Cao Teng often recommended some celebrities to the emperor, such as Chen, Bian Shao, Nanyang Yangu, Zhang Wen, Hongnong Zhang Huan, Yingchuan Tang Xidian and so on. At that time, there was a magistrate in Shu County who asked an official to send some gifts to Cao Teng (an official who went to the Central Committee to report on his work every year), but the result was discovered by Yizhou Secretariat. Planting trees, the prefect was dismissed, Cao Teng was impeached and Ting Wei was prosecuted. The emperor said to the emperor, "The book is foreign, not Cao Teng's fault." So there is a memorial left in the middle (that is, it is not processed). As a result, Cao Teng didn't mind it at all, and often praised that kind of official in front of the emperor. Later, when I became Stuart, I said with emotion, "I can become Stuart because of the help of Cao Changshi!" " "Cao Teng tied the family to evil, and was close to the scholar-officials, which caused widespread praise of Cao Teng from all walks of life at that time. After his death, Cao Song, his adopted son, still worked as an old farmer in the imperial court, and even bought a pawn with money.
But don't think Cao Teng is a good man. After the death of Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty, his youngest son, Emperor Chong of Han Dynasty, just turned two years old and died one year after his succession. At that time, ministers thought that an old and virtuous imperial clan should be made emperor, and they all liked Liu, king of Qinghe. In order to stay in power, the consorts named the son of filial piety in Bohai, who was only eight years old, as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. But the little emperor is also very clever. He pointed to Liang Ji at the court meeting and said to his ministers, "This domineering general is also." Liang Ji was frightened and poisoned the little emperor who had just ascended the throne a year ago. At this time, ministers urged Qinghe to produce garlic. Ji Liang intended to let his brother-in-law Hou Liuzhi, but when he saw this excitement, he had no idea and didn't know how to refuse.
Qinghe king liu garlic, "is a serious person, stop moving moderately. Courtier Guli and others are anxious. " However, Cao Teng once visited Liu Garlic, but Liu Garlic didn't treat her with courtesy, which aroused the hatred of Cao Teng. Cao Teng rushed to Jiliang's home overnight to persuade him, and said to him, "The general has a close relationship with the pepper house all his life, and there are many guests, various and full of mistakes. King Yan of Qinghe, if established, the general will suffer soon. It is better to stand in my position and wealth will last forever. " Liang Ji accepted his suggestion and forced Wu Li and Hou Liuzhi to be emperors, both in the Han Dynasty and in the Han Dynasty. Cao Teng took the credit, moved to DaChangQiu, reached the acme of eunuch status, and was blocked as a fee.
(2) Life experience
At that time, big eunuchs often conferred titles, but who will inherit their titles? There are three ways:
First, adopt a kindred as an adopted son.
Second, adopt one and a half surnames as adopted sons.
Third, buy an orphan as an adopted son.
The Book of Wu says that Cao Cao was adopted from Xiahou. But I disagree with this statement. There are two reasons:
First, if Xiahou's family is Cao Cao's own, wouldn't it be against the principle of "same-sex marriage" for Cao Cao and Xia Houdun's children to marry each other?
Second, Yuan Shao called Cao Cao's father Cao Song "a beggar's support" in "Asking Cao Cao". With the frequent contacts between Yuan Shao and Cao Cao in his youth, Yuan Shao should be more aware of the origin of Cao Cao's life.
Third, it is reasonable to say that when Cao Cao established his own country, he should build the country with his own surname, but he didn't restore Xiahou's surname, just because he didn't know the source of his original surname or he simply adopted it from Cao Shi's clan.
So to sum up, Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, has only two sources, most likely the adopted orphan, and the second is the adoption among Cao Tengzong's sparse relatives.