Three Types of Teaching Papers and Their Writing Methods

If the current common teaching papers are classified from the perspective of content (excluding classroom record, case design, narrative notes, educational essays, etc.). ), can be roughly divided into the following three categories: method-based, viewpoint-based, and essay-based. Teaching and research papers, as the name implies, mainly focus on argumentation and elaboration. Although all the above three types of teaching papers need to be demonstrated and elaborated, there are obvious differences in specific writing procedures. The following analysis one by one.

First, the paper teaching methods

This is a paper introducing specific teaching methods and experiences. In teaching practice, we usually explore a novel and effective operation method, or explore some experiences with universal significance. It should be said that any teacher with certain teaching experience will have his own good methods and experience as long as he pays a little attention. When this method and experience are mature, it can be summarized and refined to write a teaching paper. The title of this paper is usually an attempt (practice, application, practice and exploration) or an operational sentence. For example, encourage students to take the road of life composition, apply the teaching of self-study-questioning-dispelling reading, and guide students into the text by reading classic model essays. The writing procedure of methodology education teaching thesis is generally-

1. Explain the basis of the application method.

Why use this method? What is the basis? The application of any novel method cannot be fabricated out of thin air, and there is always a certain background. There are usually two backgrounds: realistic background and theoretical background. Realistic background refers to the actual situation and objective existence in current teaching; Theoretical background refers to new teaching theories and concepts. Before the method is introduced, it should be written clearly. A clear description of the background is helpful to enhance the practical pertinence of the paper and the practicability of the method. If the concepts involved in this method are obscure, it is necessary to explain them so that readers can understand them from the beginning.

2. Introduce the implementation process of this method.

This is the key part of the teaching paper, and the method must be described in detail. The introduction methods should be based on the specific situation. Some methods are gradual and have a logical order, and should be introduced step by step according to the logical order. Some methods are parallel and have no strict logic, so they can be introduced in the order of the first question and the second question. When introducing, don't use empty and mysterious words in the subtitle, and don't use words expressing results instead of operations. Try to use operational language and directly state how to do it. Compared with "recommending three fashionable and beautiful articles to students every semester", if it is changed to "cultivating students' sentiment with fashionable and beautiful articles", it is better to list the items in sections with subheadings. If there are many operation steps, it can be divided into several aspects under the subtitle. In short, the introduction of methods should be hierarchical, so as to facilitate readers' reading.

3. State the effect of implementing this method.

After a scientific and novel method is implemented, it will often achieve ideal results. As a methodology teaching paper, it is necessary to state its effect in order to attract readers' attention. There are two effects: overt and covert. For explicit effects, data should be used whenever possible. For some things that cannot be explained by data, you can give examples and choose one or two typical examples. When stating the effect, it is most taboo to say something big and empty, such as "improving enthusiasm and stimulating interest" Speaking with facts is the key to convincing people. Of course, the effect of the statement must be related to the implementation method, not to all the effects unrelated to this method.

4. state some matters that should be paid attention to

In the process of implementing a certain method, there are bound to be some unexpected problems, such as thinking that a link is simple but actually complicated, or thinking that students are very interested but actually not interested; When some methods are implemented, there must be sufficient material preparation and psychological preparation, and people who have not experienced them may not notice them. In short, what should be paid special attention to before, during and after a certain method is implemented, and it should be explained clearly so that readers can avoid detours. This part can be simpler.

For teachers who are in the front line of teaching, what they like best is the teaching paper of the method-based teacher, because it is the most practical and can be used in their own practice immediately after learning; The easiest thing to write is the method-based teaching paper, because it comes from your own practice and you do what you think, so it is easier to write. How to raise the methodological teaching thesis to a certain theoretical level and how to make the introduction method more universal is the key to the writing of methodological teaching thesis.

Second, teaching papers based on viewpoints

In teaching practice, many teachers will often produce some new ideas and ideas through continuous learning and thinking, and will not be unhappy; Once you have new ideas and ideas, you feel that they will have certain warning and guiding significance to reality, and you always want to express them, so you have an opinion-based teaching paper. Viewpoint-based teaching papers directly expound the author's viewpoints, and often use sentence patterns such as the titles "Yao ……", "Shi ……" and "Should (Must) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… For example, "juniors should pay special attention to their studies"

1. Put forward opinions according to the present situation.

Views are always put forward through the analysis of the status quo and are based on facts. So you can list some phenomena first, state one or two specific facts, and then sum up your own views from the phenomena and facts. The phenomena and facts here must be typical, not individual accidents; Views must be clear, not vague, not absolute or extreme. For example, a teacher in Zhejiang recently wrote a teaching paper and put forward his own point of view: reading teaching in middle and senior grades is facing brand-new challenges after comparing the Chinese textbook for primary schools in Zhejiang Education Edition that is still in use with the textbook to be used in People's Education Edition according to the new curriculum standard. This view is based on the comparison of two textbooks, and the new textbook is about to be used, so it has strong practical significance.

2. Put forward an analytical point of view.

Opinions alone are not convincing. Only through concrete argumentation can the viewpoint hold water and be accepted by readers. This part is an argument. Arguments are usually based on theories or facts. The theoretical basis is reasoning, deduction or generalization with logical thinking, and some famous people's views are often quoted as evidence. The factual basis is to present tangible facts. Generally speaking, the more sufficient the basis, the more convincing it is. For example, the above-mentioned view that "reading teaching in middle and senior grades faces new challenges" is demonstrated by the author from the following aspects: a. the weight in the classroom has increased significantly; B. the requirements for extracurricular reading are improved; C. it is difficult to understand the text; The text content is rich and varied; E. knowledge distribution is loose and disorderly. Naturally, the author made a detailed analysis of these bases, or illustrated them with examples, or used statistics, or compared them. This part is the focus of this kind of article, and its length should account for more than two thirds of the full text.

3. Draw a conclusion and point out the countermeasures

After detailed argumentation, there is often a conclusive statement. This statement can be a reaffirmation of views, a summary of main views, an extension of views, some constructive opinions and hopes, and some new thinking. This paragraph can be omitted, but it must be concentrated and powerful.

Opinion-based teaching papers express personal ideas, especially brand-new ideas, which are often unacceptable to some people. This is not important, and don't think too much. The key is to be able to justify yourself. The views of this newspaper must be clear. If they are afraid of different opinions and dare not express their opinions directly, they will not deliberately write any articles, which is also the taboo of opinion-based teaching papers.

Third, the paper-based teaching papers

At present, the writing of educational prose is very prosperous. It should be said that this is a very good phenomenon. The composition is short in length, casual, convenient to draw materials, lively in form, and does not occupy a lot of writing time, which is very suitable for front-line teachers. The writing of the composition is flexible and diverse, which seems difficult to be summarized by a fixed procedure, but we can still sum up some basic ideas by reading a lot of compositions in the current educational newspapers. In other words, this is.

1. Narrative examples lead to ideas.

Educational papers often start with specific cases. The requirements of this case are: authenticity, vividness and originality. Truth means that the case must really exist in life, what you have seen, heard or even experienced, rather than making it up and hearsay; Vivid means that the case has a certain story, but it is also interesting, or it has classic details and is readable, not that kind of bland cliche; Innovation refers to the clue that a case can reflect a new trend, a new consciousness or a new phenomenon. For example, the following situation:

This is a classroom demonstration activity for district-level excellent primary school Chinese teachers. The third teacher is a young woman teacher. The text she teaches is "Dong Cunrui gave his life to blow up the bunker". Because she borrowed a class, at the beginning of the class, the teacher asked the students, "Who do you admire most?" The students raised their hands one after another, some said they worshipped the star Ronaldo, some said they worshipped the movie star Zhao Wei, and some said they worshipped the chess king Nie Weiping ... After the students talked about some objects of worship, the teacher asked, "Guess who I admire most?" As soon as the voice fell, the students almost said in unison, "The teacher worships Dong Cunrui." Hearing such a neat answer, nearly 100 teachers burst into laughter in the multimedia classroom. Why do teachers laugh? Laugh at the students' clever answers? Laughing at students' neat answers? I'm afraid not. Originally, the teacher may say that she worships Dong Cunrui, but this burst of laughter embarrassed the teacher and made her speechless. She can't admit it or not.

This case is undoubtedly novel and innovative. The narrative of the case should be concise and not rough, concrete and not cumbersome, not generalized and not described in detail. Whether the case is typical or not largely determines the value of the essay. Therefore, carefully selecting cases is the first step in writing a composition. After introducing the case, you can talk about your feelings and thoughts.

2. In-depth analysis of indirect speech

The connotation of examples is always diverse, and you can often think from many aspects and produce different ideas. However, when writing a teaching paper, you can't think of what to write, and you can't write everything. Instead, we should grasp the deepest, most innovative and most practical points to develop. In writing at this level, you should pay attention to the following points:

A. Don't talk about things, just make a simple judgment and say whether this phenomenon is good or not. Simple judgment is easy, but it is not convincing.

B. Look at the essence through the phenomenon, deeply analyze and dig the root behind the phenomenon. For example, there is a short article entitled "The Dignity of Teaching lies in Thought", and after citing examples, it is analyzed that: "Some teachers are too obedient to do what the textbooks say, and do exactly what the reference books say. They regard textbooks and teaching references as absolutely correct imperial edicts and dare not cross the line. Why are they so cautious? There are three reasons: first, they think that teaching in this way can't be wrong and safe, because textbooks and teaching references are like this. If they are wrong, it is not my responsibility; Second, they think that by teaching in this way, they can effectively cope with exams. The content of the exam is always in class, and there is no bottom outside class, so they can firmly grasp it in class. The third is labor saving. What is already in textbooks and teaching materials can be used without thinking, and no one will say it. " This analysis is practical and convincing.

C. The analysis should be based on extensive references, and the ideas should be opened and briefly described in many aspects to enhance the depth and breadth of the article. Or the article "The Dignity of Teaching lies in Thought". After analyzing the reasons, there is a passage that extends and develops. "Four hundred years ago, Pascal, a famous French thinker and philosopher, said:' Man is just a reed, which is the most fragile thing in nature. But he is a thinking reed. So he added, "All human dignity lies in thought." Pascal was sickly all his life, only 39 years old, but he left a towering monument behind him. His thought record has brought spiritual comfort to countless people. This sentence after Pascal seems a little incomprehensible at first glance, but it makes sense when you think about it: 1. That's not a slave! Here, I would like to take the liberty to extend that all the dignity of teachers' teaching also lies in their thoughts. If a teacher wants to be respected in teaching, he must have his own personality and thoughts. A person without his own teaching ideas can't win the respect of students and the appreciation of his peers. "This quotation not only highlights his thoughts, but also makes the discussion more powerful, and at the same time increases the vividness of the article.

Pay attention to the beginning to show your attitude

There are generally three ways to write the end of a teaching paper based on a case: one is to take care of the beginning and make a conclusive judgment on the case; The second is to express their wishes and demands; The third is to emphasize and reiterate your own views. The article "The Dignity of Teaching lies in Thought" ends like this: "Thought is a kind of dignity. The biggest shame of people is that they are not good at thinking, and the biggest pain is that their thoughts are suppressed and they can't speak; The most glorious thing for a person is that his ideas are supported by others. As a contemporary teacher, we should not just spread his thoughts, but should strive to embody his thoughts and practice his ideals. " This conclusion undoubtedly further emphasized his own point of view.

Among all the styles of educational teaching papers, the writing of academic teaching papers is the most uncertain, but several characteristics of academic teaching papers are the most important: novel conception, vivid materials and lively language.