In architecture, the ancient Greek heritage can be considered as having two themes. One is the image model contained in Greek architecture. These models first include a series of decorative terms, sculptures and styles, which are more or less completely accepted or intermittently used and discarded. Even if they fall out of favor, we can't rashly conclude that they have completely disappeared from the database of western architects. The second aspect of Greek architecture left in the world is the Greek view on the essence of architecture. Architectural form is always passively accepted by people, but the view on the essence of architecture can only be understood, and instinct is often found in some obvious places. It is known that in order to properly design the scale of buildings, a certain mathematical proportion must be followed. This view belongs to the Greeks, both in essence and in choosing an appropriate proportion. This view reappeared in the Renaissance, and sometimes the perfection of architectural form took pains to repeat some favorite shapes.
The existing architectural sites are mainly public buildings such as shrines, theaters and arenas, among which shrines are an important activity center of a city-state and can best represent the architectural characteristics of that period. The life of the ancient Greeks was controlled by religion, so naturally, the largest and most beautiful building in ancient Greece was the Greek temple. The ancient Greeks believed that God was also a human being, but God was more perfect than ordinary people. They think that the place where God lives is just a more advanced house than ordinary people. Therefore, the earliest temple buildings in Greece were just rectangular buildings with porches where nobles lived. Later, the column type was added, which gradually developed from the early "end colonnade" to the "front porch", that is, the porch in front of the temple was composed of four columns, and then developed to the "front and back porch". By the 6th century BC, the portico style had evolved into the standard form of Greek temple architecture-"enclosed column", that is, the rectangular temple was surrounded by colonnades. The overall style of Greek temple architecture is solemn and elegant, with harmonious, grand and lofty beauty. These style features are obvious in all aspects.
Characteristics of ancient Greek architecture
According to the heritage of Greek architecture, we can sum up several characteristics of ancient Greek architecture.
The first feature is a rectangle with a plane structure of 1: 1.6 18 or 1: 2, with a hall in the middle and columns around it, which can be collectively called a ring-column building. This modeling structure makes the ancient Greek architecture more artistic. Because under the irradiation of sunlight, various buildings produce rich light and shadow effects and changes in reality and reality, compared with other closed buildings, sunlight eliminates the dull feeling of closed walls and strengthens the characteristics of Greek architectural carving art.
The second feature is the rigidity of columns. * * * There are four kinds of columns: 1. Doric column, 2. Love Onek column, 3. Corinthian column, 4. Maiden statue column. These four columns are gradually formed in people's exploration, and the latter column is always linked with the former column, which has certain progressive significance. What runs through the four pillars is the eternal harmony between human beauty and numbers. The development of columns played a decisive role in the structure of ancient Greek architecture, and also had a great influence on the architectural style of ancient Rome and later Europe.
The third feature is that the double-sided sloping roof of the building forms a specific method of gable decoration before and after the building. In ancient Greek architecture, there were decorative techniques such as round carving, high relief and shallow relief, which created a unique decorative art.
The fourth feature is: advocating the harmony between human beauty and numbers is produced by the progressive artistic interest of civilians. The ancient Greeks advocated the beauty of the human body. Whether sculpture or architecture, they all think that the proportion of the human body is the most perfect. The great architect Vitruwe explained the ancient Greek theory: "Architecture ... must be strictly proportional to the styles of all parts of the human body." Therefore, the proportion and norms of ancient Greek architecture are completely consistent with the style of its cylindrical external form, which is based on the scale and beauty of the human body. Their shapes can be said to be the artistic expression of the beauty of human manners, shapes, faces and manners, and their proportions and norms can be said to be the image embodiment of human proportions and structural laws. Therefore, these pillars all have a noble beauty full of vitality, because they show the pride and nobility of people as the spirit of all things.
The fifth feature is that buildings and decorations are carved. Greek architecture and Greek sculpture are closely combined. It can be said that Greek architecture is a work of art carved from stone. From the vortex on the stigma of Ionek, the flower basket composed of honeysuckle leaves on the Corinthian stigma, to the girl with free expression on the stigma of the girl statue, the relief on the cornice of the gable of the temple is a fine carving art. It can be seen that sculpture is an important part of ancient Greek architecture, which created a perfect art of ancient Greek architecture. It is precisely because of sculpture that Greek architecture is more mysterious, noble, perfect and harmonious.
The influence of ancient Greek architecture
The need for public activities is an important reason for the large number of public buildings. Existing architectural sites, such as temples, theaters and arenas, deeply reflect the artistic interest of ancient Greeks. Its most prominent architectural vocabulary-the four pillars of architecture, Doric pillar, Enek pillar, Corinthian pillar and maiden statue pillar-left a unique and immortal charm for ancient Greek architecture. The beauty of human body advocated by it makes Greek architecture produce a noble beauty full of vitality both in proportion and appearance. The relief on the building makes the building full of vitality and artistic sense. Therefore, to study the art history of ancient Greece, Greek architecture is the starting point of all art research, because it not only includes how to build a building that will amaze future generations, but also includes the aesthetic concepts and sculpture art of ancient Greeks. Ancient Greek architecture is one of the great achievements in the history of human development, leaving an immortal artistic classic for mankind. Its architectural vocabulary deeply influenced the architectural style of later generations. Almost two thousand years of architectural activities in Europe. Greek words can be found in Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo and collectivism. The architecture of ancient Rome was deeply influenced by that of ancient Greece. During the Roman period, it also developed its own mixing columns, which were all derived from Greek columns.
The architectural style of ancient Greece is characterized by harmony, simplicity, solemnity and clear layout. Temple architecture is the concentrated expression of these styles and characteristics, and it is also the most far-reaching building in ancient Greece and even Europe. Among them, the history of ancient Greek architecture produced the Parthenon and the Altar of Zeus (Pagama), which left a valuable artistic heritage to the world and had a great and far-reaching impact on the world's architectural art. If ancient Greek culture is the source and treasure house of European culture, then ancient Greek architectural art is the source and treasure house of European architectural art.
Ancient Greek architecture gives people a great shock through its own sense of scale, volume, texture of materials, modeling color and painting and sculpture art contained in the building itself, and its strong artistic vitality makes it enduring. Its beam-column structure, specific combination of building components and artistic decoration techniques have deeply influenced European architecture for two thousand years. Therefore, we can say that ancient Greek architecture is the pioneer of western European architecture.