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What is the "South-to-North Water Transfer Project"
The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is to transport a part of the abundant water resources in the Yangtze River basin to North China and Northwest China to alleviate the water shortage problem in those areas (China has always been flooded in the south and drought in the north). The South-to-North Water Diversion Project has three water diversion routes: East, Middle and West. The scale and difficulty of this project exceed the Three Gorges Project, and the project has been fully started.

Directory [hidden]

1 The project has been proposed.

2 East Line Project

2. 1 project overview

2.2 Major projects

2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of the project

3 midline project

3. 1 project overview

3.2 Major projects

3.3 Advantages and disadvantages of the project

4 West Line Project

5 Main data of the project

6 Disputes and Countermeasures

7 references

8 external links

9 See also

[edit] project proposal

1October 30th1952-10, Mao Zedong proposed that "there is more water in the south and less water in the north, so it is ok to borrow some water if conditions permit". Since then, the Water Resources Department of Chinese mainland has held many meetings to discuss and organized experts to conduct a comprehensive demonstration. After decades of research, the overall layout of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project has been determined as: transferring water from the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, that is, the west line project, the middle line project and the east line project.

[Editor] East Line Project

[Editor] Project Overview

The East Line Project is planned to be implemented in three phases, and construction officially started on the morning of February 27th, 2002. The project mainly uses the existing river course and surrounding lakes of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and uses gates to control it. The East Route Project plans to divert water from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The 13 pumping station built along the line will gradually pump water to the north, pass through Hongze Lake, Roman Lake, Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake, and supply water to Shandong in two ways. After crossing the Yellow River all the way, it supplies water to the eastern part of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and flows by itself until it finally reaches Tianjin. The other road leads east to Qingdao and Yantai. The main water conveyance line on the east line is1150km long, including 660km south of the Yellow River and 490km north of the Yellow River. The water transmission line from Dongping Lake to Shandong Peninsula is about 690 kilometers long.

[Edit] Major projects

Water conveyance project (including water conveyance channel, pump station hub and Yellow River crossing project)

water storage project

Power supply project

[Editor] Advantages and disadvantages of engineering

Advantages: The East Route Water Transfer Project is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with guaranteed pumping capacity and little impact on the ecological environment. At the same time, there are existing rivers and lakes that can be used, and the project cost is small and the construction is fast, which has been put into practice.

Disadvantages: pumping water requires a lot of electric energy and the running cost is high. Pollution and poor water quality.

[Edit] Midline Project

[Editor] Project Overview

The mid-line project started construction on February 3, 20031. The project draws water from Danjiangkou Reservoir, which is located in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River. The first sluice of the main water conveyance canal is Taocha Canal in Xichuan County, Nanyang City, Henan Province. Along the way, it passes through Funiu Mountain and Taihang Mountain piedmont plain, crosses the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Yellow River and Haihe River, builds a special water supply passage for interchange, and uses gravity flow to supply water along the way, and finally reaches Beijing and Tianjin. The total length of the main canal of the Middle Route Water Diversion Project is 1246 km, including 462 km south of the Yellow River, about 10 km across the Yellow River and 774 km north of the Yellow River. Tianjin main canal length 144 km.

[Edit] Major projects

Water source area project (including Danjiangkou water control project, Danjiangkou water control project continuation project and compensation project in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River)

Water conveyance project (including main canal and yellow river crossing project)

[Editor] Advantages and disadvantages of engineering

Advantages: the water quality is good, the coverage is large, the terrain is high in the south and low in the north, and the water can be diverted by itself, which greatly saves the operation cost.

Disadvantages: It takes a lot of work to dig and build a long dedicated water supply channel. The main water sources in southern Shaanxi are not allowed to develop industry, which greatly affects the economic development of the local100000 population. [3][4]

[Editor] West Line Project

See: Great West Line Project.

The goal of the West Line Project is to transfer water from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the Yellow River, so as to solve the problem of drought and water shortage in northwest China and parts of North China. This line project is located in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with high altitude, complex geological structure and strong earthquake intensity. In addition, a high dam of about 200 meters and a tunnel with a length of 100 kilometers will be built. The engineering technology is complex and costly, and it is still in the process of feasibility study.

[Edit] Main data of the project

Eastern, Central and Western Lines

Investment (RMB) Static: 32 billion (including the static investment of the first phase of the main project of 654.38+0.8 billion and the investment of pollution control project of 654.38+0.4 billion) Static: 40 billion static: 46.893 billion static.

Earthwork (cubic meters) 776 million earthwork excavation: 600 million.

Stone excavation: 600 million yuan

Earth and stone filling: 230 million-

Concrete (m3) 5.29 million15.83 million-

Steel bar (ton)-700,000-

Permanent land occupation (mu)-422,000 mu (including the reservoir area)

Temporary land occupation (mu) 339 10 10000-

Water transfer scale (m3/s): overall planning:1000; The first stage: 600 ~ 525-

[Editor] Controversy and Countermeasures

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project has caused widespread controversy since it was put forward. Opponents mainly think that the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has a high cost, involves a large number of immigrants, and the amount of water transferred is too small to play an economic role. Excessive water transfer may cause insufficient water in the dry season of the Yangtze River, affect the navigation of the Yangtze River channel, deepen the salt tide in the Yangtze River estuary, and more easily lead to ecological crisis. Most supporters believe that the Yangtze River is rich in water resources, and a large amount of water flows into the sea every year. Transferring some of them to the water-deficient areas in the north can solve the water shortage problem in the north, and the negative impact can be minimized through prevention, compensation and comprehensive management and development measures.

Liu Shukun, chief engineer of Institute of Hydraulics, China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, and chief engineer of Disaster and Environment Research Center, questioned the South-to-North Water Transfer Project because of the drought in southwest China at the beginning of 20 10. He believes that the once-in-a-century drought in southwest China should be corrected and the frequency and possibility of drought should be reassessed. He believes that the results of these assessments will affect water conservancy dispatching, and when major water conservancy projects will start, how big the scale is and how big the impact is, they must be reassessed [5].

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project has resettled 330,000 people in Henan Province and Hubei Province, which has brought turmoil to the lives of immigrants. Some immigrants can only buy a small piece of cultivated land because of insufficient compensation after buying the housing provided by the government. However, there are few job opportunities in resettlement places, and some people have to plan to leave their homes to work in big cities. [6]

20 1 1 The drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has made people question the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and whether the south has enough water resources to allocate to the north has once again been severely tested. When faced with climate change, whether it will have a far-reaching impact on the ecological environment of the Yangtze River basin must also be included in the assessment and consideration [7].