According to the regulations of academic hall, the abstract of a paper should generally explain the purpose, experimental methods, results and final conclusions of the research work. The focus is on the results and conclusions. Generally speaking, Chinese abstracts do not exceed 300 words, and foreign abstracts do not exceed 250 substantive words. Figures, tables, chemical structures, symbols and terms that are not widely known and commonly used are not used in the abstract unless absolutely necessary. You can start a new page before the title page (this page has no text), and the abstract of an academic paper is generally placed after the title and author and before the text of the paper.

Abstracts of papers are also called abstracts and executive summaries. It is a short article, which concisely and accurately describes the important contents of the literature, without comments or supplementary explanations. Its basic elements include research objectives, methods, results and conclusions. Specifically, it is the main object and scope of research work, the means and methods adopted, the achievements and important conclusions obtained, and sometimes other important information with intelligence value. It should be self-evident and have the same amount of information as the literature, that is, you can get the necessary information without reading the full text. Needless to say, it needs to be scrutinized word by word. The content must be complete, specific and obvious. Although the English abstract is based on the Chinese abstract, it should consider the needs of readers who can't read Chinese, and the substantive content can't be omitted.