The brain is the material basis of psychological activities. After biological evolution, long-term productive labor and social practice, the human brain has gradually developed and perfected, and its functions are fine and complex, which is unmatched by any computer in the world today. Therefore, human beings can not only understand the world, adapt to the environment, but also actively transform the world. If the brain is affected by harmful factors and its function is disordered, it will be manifested as insanity and behavioral disorder, which is mental illness. In other words, there are obstacles in psychological activities. It should be said that if the brain is diseased, its function will inevitably be affected. As for what symptoms appear, it depends on which part of the brain is damaged. The symptoms of some diseases are mainly paralysis and numbness. These diseases should be called nervous system diseases; Other diseases have symptoms such as changes in thinking, mood and cognition, which are called mental diseases. Pathologically, mental patients generally can't find specific lesions in the brain, while patients with nervous system diseases can find specific lesions, such as brain tumors, bleeding, intravascular thrombosis and so on. Therefore, it can be said that neuropathy is caused by organic pathological changes in the nervous system; Mental illness is often a functional disease. There is a clear difference between the two.
According to the investigation of relevant data, genetic factors, quality factors, biological, physical and chemical factors and psychosocial factors are important factors for the occurrence and development of mental illness. The incidence of similar mental illness among relatives of mental patients is significantly higher than that obtained in the normal census. The closer the blood relationship, the higher the incidence, which confirms the role of genetic factors. The so-called quality refers to physical quality and psychological quality. The formation of quality is related to the structure of human brain, congenital inheritance and acquired environment. Poor quality is easy to get mental illness. Infection of the whole body or nervous system by bacteria, viruses and parasites, poisoning by drugs, food and toxic gases, and head trauma are the physiological and physical factors that cause mental illness. In addition to the above reasons, natural and man-made disasters, personal setbacks, long-term mental stress and heavy ideological burden are all psychological and social factors of mental illness.
Second, the main points of early prevention work
The vast majority of young officers and men who are sick have a medical history, and the duration of the disease varies. Some of them rely on drugs to maintain their condition. In order to do a good job in early prevention, three levels should be strictly controlled. The first is to strictly control the physical examination. All units should carry out mental tests, electroencephalograms and other inspection items as soon as possible for people with symptoms such as insanity and behavioral disorders, so as to eliminate mental and nervous system diseases as much as possible; The second is to strictly control unannounced visits. Leaders of grass-roots units, especially those with troops, should pay more attention, pay more attention, ask more questions, and check in time when suspicious diseases are found. The third is to strictly control the audit. All units should do a good job in the physical examination of officers and men of the army on a regular basis according to the physical examination standards and the actual situation of their own units. Patients suspected of mental and nervous system diseases should be further identified by the Corps Hospital to prevent soldiers with mental and nervous system diseases from staying in the army. Psychoanalysis therapy, psychoanalysis therapy, suggestion therapy and drug therapy should be adopted in time for recruits suffering from mental and nervous system diseases, especially schizophrenia and hysteria. For patients recovering, the new training team should pay attention to them in life. Give spiritual encouragement and psychological counseling. Patients with repeated illness shall be handed over to the local government for treatment according to the relevant regulations of the higher authorities.
Third, flexible use of appropriate grooming methods.
To prevent the generation of bad psychological state of young officers and soldiers, we should first carry out targeted psychological education and guidance according to the psychological characteristics of young officers and soldiers to improve their psychological quality and common sense; Secondly, it is necessary to provide targeted mental health care to young officers and men who have already had psychological problems in time, and adopt psychological counseling, lectures on psychological common sense, mental health education and other methods to alleviate their bad psychological state and eliminate morbid psychology. It is necessary to strengthen the education of world outlook and outlook on life for young officers and men, combine the overall education with individual guidance, make the best use of the situation, and effectively prevent the bad psychological state of young officers and men. Common psychological counseling methods are as follows:
(1) Education Guidance Law. Including psychological education and ideological education. Psychological education is to let officers and men learn the methods of self-comfort, self-liberation and self-venting through the study of psychological knowledge, and correctly treat work pressure, progress and frustration, family changes, personal marriage and injury, etc. Ideological education is to publicize, mobilize and encourage officers and men according to their psychological characteristics at that time in peacetime or before performing sudden, arduous and dangerous tasks, so that officers and men can decompress and relax, enhance their adaptability and psychological endurance, and achieve the purpose of relieving their nervousness and psychological fluctuations.
(2) Environmental dredging method. Whether the police camp environment is harmonious or not directly affects the mental health of officers and men. Therefore, political cadres should actively optimize the interpersonal environment, living environment, competitive environment and democratic environment of the police camp, cultivate the sentiments of officers and soldiers, broaden their minds, adjust their emotions and divert their attention, so that young officers and soldiers can gradually resolve their psychological problems while feeling collective friendship.
(3) Suggested dredging methods. Without confrontation, it is often unexpected and effective to indirectly and moderately influence the coachee through sincere and euphemistic language, accurate and vivid expression and specific and infectious behavior, so that he can understand the causes of psychological obstacles and correct them. When using psychological suggestion for counseling, we must pay attention to positive suggestion, suit the remedy to the case, make good use of skills and be appropriate. There is no hint of silver 320 in this innocuous place, which will not only have a good effect, but also may cause new psychological fluctuations and new problems to the people being coached.
(4) Incentive guidance method. Its psychological basis is the satisfaction of people's self-esteem needs and the realization of self-worth. Therefore, we should sincerely respect, understand and trust the guided person, win and influence their hearts with love and sincerity, and on this basis, put forward adaptive expectations from the perspective of stimulating the psychological potential of the guided person, so that they can forget and overcome the bad mentality such as depression, inferiority and pessimism in the process of positive acceptance. It is worth noting that when using the incentive guidance method, the incentive goal is what they can jump and achieve, otherwise, the high expectations will make them feel unattainable and lose confidence.
(5) Pay attention to the grooming methods. When American President Lincoln was young, he became a very melancholy man because of the death of his lover Anne. He goes to the cemetery every day, and sometimes he waits there alone for a long time. Everyone was afraid of his nervous breakdown, so they told him to chop wood, dig potatoes, pick beans and milk cows, keeping Lincoln busy all day and having no free time to think about Annie. As a result, Lincoln finally got out of the depression. As political cadres, officers and men should make full use of their spare time to arrange officers and men in cultural and entertainment places such as libraries, reading rooms, ball rooms and karaoke bars when they have psychological obstacles due to unexpected events. Turn your attention to your favorite cultural activities, let yourself forget your troubles in singing, eliminate fatigue in playing games, feel beautiful in reading, and get rid of unhealthy state as soon as possible.
(6) catharsis and dredging method. Under the condition of long-term psychological depression, officers and men are prone to psychological problems and even serious psychological diseases. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish some practical psychological venting and psychological relief rooms for officers and men according to local conditions, which can effectively vent bad emotions. The practice of Matsushita Corporation of Japan to set up a vent room for employees with psychological imbalance is worth learning. According to the actual situation of grass-roots troops, psychological hotline, psychological communication mailbox, psychological communication network, etc. We should establish a place for young officers and men to vent their psychological pressure, pour out their psychological words, release their psychological accumulation and resolve their psychological contradictions. In addition, give full play to the advantages of political work and make a fuss about respecting the democratic rights of officers and men and improving the democratic life system of the army, that is, listen to the opinions and suggestions of officers and men with an open mind in the form of individual talks, military meetings, democratic life meetings, etc., straighten out emotions, resolve contradictions and balance the psychology of officers and men in time.