Vocabulary selection in TOEFL writing
First, let's look at vocabulary. The so-called vocabulary, from a macro perspective, refers to the total number of words you have mastered. For example, in order to take the TOEFL test, you don't think about tea and rice all day, and you can't go out and look for it at home. You exchange countless brain cells for words and memories. This first ensures your reading ability. When you see this word, it seems strange and familiar, but it can help you understand the meaning of the whole article to a great extent. In this way, when you do the TOEFL reading part, the size of your vocabulary determines your cognition of the article. But for writing, this number of words is another matter. Maybe you can have tens of thousands of words in your mind, but when it comes to writing, it is difficult to measure your specific application by the number of words. In other words, you are familiar with each of them, but it is hard to say whether they are familiar with you.
I admire the perseverance of many students in memorizing words, but as always, their memory is really good, but there are still many troubles in writing: generally speaking, forgetting words or using advanced vocabulary, the sentence pattern is too simple to list, which makes the whole article lack of highlights and layering. If you want to avoid forgetting words, you should talk about how to remember words. Simple word list memory destroys the connection between words and accumulates words in writing. It is best not to recite the word list one by one. There is too little connection between words arranged alphabetically. In view of this feature, many TOEFL writing books on the market have been adjusted, and good words and sentences in the article are often attached to each model essay, so that after you learn the writing method of the model essay, you can still recall the vocabulary essence in the article, killing two birds with one stone. If you have enough time, you can choose some English websites with more text news, such as Yahoo and MSN. By reading news to accumulate words, first of all, many social news can become conceptual materials for our writing, and secondly, diversified news is not easy to produce the boring feeling of memorizing words.
Regarding the application of advanced vocabulary in TOEFL writing, I think it's better to let nature take its course. Some candidates always like to find some high-level words, even words that are left out in the cold. It seems that Shakespeare's scores in TOEFL are too poor. I have met many students, especially high school students, who prefer this type of memory because their memory is still in its heyday. The advantage of this is that the vocabulary is expanded very well, and you can basically take the GRE test. The disadvantage is that sacrificing too much time will also damage memory. For TOEFL, vocabulary upgrading is actually very simple. Let's take a look at the following example:
Does it matter? Significantly? Magnificent
Specifically applied to the sentence:
1。 The WTO is planning to hold an important meeting on business rules.
2。 This is a great contribution to society.
3。 We visited the magnificent Forbidden City.
These words are familiar to everyone and have important and gorgeous meanings. However, as adjectives compared at the same level, their relationship is progressive, and their emphasis on importance or wonderful degree is gradually improving. If you memorize in this order, you can not only remember these words, but also get the real meaning of how to use them. Therefore, the application of so-called advanced vocabulary should start from the foundation, lay a good foundation and then accumulate. Don't act in a hurry. Let's take a look at the following example:
Humility, humiliation, humiliation, humiliation
These words all come from humility, but their meanings are quite different. Modesty is our traditional virtue, called modesty, which is just the opposite of pride. On the other hand, humiliate means to make people dusty. Humiliation and humiliation are often used in spoken language, meaning to feel humiliated and humiliated. For example, I feel embarrassed or humiliated. Sometimes, instead of spending a lot of time memorizing new words and phrases, it is better to expand the association among the words you have mastered, which is effective and affordable. In fact, the reason is very simple. Say a thing is good, good, good, good, even too good. This is a longitudinal comparative memory method, which is selectively remembered and used according to different levels.
Let's take a look at the following example:
These astronauts are so amazing, they successfully completed the spacewalk, what a brilliant task!
This sentence is an English website's evaluation of Shenzhou VII, which is an inverted sentence, but the focus is amazing. This word has a wide meaning, and there are many synonyms, such as increase, wonderful and even incredible. The amazing here is incredibly good, similar to the increase, which is a positive evaluation of the completion of the spacewalk mission. This is equivalent to the memory of advanced vocabulary. These words all have wonderful, wonderful and incredible meanings, and the memory method belongs to horizontal comparison, that is to say, they are all horizontal comparisons.
Application of sentence patterns in TOEFL writing
Let's look at the sentences. If words are the soul of sentences, then sentences are the cornerstones of articles, while sentence patterns are the cornerstones of different qualities, which can make the whole article full of various colors and make people very interested in reading. Although there are many changes in sentence patterns, according to the characteristics of TOEFL articles, which are nearly 300 words, IBT not only pays attention to the integrity and consistency of the articles, but also needs excellent content. However, the length of the article is limited, and we only need to skillfully use a few different sentence patterns, which will definitely leave a deep impression on the raters.
Rhetoric in sentences
Let's take a look at the following examples:
1. Knowledge never lies.
Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and it is wisdom.
This sentence uses personification rhetoric, which gives life to knowledge, visualizes the rigor of knowledge and avoids tedious literal translation.
This information is impressive to everyone in the job market.
That information shocked all the people who are looking for jobs.
This sentence also indirectly uses personification, humanizing the word information. Come can more vividly show the process of people receiving information.
Self-confidence plays an important role in your life.
Self-confidence plays an extremely important role in your life
In this sentence, Never and fail express double negation to strengthen the positive elements.
The rhetorical devices in these sentences can make the meaning of the sentences more vivid and readable, while avoiding many shortcomings of direct translation.
Application and examples of stressed sentences
This classic sentence in the Analects of Confucius is a household name. It is a pleasure to have friends from afar, which shows the characteristics of the Chinese nation as a country of etiquette. In TOEFL, this sentence can be applied to articles about friendship. Isn't it a happy thing to have friends come to see you from far away? Through Chinese understanding, we know that the key point of this sentence is: a very happy thing. There are many words to choose from, such as happy, enjoyable, incredible and charming. When applied to practical writing, you can use it to make a stressed sentence to highlight the characteristics of this sentence, such as:
It is such a delight to have friends coming so far.
In this sentence, except for Baman, other sentence components are very common, and everyone can write it, so even the reviewers will not feel strange when they see this sentence. As an emphatic sentence, the word "deightful" just represents a kind of heartfelt joy and happiness, which makes people who have read this sentence shine at the moment, which also achieves the effect of emphatic sentence. But both happy and glad mean happiness, but compared with pleasant, they are not up to standard and the degree of excitement is obviously different. Pleasure can show the excitement brought by joy, which is the most appropriate expression to welcome friends from afar. There are many sentence structures that can play an important role. The appositive clauses and inverted sentences that we can use all have such functions, such as:
It is an undeniable fact that human activities have damaged the earth.
What follows in this sentence is the content to be emphasized, which is an undefined fact. In order to highlight the fact that it is undeniable to harm the earth, such a sentence was made.
Only through effective measures can the government solve the dispute.
This sentence emphasizes only the following effective measures, and the translation is only effective measures, emphasizing uniqueness, and there is no other way.
The characteristic of inverted sentence is to turn the sentence upside down. This explanation is too direct, but it is practical. According to the structural characteristics of English sentence patterns, inversion sentences will be chosen because of emphasis. Let's look at the following two examples:
1. This problem is so serious that we have no choice but to take some feasible measures to solve it.
These astronauts are so amazing that they successfully completed the spacewalk.
The underlined part of the sentence is the focus of the inverted sentence. As for the function of inverted sentences, I have already said it before, so I won't say much here. In the specific application of TOEFL, it needs to be tested in writing practice.
Only through education can we get ahead.
Only by receiving education can we get ahead.