The materials used can be strictly controlled by viewpoints, which is a problem that must be handled well in writing argumentative papers. To deal with this problem, we should work hard in the following aspects;
First, the argument should be correct and reasonable. Vivid.
For example, the teacher asked the students to write an argumentative essay according to the following paragraph. The main idea of this material is: one day, two people went to buy a shield. A man stood on the left of the shield seller and said, "This shield is a golden shield." A man stood on the right side of the shield seller and said, "This shield is a silver shield." The two men turned red in the face. Then the shield seller said, "You are both wrong. This shield is neither gold nor silver. On one side is a gold and silver shield. "
We write argumentative essays based on these materials. How can the arguments put forward be correct, reasonable and distinctive?
Some students said this: this shows that everything must have the views of the masses.
Some students say this: don't jump to conclusions at will, think carefully and express your opinions after thinking it over.
Obviously, the above two formulations are divorced from raw materials and irrelevant.
Some students argue that this shows that we should not look at the positive side of the problem, but at the negative side.
I'm thinking: shouldn't we see the positive side of the problem and only the negative side? This statement is certainly not correct.
Some scholars put forward the argument that this shows that we should see both sides of the problem, not just one side, but also other aspects. In short, we should look at the problem comprehensively, not unilaterally.
The argument put forward in this way is more correct, reasonable and distinct.
As can be seen from the above formula, students should pay attention to the following points when writing argumentative essays: from the specific situation, they have to choose the right words, and it is difficult to say what they say is right.
Second, analysis and reasoning should conform to the correct principles.
When writing an argumentative essay, analysis and reasoning can't be irrelevant and subjective. You can't think that everything you say is reasonable. There are ~ objective criteria for the correctness of analytical reasoning. We should look at this problem from a correct standpoint.
Let's see if the following "analysis" is correct.
Some students "analyze" this way: we often see such people, and we are happy when we see other people's praise. In fact, there are good and bad compliments, and we can only listen to good ones.
Praise is not good. Although it is "nice", it is "not nice". So there's nothing to hear.
Good compliment "
By the way, here are the questions of "connecting with one's own specific experience" (or "connecting with one's own specific case") and "connecting with reality".
"Connecting with your own concrete examples" and "Connecting with reality" should be specific and appropriate. But they are also different: the former focuses on their own experience, and the latter can be a broader social situation. For example, the teacher told a story: Qi Xuanwang is good at archery, and he likes to be praised for his ability to draw a hard bow. The envoys around him listened and deliberately said something flattering to please them. Obviously, he can only pull open the "three stones" (here, Dan is read, and one stone in ancient times is 120 Jin), but he deliberately said that he can pull open the "nine stones". Some even tried to pull the bow, but in the middle they pretended to be dizzy and couldn't pull it, saying, "You Gonta people are hard, and no one can pull it except you. How can a villain like us get out? " In this way, Qi Xuanwang thought he could pull "nine stones" to death, but he didn't know that he could only pull "three stones". With such materials, you can get in touch with the reality of social life extensively, but it is not easy to get in touch with your own "experience". However, some students insist on "contacting themselves" and say, "I like to flatter myself like Qi Xuanwang". Some students "connect with social reality", but they are specious: "There are still many Qi Xuanwang-style figures in today's society, and one of their manifestations is to treat guests and give gifts through the back door." These "analyses" are biased and confuse the essence of things.
We should learn to analyze. The analytical method is dialectical. Look at the problem comprehensively to prevent one-sidedness and absoluteness.
Third, we should be good at talking about "small things", but don't use narration instead of discussion.
There are many "little things" in our daily life; ; For example, "giving up your seat" to other passengers on the bus, not spitting, not swearing, these seem to be "trivial things", but you should learn to "exploit loopholes" when writing a composition. Make a mountain out of a molehill How to deal with the relationship between "narration" and "discussion" in argumentative essays, such as "carrying forward the spirit of getting what you pay for" and "swearing is uncivilized", are all inspirations for students to write such compositions. You can't just say that things are not discussed, and you can't just describe the detailed process of the case without analysis. For example, it is unnecessary to spend most of the time telling stories about Yang Le and Zhang Guanghou's study from primary school to university. It is not good to "discuss this matter by yourself" or "discuss it with Syria".
Be clear about what you want to "describe". It may be used as an "introduction" to lead to an argument, or it may be used as a factual argument to prove an argument. The purpose of "narration" is to better "discuss".
"Narration" should focus on the central idea, which should not only be summarized, but also have some specific contents. Don't elaborate on what those people know. And those things that can be used as arguments to prove the argument should be written clearly as the key points, so as to explain and explain the truth.
Fourth, we must also serve others.
Argumentative writing must convince people with reasoning. Well-founded, not only to say "so", but also to say "why". Therefore, to "convince people by reasoning", we should:
"fewer but better", not "more and more". The facts you put forward and the truth you speak should be to the point. Cannot be used
Because the more you talk, the fuller you will be. You can't "win by more". You should prevent the phenomenon of piling up words and lists.
Be targeted. This is discussed closely around the central argument. Speaking positive arguments, you can't "rock the boat and hit Heng Pao"; To refute a wrong argument, criticize its fallacy and don't say anything irrelevant to it. "irrelevant" and "you say yours, I say mine" can't contradict each other.
Say "why" clearly and don't label it casually. Especially when pointing out the seriousness and harmfulness of the problem, we should pay more attention to this point. For example, when writing the composition "Spitting is unacceptable", some students said, "Is spitting right? Of course not! Spitting everywhere is very uncivilized. If it develops, it will degenerate into a criminal. " That's too much.
That's enough about using ideas to control materials when writing arguments.
The second question to pay attention to is: hierarchy. Clear organization. First of all, we should discuss it layer by layer around the center.
The most important thing is to "focus on purity"; ; It is necessary to find out which should be said first, which should be said later, which is primary, which is secondary, which should be said more, which should be said in detail, which should be said less and which should be said briefly. The key here is to focus on the center. The commonly used method is: after the argument is completed, the conclusion is drawn after analysis and discussion. Among them, the analysis and discussion part, whether to put the facts first or later, whether to reason first or later, depends on the specific situation and the author's own writing habits.
Second, we should arrange the content according to the law of argumentative writing itself.
An argumentative essay generally consists of three parts, namely: "Ask questions. Analyze problems and solve problems. "
The beginning part is generally used to ask questions and complete the task of "putting forward arguments" This part should make it clear what this composition is about.
The middle part, which generally occupies a long space and is divided into several paragraphs, is the "center of gravity" of this composition. This part should be used to "analyze the problem". The task of presenting sufficient arguments (or putting facts or reasoning) to demonstrate arguments is mainly completed in this part. This part should make it clear why this composition says so.
The ending part (or "ending part") is mainly used to complete the task of "solving problems". Specific ways are: draw a conclusion; Point out the solution to the problem; Or both. This part is to make it clear that this composition should tell people how to do it.
It can be said that the arrangement of an argumentative paper is: "ask questions-analyze problems-solve problems", or "argument-argument-conclusion" and "what-why-how to do it".
The third problem to pay attention to is that the language of argumentative writing should be accurate, concise and concrete.
Strictly distinguish the meaning of words, and the words must be unambiguous, ambiguous and ambiguous.
Concise, smooth and appropriate.
We should pay attention to the choice of words and sentences, and make the abstract truth concrete, vivid, vivid and interesting.
Flexible and changeable sentence patterns can be adopted. Use long sentences, carefully, without loopholes; Use short sentences concisely The affirmative sentence can be changed to double negation; When dealing with the Chen Qi question, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions are used. This can enhance the emotional color of the article;
In addition, argumentative essays can also use some narratives and explanations appropriately. Lyric and descriptive techniques.