65438+February 28th, 2005
The dominant form of ornamental seedlings consumption in China is group consumption, and the main markets for consumption are urban and rural greening and beautification and major national forestry ecological projects. Therefore, the changes in the variety, quantity and specifications of ornamental seedlings in these two markets will affect the development direction of the entire ornamental seedling industry.
At present, the ornamental seedling industry in China has entered a new adjustment period after a new round of expanding production area.
First of all, the long-term market prospects are optimistic.
In the long run, the ornamental Miao wood industry in China will develop steadily and the market prospect is very optimistic, which is mainly based on the following favorable factors:
The rapid growth of the national economy. In recent years, China has achieved sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy, continuous optimization of the economic structure, continuous improvement of comprehensive national strength and continuous improvement of people's living standards, making it possible to consume ornamental seedlings in groups.
The enhancement of ecological environment consciousness. Leaders at all levels, from central to local, have an unprecedented awareness of the ecological environment. In particular, when the country formulated the strategy of developing the western region, it clearly put forward that "the development of the western region should be ecological first" Protecting the ecology and improving the environment has become people's common sense, and ornamental seedlings will certainly play their due role.
The process of urbanization has been further accelerated. With the implementation of various reform systems in China and the further acceleration of urbanization and urban-rural integration, the greening and beautification of urban and rural roads, streets, communities, green spaces, parks, institutions and schools has become a broad market for ornamental seedlings.
Large-scale investment in infrastructure. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Construction, during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the investment in urban construction fixed assets in China totaled 5 1, 6 1 billion yuan, with an average annual growth of 1.9%, and the urban green space area increased by 8.4 times. Another example is the rapid development of expressway construction, the smooth implementation of the Three Gorges water conservancy project, and the upcoming start of the "South-to-North Water Transfer Project", which will promote the development of ornamental seedling industry.
The improvement of income and consumption level. Although the recent consumption of flower seedlings in China is dominated by group consumption, with the rapid improvement of income and consumption level of urban and rural residents, personal consumption of flower seedlings will surely become a fashion.
The rapid development of tourism. Tourism has become a new industry in all parts of China, and the construction of tourist attractions is in the ascendant. The development of tourism is inseparable from the support of ornamental seedling wood industry.
Real estate and housing system reform. Housing consumption occupies an important proportion in residents' consumption. Real estate developers attach great importance to the importance of greening and beautification in real estate development and marketing, and constantly improve the greening level of residential areas. In addition, the rise of family greening and private garden gardening has expanded the sales space of ornamental seedlings.
Second, there are many short-term market problems.
At present, China's ornamental seedling wood market is very unstable, and there are some outstanding problems in the short term, mainly in the following aspects:
The area is growing too fast. According to incomplete statistics, the total production area of ornamental seedlings has reached 3.364 million mu in North China Industrial Zone, 3.402 million mu in Central China Industrial Zone and 670,000 mu in South China Industrial Zone. It is worth noting that 20%-30% of the production area of these ornamental seedlings has increased within one year, and its growth momentum is amazing, which is far from the market demand.
Adjustment of national policies. Due to the adjustment of national macro-policy, the standard of "green passage" in various places has fallen sharply, the development zone projects have been dismounted, the landscaping projects have been compressed, and the six major forestry projects have been reduced, which directly leads to a sharp decline in the market consumption of ornamental seedlings and hinders the development of ornamental seedling wood industry.
Escape sequence of seedlings. Affected by the national macro-policy adjustment, the production of ornamental seedlings showed obvious regional surplus, such as Hunan Cinnamomum camphora surplus, Zhejiang cypress surplus, Henan Sophora japonica surplus and Platycladus orientalis surplus. At the same time, it also shows obvious escape sequence, such as too many seedlings below 5 cm in diameter at breast height and lack of large seedlings above 8 cm in diameter at breast height, too many seedlings in general and too few characteristic seedlings, too many green leaves and too few colored leaves and dry seedlings.
The blindness of production is serious. According to the survey, 95.2% of the existing ornamental seedling production in China is in the responsibility field of one household, while the large-scale operation of flower and tree enterprises only accounts for a small proportion. Farmers often lack research on market and information, which leads to blindness in production. At the same time, a considerable number of enterprises engaged in flower and tree production are "hot money enterprises", and the influx of hot money in society has further aggravated the blindness of seedling production.
Third, the market demand characteristics of ornamental seedlings
Large-sized seedlings are needed. In order to achieve good ecological benefits and ideal greening effect as soon as possible, large-scale ornamental seedlings are used in greening projects in large and small cities all over the country. According to a report from Shanghai, the specifications of Platanus acerifolia, Magnolia grandiflora, Cedar, Cinnamomum camphora, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Ginkgo biloba ranked first 10 are all above 8 cm. In order to welcome the 2008 Olympic Games, almost all the seedlings used for urban greening in Beijing in recent two years are large-sized; Some western cities have also proposed to break the conventional planting methods and introduce large areas of deciduous trees "with money for time". From the price point of view, the price of almost all seedlings with DBH above 8 cm is rising all the way. 15cm ginkgo biloba, per plant in 700 yuan the year before last, rose to 1000 yuan last year, and has reached 1800 yuan this year, while the price of conventional seedlings almost fell to freezing point. The industry believes that the demand for large ornamental seedlings will further increase in the future, but the production capacity is very limited. Therefore, large-scale seedlings will become a "hot commodity" in the current and future seedling market.
Diversification of demand varieties. On the one hand, the demand for diversified varieties is due to the improvement of the overall ideological level of landscape planning and design, and all localities are seeking unique landscape styles to reflect local ecological characteristics; On the other hand, it is the result of biodiversity protection in various places. For example, many palm plants appear in Xi 'an and other western cities through "East Miao and West Carving". There are also many species of evergreen conifers, such as Pinus armandii, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus bungeana, which have been widely used in the west. Last year, the relevant departments in Beijing have screened and published more than 150 ornamental trees suitable for Beijing, more than 50 more than in previous years. Shanghai implements the principle of biodiversity and adds nearly 100 plant varieties to urban green space every year. In terms of market sales, the sales of so-called "unpopular trees" such as gold and silver wood, silk floss wood, red rosewood, jacket wood, elderberry, Chongyang wood, papaya tree, lampstand tree and aesculus are increasing.
Colored leaf seedlings are very popular. Before 1990, people pursued evergreen seedlings to solve the problem of environmental depression in winter. Since 2003, people began to pursue colored-leaf seedlings to solve the problem of monotonous colors in four seasons. Therefore, the demand for colored leaves and dried seedlings has been on the rise. The contradiction between supply and demand of colored-leaf tree species in the west is quite prominent, and some units say that the engineering design can not meet the requirements of landscape design. In order to solve the problem of monotonous greening color, Beijing requires planting red-leaf series colorful trees and shrubs on both sides of mountain traffic arteries and key scenic tourist areas, and has implemented the plan of "planting 50,000 mu of colorful tree species such as Cotinus coggygria, Torch Tree, Acer, Quercus". The garden departments in Shanghai and Chengdu said that more colorful tree species are needed to enhance the seasonal changes in cities.
The quality and grade requirements of flowers and trees are getting higher and higher. First of all, the grade requirements for flowers and trees are getting higher and higher. For example, the evergreen trees used in the past were mostly juniper and cedar, and the deciduous trees were mostly Sophora japonica, willow and Pterocarya stenoptera. At present, most evergreen trees are heather, magnolia grandiflora, loquat and cypress. And deciduous flowers and trees are mostly zinnia, Magnolia grandiflora, Luan tree, Albizia Albizia and so on. Secondly, the requirements for the quality of flowers and trees are getting higher and higher. Secondly, the requirements for the quality of seedlings are getting higher and higher. In the past, as long as the trees met the design, there were no pests and diseases. The tree species used now require straight trunk, consistent branch height, full crown and beautiful tree shape, emphasizing the consistency of seedlings. Therefore, high-quality seedlings have high market competitiveness and good benefits.
Fourth, the production countermeasures of ornamental seedlings
Correct understanding, firm confidence and make a fuss about the word "Wei". "There is no backward industry, only backward products", and we should grasp seedling production with the concept of grasping industry. Industrial production often attaches great importance to the adjustment of product structure and the development of new products, and regards it as the life of enterprises, so should the seedling industry. At present, although the sales of ornamental seedlings have been affected, this does not mean the demise and backwardness of the flower seedling industry, but the inadaptability and backwardness of seedling products. Many industries such as catering and textile have existed for thousands of years. Are these industries backward? No, but with the development of society, these industries constantly adjust their industrial structure and develop new products, injecting new vitality into their development. The flower and seedling industry is not backward, but with the development of economy, the progress of society and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for flower and tree products, especially high-quality flower and tree products, will be more and more vigorous. So we should strengthen our confidence and make a difference.
Adjust the structure, upgrade the grade, and make a fuss about the word "tune" to eliminate varieties with small market capacity and low value; Control varieties with fast reproduction speed and poor benefits, such as Platycladus orientalis; Varieties with fast compression propagation and low technology content, such as juniper and willow; Stabilize varieties with large market capacity and good economic benefits, such as Albizia Albizzia and Luanshu; Expand the planting of color-leafed dry tree species and flowering shrubs, such as purple leaf plum, begonia, crape myrtle, etc. Pay attention to cultivating large-scale seedlings, such as DBH 8- 10cm ornamental seedlings; Pay attention to the production of potted flowers, cuttings and ground cover plants. At the same time, through grafting, pruning, modeling, weaving and other methods to transform old varieties, actively introduce and develop new varieties, and realize the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of seedling production.
Relying on science and technology, ensuring quality, making a fuss about the word "excellent" According to the requirements of specialization, scale, standardization and diversification, relying closely on scientific and technological progress, we will formulate and popularize seedling production standards, improve the scientific and technological content of seedlings, make more efforts in management, and cultivate high-quality flowers and trees from management. Solve the problem of "special" seedlings by specialization, "quantity" seedlings by scale, "excellent" seedlings by standardization and "supply" seedlings by diversification.
To highlight key points, cultivate leading figures and make a fuss about the word "strong", we should first attach importance to leading enterprises that cultivate seedlings and formulate a series of preferential support policies in terms of projects, credit, land, taxation, business administration, technology and talents. And focus on supporting a number of flower and tree enterprises to become backbone enterprises with strong driving ability, good development momentum and high scientific research level. Secondly, we must introduce and convert a number. It is necessary to introduce flowers and trees enterprises with strong strength and good brands or acquire and transform existing flowers and trees enterprises through attracting investment, and expand a number of key enterprises. The third is to attract private enterprises with strong strength and flexible management to enter the field of flower and tree production and management, and enhance the guiding and driving ability of flower and tree enterprises.
Strengthen guidance, do a good job of coordination, and make a fuss about the word "sell". We should use various forms such as introduction, training and labor export to attract and train a group of professional and technical personnel; It is necessary to use the media to publicize, participate in important flower activities at home and abroad, increase publicity, and lay the foundation for expanding sales; We should pay attention to local characteristics and advantages, and actively build ornamental seedling brands with local characteristics; It is necessary to organize flower enterprises and flower brokers to set up marketing outlets throughout the country, collect market information, and master market conditions and trends; It is necessary to give full play to the role of flower seedlings and landscaping websites at all levels to promote the sustainable and healthy development of ornamental seedlings industry.