(7 12~770)

Poets in Tang Dynasty. Beautiful words. Originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), he was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province. Because he once lived in Shaoling, south of Chang 'an, he was recommended by Yanwu as a festival staff, and was recommended by Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Industry. Later generations called it Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu.

Du Fu, the grandson of the famous poet Du Fu, was born in a family with literary tradition. He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. After the age of 20, there are four periods.

From the 19th year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (73 1) to the 4th year of Tianbao (745), Du Fu lived a romantic life. He has roamed wuyue, Qi and Zhao successively. In the meantime, I failed to go to Luoyang to take the Jinshi exam. Tianbao and Li Bai have been friends in Luoyang for three years. We broke up the next autumn and never met again. There are more than 20 poems of Du Fu in this period, most of which are five laws and five ancient poems, represented by Wang Yue.

From five to fourteen years in Tianbao, Du Fu was trapped in Chang 'an and was down and out. He keeps buttering up powerful people to get promoted. I have been trying to "move" for six years; In ten years, he presented three articles of "Da Li Fu", which Xuanzong appreciated and ordered the Prime Minister to try; But nothing came of it. It was not until October of the fourteenth year, one month before the Anshi Rebellion, that You Weicai led Cao to join the army. Frustration in official career and personal hunger and cold made him objectively realize the corruption of the rulers and the sufferings of the people, and made him gradually become a poet who cares about the country and the people. The creation has undergone profound and great changes. Immortal masterpieces such as Military Vehicle Shop, Liangwei Road, Qiandi, Houdi, from Beijing to Fengxian, and famous cautionary sentences such as "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road freezes to death" have emerged. There are about 100 poems handed down in this period, most of which are ancient poems with five words and seven sentences.

From Su Zong to Deyuanzai (756) and then to Gan Yuan (759), the Anshi Rebellion was the most prosperous. Du Fu also experienced hardships, but his creative achievements were enormous. After the fall of Chang 'an, he went north to Lingwu to go to Suzong, but he was caught halfway, trapped by thieves for nearly half a year, and then fled from Chang 'an to Fengxiang Suzong, where he was picked up by Zuo. Soon after, he almost died because of the case of the house. After the recovery of Chang 'an, he returned to Beijing as his original post. In May 758, Foreign Minister Zhou Hua Sigong joined the army and bid farewell to Chang 'an. During this period, Du Fu had a clearer understanding of reality, and successively wrote such famous works as Sad Chen Tao, Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Qiang Village, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Guan Fu went hungry and Du Fu was disappointed with politics. After beginning of autumn resigned, he passed through Qin Zhou and Tonggu and arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year. There are more than 200 poems handed down during this period, most of which are masterpieces of Du Fu's poems.

Du Fu spent eight years and three years in Jingxiang during the period from the first year of Shang Yuan in Su Zong (760) to the fifth year of Dali in Dai Zong (770) 1 1. In the spring of 760, he built a thatched cottage near Huanhuaxi, Chengdu, and lived intermittently for five years. In the meantime, he exiled Zizhou and Langchang. In 765, after the death of Yanwu, Du Fu lost his support and left Chengdu with his family. He stayed in Yun 'an due to illness and moved to Kuizhou the following spring. In 768, he left the gorge, moved to Jiangling and Gongan, and arrived in Yueyang at the end of the year. In the last two years of his life, he had no fixed abode. Wandering between Yueyang, Changsha, Hengyang and Leiyang, I spent most of my time on the boat. In the winter of 770, Du Fu died on a ship from Changsha to Yueyang at the age of 59. Before his death, he wrote a 36-rhyme long poem "Sleeping on the Shocking Boat". There is a sentence that "the blood of the war is still there, and the sound of the military is still moving", and he still thinks about the national disaster. During the period of 1 1, he wrote more than 1000 poems (including more than 430 Kuizhou poems), accounting for five-sevenths of all Du Fu's poems. Most of them are quatrains and metrical poems, and there are also long sentences. His representative works include Song of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity, Ascending the Mountain, and Revealing Wu Lang again.

Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems. It profoundly reflects the social panorama of more than 20 years before and after the Anshi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty, and vividly records Du Fu's life experience. Closely combine social reality with personal life to realize the perfect unity of ideological content and artistic form; Represents the highest achievement of Tang poetry. It is called "the history of poetry" by later generations. However, Du Fu did not narrate objectively, but wrote history with poems. It reflects the reality profoundly and widely, and expresses its subjective feelings through unique artistic means. Just as Pu Qilong said: "Poems of Shaoling are a person's temperament, and things of the Three Dynasties must be sent to others" (reading). Since the late Tianbao period, Du Fu has created a large number of poems on current affairs. Short stories such as Washing Horses, Love, Being the Tao, Three Jueju, Sick Orange, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Appearing as Wu Lang, etc., while novels such as Shuhuai in Kuizhou, Wangzai, Cottage and Mourning have different contents. There are a lot of war themes in Du Fu's poems. Du Fu has different attitudes towards different kinds of wars. Those who oppose the imperial court's belligerence and consume national strength are "Garage Shop" and "Going to the Foot of the Backyard". Two poems, Watching An Xi Soldiers Go to Guanzhong and Stand by, Watching Soldiers and The Year of National subjugation, supported the suppression of rebellion and resistance to foreign aggression. Two groups of poems, Before the Frontier and After the Frontier, not only praised the bravery of the soldiers, but also condemned the insatiable frontier expansion of the king and the arrogance and extravagance of the lords. The confession of a soldier sums up the unfortunate fate of countless brave soldiers. In "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", the poet sympathizes with the people's sufferings and hates barbaric Latin; However, due to the current situation of the enemy and the shortage of troops, he can only comfort the conscripts with tears. It shows the sharp and complicated contradictions and conflicts in the author's heart. Du Fu has many poems praising nature. The object of singing is often related to oneself and current events, and it is a blend of feelings, scenes and events, not just scenes. The most representative ones are Spring Hope and Sword Gate.

Du Fu also has some poems praising painting, music, architecture, dance, utensils and agricultural production, which also focus on the author's feelings and have the characteristics of the times. There are also some poems in Du Ji, which are not strong in the flavor of the times and indifferent in personal feelings, especially some poems written in Chengdu Caotang. This is the expression of his mood after he got a temporary rest after a long wandering. In his poems, such as Screen Trace, For Agriculture, Tian She, Xu Bu, Heart of Water Threshold, Afterward Tour and Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, the poet has a delicate observation on the dynamics of flowers, trees, birds, animals, fish and insects, and has infinite love and profound experience. It embodies the other side of Du Fu's poetry and life. Du Fu's poems about missing relatives and friends are mostly sentimental and spoony. For example, I miss his wife on a moonlit night, and my brother misses his younger brother on a moonlit night. Among many poems and songs about cherishing friends, the most outstanding one is to commemorate Li Bai. From breaking up with Li Bai to his later years, there were 15 poems that remembered or talked about Li Bai. Showed his admiration and friendship for Li Bai. Du Fu also commented on poetry, and expressed his artistic thoughts of "benefiting from many teachers" and "tailoring for the body" in "Play is six quatrains", "Occasionally Topic" and "Twelve Poems for Relieving boredom" (the fourth to the eighth), abandoning the past and the present and casting macro words. During his stay in Chang 'an and wandering southwest, Du Fu also wrote some poems with boring content and low style, which were dedicated to dignitaries, officials and social parties. There are many five-character poems in it.

Du Fu's poetry system is diverse, with many advantages in choosing poems, diverse styles and innovations. His five-character ancient poems combine feelings, records and feelings in one furnace; Profound and profound, it is impossible to give everything, which opened the realm of the Five Ancient Dynasties in the Tang Dynasty; Representative works include Five Hundred Words from Beijing to Fengxian, Northern Expedition, Qiang Village, Gift to Chu Shi, Three Officials and Three Farewells. Seven-character ancient poems are good at stating opinions, with bold and gloomy feelings and strange style; Such as Drunk Songs for Zheng Guangwen, Washing Horses, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sui Yanxing, etc. Five, five-character rhythm poems and seven-character rhythm poems are extremely skilled; The five laws are the longing for spring, reaching Li Bai at the end of the day, traveling later, "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night", water sill, going abroad overnight, climbing Yueyang Tower, and the seven laws are Shuxiang and Elymus. The two sides of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army, and Su Fu, Bai Di and five generals. The rhythm of the Tang Dynasty rarely surpassed them. Du Fu also has many five-character poems and several seven-character poems, which have greatly developed the poems. His "Autumn Li Ke Bai Yun" has 1000 words. But Du Fu also heaped up allusions and presented entertainment works. His quatrains are lyrical, reflect current events, and open up the discussion body of quatrains, which is unique and makes great contributions. Du Fu's poems are profound and sincere. The artistic collection and innovative development of classical poetry; It greatly expanded the field of poetry in content and form, and had a wide influence on later generations. Du Fu was also honored as a poet by later generations. Du Fu was down and out all his life, and his poem "Singing hard for a hundred years, not finding a bosom friend" (Du Fu's Southern Expedition). However, after his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems have a profound influence on the literary thought of the New Yuefu Movement and Li Shangyin's modern allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art since ancient times. ..

For nearly a thousand years, there has been a trend of exclusive respect for Du Fu. In the Song Dynasty, there were many works about the chronology, classification and annotation of Du Fu's poems, such as Du Gongbu's Collection, Du Fu's Collection of Nine Poems, Notes on Poems in Du Gongbu Caotang by Lu and Cai Mengbi, and Notes on Poems in Du Gongbu by Xu. There are more than 100 kinds of comments on Du Ji by later generations, among which Du Gongbu's Notes on Du Ji, Qiu's Detailed Notes on Du Shi, Yang Lun's Jing Quan of Du Shi and Pu Qilong's Interpretation are widely circulated. There are biographies of Du Fu in both old and new Tang books. After the Song Dynasty, there were a lot of words to comment and explain Du Fu's poems. Tang and Song Dynasties were edited by Zhonghua Book Company, 1964. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Siyou had Du Yi, who kept Du Shi Shuo. In addition, Zhonghua Book Company also compiled the more important papers since the May 4th Movement into "Essays on Du Fu Studies". Biographies and new research monographs include Feng Zhi's Biography of Du Fu, Xiao Difei's Study of Du Fu, Fu Gengsheng's On Du Fu's Poetry and Zhu Dongrun's On Du Fu's Narrative. More detailed chronicles include Wen Yiduo's Notes on Mr. Shaoling's Chronology and Du Fu's Chronology of Sichuan Institute of Literature and History Research.

Du Fu (712-770), with beautiful words, was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.

Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai and is known as "Du Li" in the world. The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering.

Du Fu is a great realistic poet, who wrote 1400 poems in his life. His experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods.

First, the roaming period of reading (before the age of 35)

During this period, he traveled to Wu, Yue (now Jiangsu and Zhejiang), Qi and Zhao (now northern Shandong and southern Hebei) and worked in Luoyang. After meeting Li Bai in Luoyang, they formed a profound friendship, then met Gao Shi and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to Jizhou again, met at the east foot after breaking up, and separated again, so there was no chance to meet again.

Second, trapped in Chang' an period (35 to 44 years old)

During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "detaining the rich in the morning, following the fat horse dust at night, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding his worries everywhere". Finally, he got a small official who led the government to join the army. During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.

3. Being trapped as a thief and being an official (45 to 48 years old).

When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope, Ai Jiangtou and Sad Chen Tao. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of the suggestion, Shangshu was demoted to be the prime minister of joining the army. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".

Fourth, the wandering period in the southwest (48 to 58 years old).

With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. Then go back to Chengdu. After Yanwu's death, he drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to the same lake and died on the Xiangjiang River. The works of this period include Heart on the Water Threshold, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sick Orange, Climbing the Building, Book Reading, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Showing Wu Lang again, Ascending the Mountain, Qiu Xing, Three Jueju and Sui Yanxing.

Throughout his life, Du Fu's thoughts were "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" and "being the best monarch and being Yao Shun", so his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the old themes of Yuefu, and created many new themes of Yuefu, such as "three officials" and "three parting", which had a positive impact on the "new Yuefu movement" of Baiyuan. For details about his life, see Old Tang Book (volume 190). This is Du Gongbu.

Wang yue

Notes on the title or background of a book.

There are three poems in Du Fu's Wang Yue, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about seeing Mount Tai in the East. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began a wandering life of "chasing horses". This poem was written in Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) and is the earliest extant poem of Du Fu. Between the lines, Du Fu's youthful vigor is permeated.

original text

What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.

The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.

Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly around in front of my nervous eyes ..

Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.

Song of chariots

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See Du Gongbu Collection written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in the tenth year of Tianbao (75 1). That year, the Tang Dynasty marched eastward and recruited troops, which led to a restless life for the people. Du Fu felt this and wrote "Car Shop" to express his anger.

original text

Vehicles roared, soldiers sang, and soldiers and arrows were tied to their waists.

My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao.

On the way, holding soldiers' clothes, eating and crying, the sky rushed into the sky.

Passers-by asked the soldiers how they got there, saying only that the roster was frequently recruited.

Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty.

When they set out, the mayor wrapped a headscarf for them and came back with a white head.

Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped.

Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain?

Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field.

Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight.

Although the elders have doubts, how dare those who serve complain?

Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting.

The county magistrate urgently urges people to pay taxes. Where does the tax come from?

If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl.

Girls can also marry their nearest neighbors, and boys will die in battle.

Don't you see, on the edge of Qinghai, the bones of soldiers killed since ancient times have not been buried.

The new ghost wails there, and the old one is loudest in the stormy dark sky.

spring scenery

Notes on the title or background of a book.

In July of the first year of Emperor Xiaozong of the Tang Dynasty (756), Du Fu learned that Su Zong was in Lingwu (now Lingwu County, Ningxia), that is, the position of the emperor, so he settled in Qiang Village, Yinzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) and defected alone. On the way, he was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. He had to get away the next spring. During the days when he was forced to stay in Chang 'an, he wrote many poems reflecting the life in the occupied areas, either worrying about the country or thinking about his relatives. Hope in Spring is the masterpiece of this time.

original text

Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.

Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.

The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.

Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.

Li Shihao

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See "Du Gongbu". As one of the three officials, it was written in 759 AD. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and the country was not a country, and the people were in poverty. That year, the author moved to Xin 'an, Shi Hao and other places, witnessed the official recruitment activities, and felt this. The three officials are Xin 'an officials, Shi Hao officials and Tongguan officials. Shi Hao, now southeast of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province.

original text

At dusk, officials arrested people at night.

The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch.

Why are officials angry? Why do women cry?

Listen to his wife's speech: "Ye Cheng San Xia."

One man attached a book, and two men died.

Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead!

There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson.

And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out.

Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night.

If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you might as well prepare the meal in the morning.

The night is long and silent, like crying and choking.

Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone.

Wedding farewell

Notes on the title or background of a book.

The wedding farewell in Du Fu's "Three Pillars" has carefully shaped the image of a young woman who understands the righteousness. This poem is in the form of a monologue. The whole poem uses seven words "Jun", all of which are heartfelt words from the bride to the groom. It is touching to read.

original text

Rabbit silk is covered with hemp, so it is not long.

It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and ask for a husband.

If you get married, you won't warm your bed.

Goodbye in the morning of the wedding, nothing is too busy!

Although your trip is not far, keep the border and go to Heyang.

Why should I worship my aunt when my body is not clear?

When my parents raised me, they made me hide day and night.

If you have a daughter, you will get a chicken and a dog.

You're going to die today, and you've been forced into your intestines with deep pain.

Swear to go with you, the situation is yellow.

Don't worry about the wedding, work hard!

Women in the army are afraid of being soldiers.

A girl from a poor family has been a prostitute for a long time.

Lolo quit and washed his red makeup.

Looking up at a hundred birds flying, your body will double.

There are many personnel mistakes, facing Junyong!

Shuchengxiang temple

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See "Du Gongbu". Written in the first year of Shangyuan (760). At the end of that spring, Du Fu moved to Huanhuaxi Caotang, took time to pay his respects at Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, and wrote this book "Shuxiang" to express his grief.

original text

Where is the temple of the famous prime minister in a pine forest near the Silk City?

The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.

The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.

But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.

Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See The Collection of Du Gongbu, written in the spring of the second year of Shang Dynasty (AD 76 1), which was written by Du Fu in Chengdu when he was wandering in the southwest in his later years. In the description of the spring rain, the poet reveals his joy in the spring rain.

original text

Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.

Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.

The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.

Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.

The autumn wind broke the hut.

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See Du Gongbu Collection, written in 76 1 year, when the Anshi Rebellion had not subsided. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), Du Fu's relatives and friends helped him build a thatched cottage near Huanhuaxi outside Xiguo, Chengdu, to settle down. In August of the following year, the thatched cottage was destroyed by the autumn wind. Du Fu had mixed feelings and wrote "The thatched cottage was blown by the autumn wind" as a souvenir.

original text

In August and autumn, the wind roars,

Roll up three layers of grass on my house,

Mao Fei crossed the river and sprinkled it in the suburbs.

The tallest one has a long forest tip,

The next man floated up and sank into the depression of the pond.

The children in Nancun bullied me,

Endure facing a thief,

Open your arms and walk towards the bamboo forest.

Dry lips, mouth can't breathe,

Come back and sigh.

After a while, the wind changed the color of clouds and ink,

Autumn is bleak and dark.

This cloth has been cold for many years.

Joule lay down, his feet crackling.

There is no dry place in the bedside table.

The feet of the rain are like hemp.

Because of mourning and lack of sleep,

How can you get wet at night!

There are thousands of buildings in Ande,

All the poor people in the world are smiling.

The wind and rain do not move!

Oh!

When I suddenly saw this house,

I can freeze to death alone!

It is said that loyalists have recovered Henan and Hebei.

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See "Du Gongbu". In the first month of the first year of Zong Guangde (763), Shi Chaoyi (son of Shi Siming) was defeated and hanged himself in the forest. He handed over Tian and Li Huaixian. So far, Henan and Hebei regions have been recovered one after another. Du Fu wrote this poem when he lived in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan). Henan and Hebei refer to Luoyang and northern Hebei.

original text

The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.

Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.

On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.

Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .

Four quatrains (Part I)

Notes on the title or background of a book.

Du Fu's seven-character quatrains are rare, but this one is one of the most popular poems in China. Popular and easy to understand, plain as words, but it also contains the poet's aesthetic ideal, which is highly praised by scholars. It can be said that elegance is based on vulgarity, and elegance is rewarded.

original text

"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."

My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.

Foreign night

Notes on the title or background of a book.

A Night Abroad was written by Du Fu when he left Chengdu in 765 and sailed eastward with his family, passing through Yuzhou (Chongqing, Sichuan) and Zhongzhou (Zhongxian, Sichuan).

Although he is young, he has the ideal of "being a gentleman first, then being simple". In the end, I accomplished nothing, but I was old and sick, and my relatives and friends were scattered and drifted alone. He is on such a vast river, and he seems to be Europe between heaven and earth. Where will he fly? Lonely, lonely! The author's feelings are deep.

original text

The breeze rippled on the grassy coast, through the night, and blew to my still mast.

The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river.

I hope my art can bring me fame and liberate my sick old age from the office! .

Flying around, what am I like? But sandpipers in the vast world! .

Climb the peak

Notes on the title or background of a book.

See Du Gongbu Collection, written in the autumn of 767 in Dali, Tang Daizong, when he lived in Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Sichuan). In ancient times, there was a custom of climbing mountains on September 9. This poem was written by Du Fu with the feeling of climbing the mountain, expressing his feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness for many years.

original text

The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.

The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.

Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.

After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.

Meet Li Guinian at the lower reaches of the river

Notes on the title or background of a book.

Li Guinian was a famous musician in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods in Tang Dynasty. Du Fu once heard his songs in Luoyang when he was young. After wandering in Jiangnan in his later years, Du Fu reunited with musicians from other places. At this time, it has been more than ten years since the "prosperous Tang Dynasty" before the "An Shi Rebellion". Both the poet and Li Guinian have entered their old age, and they met in such an environment full of memories and sadness. Therefore, the poet uses very implicit language to express his feelings about the ups and downs of the past.

original text

In the Qi family, I often see your performances; Before urging the wine hall, I praised your art many times.

Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.