Schrodinger's experiment enlarged the quantum effect to our daily world. Now the strange nature of quantum involves our daily life and the question of whether our beloved pet cat is dead or alive. However, for the macro world, Schrodinger's experimental theory does not exist: half-life is a macro concept, and for an atom, its decay period is fixed (even if you can't measure it). So when the selected atom is put into the box, the time that the cat can live has been determined. So, just because you don't know doesn't mean it didn't happen.
The so-called quantum theory is actually not the truth, but the current technology of human beings can not accurately measure the micro-world, which leads us to infer only with the concepts of "probability" and "probability". However, in the face of the environment that cannot be accurately measured, the traditional accurate measurement methods in physical theory cannot be applied. In fact, with the progress of technology, quantum theory will eventually be squeezed out by real physics and eventually disappear as a "pseudo-theory".
Quantum theory is not the first and will not be the last "pseudo-theory" to disappear like this.
The quantum school later had a widely circulated argument.
"When we don't observe, the moon doesn't exist", which slightly deviates from the original intention. To be precise, because the moon is also composed of uncertain particles, if we turn our heads away from the moon, a large number of particles will begin to disperse according to the wave function. As a result, the edge of the moon began to appear vague and uncertain, gradually "melting" and became a probability wave to spread to the surrounding space. Of course, it will take a long time for such a big moon to completely melt into space, but the essence of the problem is that if we don't observe the moon, it will change from a certain state to the superposition of countless uncertainties. Without observing it, it is clear that the objective moon does not exist. But when I look back, a bright moon will be high in the air, as if nothing had happened. But in fact, the laws of quantum mechanics limit the wave function of such a massive object as the moon to a very small area, so even if the moon spreads, the degree of dispersion is invisible to the naked eye.
Explanation of uncertainty principle: a particle is irradiated with light to measure its position and speed, and some light waves are scattered by it, thus indicating its position. It is impossible for people to determine the position of particles at a smaller distance between the two peaks of light, so they must be measured with short wavelength light, at least with one photon. This quantum will disturb the particle and change its speed, and the more accurate the position measurement, the shorter the wavelength required, the greater the energy of a single quantum, and the greater the disturbance to the particle speed. The more accurate you measure the particle position, the less accurate you measure the speed. When the moon is not observed, it does not exist. When observing the quantum state, the wave function collapses to a certain value due to the interaction of observation forces, and the microscopic particles are regular as a whole, and the observation forces hardly affect it on the macro scale. ) (Reference:
Stephen Hawking's A Brief History of Time)
Admittedly, this sounds strongly subjective and idealistic, which is actually different from the philosophical theory we usually understand, but when it comes to this, many people will naturally think of Bishop Becquerel's famous saying: "Being is being perceived" (Latin: Essest percipi). If this sentence is slightly changed to "being is measured", it is not far from the meaning of Copenhagen School. Becquerel's position in the history of philosophy is undoubtedly important. People are usually willing to criticize him. Do we Copenhagen School go further than him? At least Becker still thinks that things exist continuously and objectively, because there is always "God" watching everything constantly. What about quantum theory? Your Majesty, I don't need God's hypothesis.
The representative of the East who reflects each other with Becker is probably Wang Yangming. He also said a famous sentence in Biography: "When you didn't see this flower, it died with you; When you come to see this flower, the color of this flower will be understood in a moment ... "If Wang Yangming understood quantum theory, he would probably say," When you didn't observe this flower, it didn't really exist, and it died according to the wave function; When you look at this flower, the wave function of this flower collapses, and its color becomes a clear reality for a while ... "The measurement is reasonable, but the measurement is unreasonable.
Schrodinger's Cat and Quantum Suicide
Is it inevitable or accidental that determines the fate of the universe? Or: Does God play dice? This is the biggest controversy in quantum mechanics and relativity. Quantum mechanics believes that the world is determined by uncertain random events, and this uncertainty (the latter is called fluctuation) is actually the contradictory operation advocated by dialectics; Relativity holds that the world should be ruled by fixed and mechanical laws, and there is actually inevitable support behind any seemingly accidental event.
As for Schrodinger's cat, many non-mainstream scientists, including Einstein, are skeptical. They believe that this reason is caused by the "parallel universe" (MWI), that is, when we look at the box, the whole world splits into two versions of ourselves. The two versions are the same in all other respects. The only difference is that in one version, atoms decay and cats die; In another version, the atom has not decayed, and the cat is still alive. In the quantum multi-world, we choose our own path through participation. In the world we live in, there are no hidden variables, God won't roll the dice, everything is real. This view also has a more shocking hypothesis: quantum suicide.
The proposal of quantum suicide
In quantum mechanics, quantum suicide is an experiment of thought. This creepy irony experiment was put forward by Hans Moravec, Bruno Mashal and others in the late 1980s, and developed and re-examined by cosmologist Max Tegmark in 1998 for the "consciousness monster" in Copenhagen's "wave function collapse" in that famous paper promoting MWI. Max Tegmark believes that there are many universes and quantum uncertainty is distributed in all universes. As long as a person can never commit suicide subjectively, in fact, once he begins to exist, he will never disappear! There are always some quantum effects that can keep people from aging. According to MWI, these very low probabilities always correspond to a real world!
Quantum suicide experiment
In a set of equipment, atomic decay is used to control the trigger of the gun, and we can observe when a person is killed (if decay->; Shoot) or not (not decadent). He will be killed sooner or later, because with the increase of atomic decay probability, the trigger of the gun will be pulled sooner or later. But from the perspective of the parties themselves, this is not the case at all. Because the only thing that makes sense to him is "the world he lives in". There will always be a person living in a certain world! If the parallel universe theory is correct, then for someone, no matter how he tries to commit suicide, he will not die! If he strangles himself with a knife, there is always a very, very small possibility that the knife will somehow penetrate this person's neck without any harm, thus making him immortal! Of course, this probability is extremely small, but according to MWI, all possible things do happen, so this phenomenon will always happen in a certain universe! In fact, no matter how you commit suicide, whether you jump off a building, lie on the tracks or hang yourself, there are always some universes that keep him alive. From people's own point of view, no matter how you die, you can't die! Of course, in other infinite universes, his relatives and friends will mourn for him. This is actually the real version of Schrodinger's cat. As we all know, in the cat experiment, if atoms decay, cats will be poisoned, and vice versa. In this regard, the Copenhagen school explained that before our observation, cats were "resurrected from the dead", but after observation, the wave function of cats collapsed, and cats were either dead or alive. MWI claims that each experiment must produce a live cat and a dead cat at the same time, but they exist in two parallel worlds.
Cosmic division
So Schrodinger's cat doesn't have to worry about life and death. It's just that the universe has split into two, one with a live cat and the other with a dead cat. For the universe of living cats, cats are always alive, and there is no superposition of life and death. For the dead cat universe, the cat actually died at the moment of division. Don't wait for someone to open the box to "collapse" before you can draw a conclusion.
Since the birth of the universe, there have been countless such splits, the number of which has increased geometrically and soon tends to infinity. The universe we live in now is just one of them, and there are many other universes besides. Some of them are close to us and have only recently left the family tree, while those universes that have parted ways with us from distant ancient times may be very different. Maybe in some universe, asteroids didn't hit the earth, and dinosaurs still ruled the world. In a certain universe, Cleopatra's nose was a little shorter, which didn't excite Caesar and Anthony. Those "nose historians" who oppose historical determinism will be interested in the later development to see if there is really a historical butterfly effect. In a certain universe, grouchy was not late at Waterloo, and Hitler did not give the order to stop attacking before Dunkirk. In more universes, there are no life and planets at all because of inappropriate physical constants.
It seems that the conclusion is that the whole quantum mechanics can be related to relativity, or it can be replaced by relativity. Please note, however, that the parallel universe retains the contradictory opposition (the cat in the same universe will not have the superposition of life and death) but dismembers the unity of contradiction (making the two sides of contradiction in two different universes), and the fundamental law of dialectics seems to be denied?
Wait a minute! Think about it carefully: every electron jump, every photon diffraction, every character I type on the keyboard can create a universe? So, how many universes have been created since the Big Bang? The number of the universe is increasing at an alarming rate every second? This theory seems to create a huge universe to explain the diffraction of a small electron! There is no evidence to prove this theory. We have never discovered that we have the ability to create the universe.
String theory
It seems that the fear of overthrowing materialist dialectics can be put down for the time being. Perhaps in the near future, with the establishment of a unified theory based on quantum mechanics (most likely string theory), dialectics will also be promoted to an unprecedented peak. The theory based on dialectics has a solid foundation, which is the fundamental purpose of our study of philosophy and physics.
In fact, the significance of Schrodinger's cat lies not only in whether the macroscopic quantum state exists, but also in how the wave function of the quantum state collapses. It's too early to say that Schrodinger's cat only realized two superposition states of several particles under extreme conditions, and it's not too late to wait until the quantum states of macroscopic matter can be observed.