Action 1
Formulate policies to promote the protection and sustainable utilization of biodiversity.
(1) Establish and improve the policy system of price, tax, credit, trade, land use and government procurement related to biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization, and give preferential treatment to biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization projects in terms of price, credit and tax.
(2) Improve the ecological compensation policy, expand the policy coverage and increase capital investment.
(3) Formulate incentive policies to encourage the recycling of biological resources and give policy support to the development of alternative technologies for biological resources.
Action 2
Improve the legal system of biodiversity protection and sustainable utilization.
(1) comprehensively sort out the contents related to biodiversity protection in existing laws and regulations, adjust the conflicting and inconsistent contents among different laws and regulations, and improve the systematicness and coordination of laws and regulations.
(two) to study and formulate laws and regulations on the management of nature reserves, wetland protection, genetic resources management and biodiversity impact assessment, and to study and revise the forest law, wild plant protection regulations and urban greening regulations.
(3) Strengthen the legislation on alien species invasion and biosafety, study and formulate laws and regulations on biosafety and alien invasive species management, and study and revise the regulations on the safety management of agricultural genetically modified organisms.
(4) Strengthen the construction of national and local biodiversity laws and regulations enforcement system.
Action 3
Establish and improve biodiversity conservation and management institutions and improve inter-departmental coordination mechanisms.
(1) Establish and improve the biodiversity management institutions of relevant departments and the biodiversity management coordination mechanism of local governments, and strengthen the capacity building of grass-roots protection management institutions.
(2) Evaluate the effectiveness of the existing "China Coordination Group for the Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity" and "Inter-ministerial Joint Conference System for the Protection of Biological Species Resources" and strengthen their coordination and decision-making capabilities.
(3) Strengthen communication and coordination between national and local management institutions.
(4) Establish an inter-departmental cooperation mechanism to combat illegal acts that destroy biodiversity.
Priority 2: Integrate biodiversity conservation into sectoral and regional planning and promote sustainable use.
Action 4
Incorporate biodiversity conservation into departmental and regional plans and plans.
(1) The departments in charge of biological resources such as forestry, agriculture, construction, water conservancy, ocean and traditional Chinese medicine should formulate their own biodiversity protection strategies and action plans.
(2) reflect the requirements of biodiversity conservation in the planning and planning of science and technology, education, commerce, land and resources, water conservancy, energy, tourism, transportation, publicity, poverty alleviation and other relevant departments.
(3) The provincial government should formulate strategies and action plans for biodiversity protection in this region.
(4) Formulate strategies and action plans for biodiversity conservation in river basins.
(5) Establish the evaluation and supervision mechanism of planning and plan implementation, and promote the effective implementation of planning and plan.
Action 5
Ensure the sustainable use of biodiversity.
(1) Carry out the pilot project of biodiversity impact assessment, and carry out the post-evaluation of the effectiveness of biodiversity protection measures for large-scale construction projects that have been completed.
(2) In-depth development of ecological construction demonstration areas such as ecological provinces, ecological cities, ecological counties, ecological towns, national garden cities (counties and towns) and national ecological garden cities.
(3) In agriculture, forestry, fishery, water conservancy, industry and energy, transportation, tourism, trade and other fields. To promote ideas and codes of conduct conducive to biodiversity conservation.
(4) Advocating consumption patterns and catering culture conducive to biodiversity protection.
Action 6
Reduce the impact of environmental pollution on biodiversity
(1) Continue to implement the water pollution control projects of "Three Rivers and Three Lakes", the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, the Songhua River, the Pearl River, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the water sources along the route.
(2) Continue to carry out comprehensive treatment of sulfur dioxide in power plants, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, building materials and other industries, and carry out treatment of urban smoke, dust, fine particles and automobile exhaust.
(3) Continue to build facilities for centralized disposal of medical wastes and hazardous wastes, urban solid waste treatment facilities and low-level radioactive waste treatment facilities, and comprehensively control chromium slag and polluted soil.
(4) promote the treatment of sewage and garbage in villages and towns, and carry out the treatment and restoration of rural sewage, garbage, agricultural non-point source, livestock and poultry breeding pollution, soil and historical pollution left over by industrial and mining enterprises.
Focus 3: biodiversity survey, assessment and monitoring.
Action 7
Conduct a survey of biological species resources and ecosystem background.
(1) Conduct a comprehensive survey of biodiversity background in key areas of biodiversity protection.
(2) Investigate key species resources in key areas and key species types.
(3) Establish national and local database of species background resources.
(4) Organize the national wildlife resources survey on a regular basis, and establish resource files and cataloguing.
(5) Investigate the background and diversity of aquatic biological resources in river wetlands.
(6) Building a national biodiversity information management system.
Action 8
To carry out the investigation and cataloging of biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge.
(1) Focus on remote areas and ethnic minority areas, investigate and collect local crops, livestock and poultry variety resources, wild edible and medicinal plants and strains, and deposit them in the national germplasm resource bank.
(2) focus on the investigation of important trees, wild flowers, medicinal organisms, aquatic organisms and other germplasm resources, and carry out resource collection, preservation, cataloging and database construction.
(3) Investigate the traditional knowledge, innovation and practice related to biological genetic resources in minority areas, establish a database, and carry out benefit research and demonstration.
Action 9
Carry out biodiversity monitoring and early warning
(1) Establish a monitoring standard system for ecosystems and species resources, and promote the standardization and normalization of biodiversity monitoring.
(2) Increase the development and construction of modern equipment and facilities for monitoring ecosystems and different biota.
(3) Relying on the existing biodiversity monitoring power, build a biodiversity monitoring network system, carry out systematic monitoring and realize data sharing.
(4) Develop biodiversity forecasting and early warning model, establish early warning technical system and emergency mechanism, and realize long-term and dynamic monitoring.
Action 10
Promote and coordinate the informatization construction of biological genetic resources
(1) sort out all kinds of biological genetic resources information, and establish and improve the biological genetic resources database and information system.
(2) Formulate a unified and coordinated biodiversity data management scheme among departments, and build an information sharing system for biological genetic resources.
Action 1 1
Conduct a comprehensive assessment of biodiversity
(1) Develop the evaluation system of ecosystem service function and economic value of species resources, and carry out pilot demonstration of economic value evaluation of biodiversity.
(2) Assess the distribution pattern, changing trend, protection status and existing problems of important ecosystems and biological groups in China, and regularly publish comprehensive assessment reports.
(3) Establish and improve the assessment mechanism of endangered species, and regularly publish the national endangered species list.
Priority area 4: Strengthening in-situ conservation of biodiversity
Action 12
Coordinate the implementation and improvement of national nature reserve planning.
(1) Coordinate the implementation of the development plan of nature reserves and establish an information management system.
(2) Strengthen the construction of nature reserves in priority areas for biodiversity protection, optimize the spatial layout, and improve the connectivity and overall protection capacity of nature reserves.
(3) Study and establish cross-border protection zones in Wusuli River, Dalai Lake in Inner Mongolia, Wulate in Inner Mongolia, Altai in Xinjiang, Xiaerhili in Xinjiang, Hongqilafu Pass in Xinjiang, Mount Everest in Tibet and the lower reaches of Tumen River.
Action 13
Strengthen the protection of key areas for biodiversity protection.
(1) In the mountainous plain area of Northeast China, we will focus on the construction of the Songnen-Sanjiang Plain, the swampy wetlands along the lower reaches of the Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers, the Tumen River and the Yalu River, and the nature reserves of rare migratory birds' migration sites and breeding sites.
(2) In the grassland desert area of Mengxin Plateau, we should strengthen the protection of wild fruit tree resources in Xinjiang and the genetic diversity of Tetraena mongolica and Sabina vulgaris, which are endemic to desertification areas.
(3) In the Loess Plateau of North China Plain, the protection of water conservation forests should be strengthened, and various ecological functional zones should be planned to reduce soil erosion on the Loess Plateau.
(4) In the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we will focus on protecting the alpine desert animals such as Cordyceps sinensis, Tibetan antelope, Tibetan wild donkey, Tibetan gazelle, snow leopard, rock sheep, argali and black-necked crane.
(5) The forest ecosystem should be protected in the southwest alpine valley area, and species such as giant panda and pronghorn, as well as Tricholoma matsutake and Cordyceps sinensis in Hengduan mountain area should be protected.
(6) Animals and plants in limestone areas such as western Guangxi and southern Guizhou should be protected in the mountainous and hilly areas of central and southern China.
(7) Hills and plains in East and Central China, lakes and wetlands along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, ancient and precious plants and rare and endangered fish resources should be protected.
(eight) in the hilly areas of South China, focus on the protection of primates, Asian elephants, Hainan deer, bison and other wild animals and tropical rare plants endemic to Xishuangbanna in southern Yunnan and the mountainous areas in the south-central part of Hainan Island.
(9) Focus on protecting coastal wetlands in Bohai Bay and tidal flats in the Yellow Sea.
(10) Formulate relevant plans, policies, systems and measures for biodiversity protection in priority areas.
(1 1) Strengthen supervision and carry out the construction of demonstration areas for biodiversity restoration and protection.
Action 14
Carry out standardization construction of nature reserves
legal ground
China Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (20 1 1-2030)
Two. Achievements, Problems and Challenges of Biodiversity Protection
(A) the implementation of the action plan
Since 1994, the main objectives set in the action plan have been basically achieved, which has played a positive role in promoting biodiversity protection in China. However, due to the lack of sufficient financial support and project implementation supervision mechanism, and the public's awareness of biodiversity protection needs to be improved, some actions and projects in the action plan have not achieved good results.
(b) Effectiveness of biodiversity conservation
1. The legal system for biodiversity protection was initially established. Our government has promulgated a series of laws related to biodiversity protection, mainly including wildlife protection law, forest law, grassland law, animal husbandry law, seed law, entry-exit animal and plant quarantine law and so on. A series of administrative regulations have been promulgated, including Regulations on Nature Reserves, Regulations on the Protection of Wild Plants, Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Regulations on the Import and Export of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants, and Regulations on the Protection and Management of Wild Medicinal Materials Resources. Relevant industry authorities and some provincial governments have also formulated corresponding rules, local regulations and norms.
2. A series of biodiversity conservation plans and plans have been implemented. After the release of the Action Plan, the China Municipal Government successively issued the Outline of the Development Plan of China Nature Reserve (1996-2010), the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan, the National Ecological Environment Protection Plan and the National Biological Species Resources Protection and Utilization Plan (2006-2020). Relevant industry authorities have also issued and implemented a series of plans and plans in the fields of nature reserves, wetlands, aquatic organisms and the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources.
3. The working mechanism of biodiversity protection has been gradually improved. China has set up a coordination group for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in China and an inter-ministerial joint meeting for the protection of biological species resources, established an information exchange mechanism for biodiversity and biosafety, and initially formed a national coordination mechanism for biodiversity protection and implementation. According to the needs of work, relevant departments have set up relevant institutions for biodiversity management. Some provincial governments have also established coordination mechanisms for biodiversity protection.
4. The capacity of basic investigation, scientific research and monitoring of biodiversity has been improved. The relevant departments have organized many national or regional species surveys, established relevant databases, and published catalogue records such as Flora of China, Fauna of China, Spore Flora of China, and Red Book of Endangered Animals in China. Relevant departments have successively carried out scientific research and monitoring of species resources in their respective fields, and established corresponding monitoring networks and systems.
5. Significant achievements have been made in local protection. By the end of 2008, China had established 2,538 nature reserves at all levels, with a total area of14,894,300 hectares, accounting for 15. 13% of the country's land area, exceeding the world average of 12%, including 303 national nature reserves, which initially formed a relatively different type.