[2] door. At first, the semi-monthly Mangyuan took "revisiting old dreams" as its general topic. 1927, Lu Xun re-edited in Guangzhou, adding "introduction" and "postscript" and renaming it "Morning Flowers", which is an important artistic document to understand and study Lu Xun's early life, thoughts and social features at that time. Among the ten articles, Dogs, Cats and Rats, A Chang and Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures, Five Code Societies, Impermanence, From Baicaoyuan to Santan Reflecting the Moon, and Father's Disease are seven, in order to recall childhood life and let readers see the folk customs of Mr. Lu Xun's hometown and the world at that time. Notes, Mr Fujino and Fan Ainong are words that people miss in their lives. Fujino is an honest and enthusiastic Japanese scholar, and Fan Ainong is a patriotic young man who is depressed and resentful in the dark. The Essay Notes records the author's own difficulties and desires in finding another person. Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening are rich in thought, which not only describes the author's memories of childhood and sincere nostalgia for his teachers and friends, but also truly describes the life he experienced before and after the 1898 coup and the Revolution of 1911 —— from rural areas to towns, from family to society, and from China to Japan. Each article vividly reflects a corner of the social life of that era, describes the author's childhood life and the course of studying in his youth, and recalls those unforgettable people and events. In narration and discussion, the work shows a blow and ridicule to the reactionary conservative forces. At first, it was published in the semi-monthly "Mangyuan" with the theme of "recalling the past". 1927 July, Lu Xun re-edited it in Guangzhou, adding "introduction" and "postscript", and renamed it "Morning Flowers" when it was published in September 1928. Published by Beijing Weiming Society in September, 1928 is listed as one of the "unknown new collections" compiled by the author. Reprinted in February 1929. In September, the third edition 1932 was reorganized and published by Shanghai Beifang New Bookstore.
The main content of the key article
Dogs, Cats and Rats-Hating and Hating Cats, Chang and Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures in Memory of My Big Mother, Five Cabin Clubs which criticize feudal filial piety, Impermanence which depicts feudal paternalism, From Herb Garden to San Tan Yin Yue which depicts superstition and legend, Father's Disease which depicts childhood life, and reveals the misunderstanding of Jianghu doctors.
Petty notes-Mr. Fujino, write a hateful image of YanTaitai with ulterior motives-write Fan Ainong, the Japanese teacher who appreciates Lu Xun most-write a story of a fellow countryman friend who has been down and out all his life.
Library catalogue
Small dogs, cats, mice, Chang and twenty-four filial piety in Shan Hai Jing: impermanence of meeting in cabin five; From "Herb Garden" to "Father's Disease of Three Ponds and the Moon": Postscript of Mr. Fan Ainong Fujino.
Catalogue of works
Lu Xun's Preface and Morning Flowers in the Evening
Dogs, Cats and Rats, A Chang and Twenty-four Filial Paintings Intensive Reading, Wujingshe Intensive Reading, Impermanence Intensive Reading, From Herbal Garden to San Tan Yin Yue Intensive Reading, My Father's Disease Intensive Reading, Mr. Fujino Intensive Reading, Fan Ainong Intensive Reading and Introduction to Lu Xun's Postscript were included in the seventh grade by Jiangsu Education Press. Mr. Fujino was included as the fifth lesson in the second volume of the eighth grade of Jiangsu Education Publishing House. Flowers in the morning are picked up in the evening, which was recommended by Jiangsu Education Publishing House in the second volume of the ninth grade, and From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue was included in the seventh grade 1 class of People's Education Press.
Brief introduction of the author
Lu Xun (188 1~ 1936), formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a declining feudal family. China is a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern times, the founder of modern literature in China and one of the top ten writers in the world. Representative works include: Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, and the first use of the pseudonym "Lu Xun"; The novella The True Story of Ah Q, Collection of Memories Prose, Collection of Novels, Shout, Wandering, etc. None of the characters he wrote had a bad image. On September 25th, 2008, Mr. Lu Xun was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. The Zhou family is a big family, and it has been declining since Grandpa Lu Xun's generation. Lu Xun's father is a scholar, because he was dissatisfied with his career all his life, and he has never been admitted to juren. /kloc-when I was 0/2 years old, my grandfather went to prison because of a court case, and my father was seriously ill. /kloc-died at 0/5. During this time, as the eldest son of the family, Lu Xun planned to go in and out between pawn shops and pharmacies every day, deeply feeling the coldness of the current situation. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, Lu Xun left his hometown, advanced to Nanjing Naval Academy, and then transferred to Railway Mining Academy. 1902, graduated with honors and went to Japan for further study. Two years later, he entered Sendai Medical College to study medicine. The slide incident made him deeply realize that it is more important to change China people's numb spirit than to heal their bodies, so he gave up medicine and went into literature. 1909 After Lu Xun returned to China, he taught in Hangzhou, Shaoxing and other places, and then worked in the Ministry of Education in Beijing. During this period, he witnessed the whole process of the Revolution of 1911 from victory to failure, and strengthened the understanding that the urgent task of China society is to transform the national character. 19 17 or so, the new culture movement and the literary revolution have been advocated, and Lu Xun began to write. With the publication of Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel, a large number of literary works were created out of control. When I was a teenager, I studied poetry and classics at home, and liked unofficial history's miscellaneous notes and folk painting art. From 65438 to 0898, I studied at Nanjing Jiangnan Naval Academy founded by Westernization School. A few months later, I was re-admitted to the Railway Mining and Metallurgy School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School, and began to contact the new school. 1902 to study in Japan. He entered Hongwen College in April, graduated from 1904 in April, and entered Sendai Medical College in June. During this period, he began to participate in various national democratic revolutionary activities and extensively dabbled in modern western science and literature books and periodicals. The first half of the earliest translated article Soul of Sparta was published in the fifth issue of Zhejiang Tide published in June, l903 in Japan (the second half was published in the ninth issue). In the same year, the first translated science fiction novel A Journey to the Moon Boundary was published in Tokyo. 1906 gave up medicine and joined the literature, hoping to transform the national spirit with literature and art. After the failure of establishing the literary magazine "New Life", he turned to publish important papers such as Human History, Moro Poetry and Cultural Re-discussion in Henan magazine. Co-translated the first episode of foreign novels with Zhou Zuoren, published in 1909. Flowers at dawn are picked at dusk.
/kloc-returned to China in the summer of 0/909 and taught in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Normal School and Shaoxing High School. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as the principal of Shaoxing Normal School. 19 1 1 year, he wrote his first novel homesickness in classical Chinese, and its ideological characteristics and artistic style are the same as those of later novels. Pushkin, a Czech scholar, thinks it is "the pioneer of modern literature in China". 19 12 in February, at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, he went to work in Nanjing Ministry of Education, and then moved to Beijing with the Ministry of Education. 19 18 In May, the first modern vernacular novel Diary of a Madman was published in New Youth under the pseudonym of Lu Xun. In the following three years, he published more than 50 novels, new poems, essays and translations in New Youth, and participated in the editing of New Youth. 1920 was hired as a liberal arts lecturer in Peking University and Beijing Normal University in August. From 192 1 12 to the beginning of the following year, The True Story of Ah Q was serialized in the supplement of the Morning Post. 1923 published the first collection of short stories "Scream". 1926 published Wandering. In addition to novels, Lu Xun also wrote many essays with unique styles, represented by Random Thoughts, published in New Youth 19 18. 1925 published a collection of essays, Hot Wind. Since then, a collection of mixed feelings has been published almost every year. In the mid-1920s, he participated in the establishment of Mangyuan Weekly, Yusi Weekly and the last famous literary society. 1927 Joined Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou at the beginning of the year, and served as the head of literature department and the dean of educational affairs. 1August, 927, became a professor at Xiamen University. In June 5438+10 in the same year, he went to Shanghai and settled in Shanghai from then on, specializing in writing. 1928, co-founded Liu Ben magazine with Yu Dafu. 1930, the League of Chinese Left-wing Writers was established. He is one of the founders and the main leader. He has successively edited important literary periodicals such as Germination, Sentinel, Crossing the Street and Translation. 1936 55 years old died of overwork and lung disease in Shanghai. Lu Xun published three collections of novels, two collections of essays, fifteen collections of essays, one collection of letters and two works on the history of literature. He has also made outstanding achievements in sorting out China's ancient books and translating foreign literature. After all his translations, People's Literature Publishing House compiled Complete Works of Lu Xun, Complete Works of Lu Xun's Translation and Lu Xun's Ancient Books Series.
Writing background
At first, "Flowers at Morning" was published in the bimonthly "Mangyuan" with the theme of "Reviving the Past". 1July, 927, Lu Xun re-edited it in Guangzhou, adding Xiao Yin and postscript. The collection was completed in September, 1928, and it was renamed as "Morning Flower". Published by Beijing Weiming Society in September, 1928 is listed as one of the "unknown new collections" compiled by the author. Reprinted in February 1929. In September, the third edition 1932 was reorganized and published by Shanghai Beifang New Bookstore. The cover of this book was painted by Tao. "Morning Flowers Pick Up in the Evening" * * * earned ten works. Including: dogs, cats and mice who hate cats; I miss my eldest mother, mourn her misfortune, and I am angry at her indisputable "Achanghe"; Criticize the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety; Wu Canghui showed the shadow of feudal paternalism; Depicting impermanence, superstition and intoxicating messengers in legends; From "Hundred Herbs Garden" to "Three Ponds Printing the Moon" —— About childhood: exposing the quack's "father's disease"; Notes describing the evil and disgusting image of YanTaitai; Mr. Fujino, the Japanese teacher who appreciates Lu Xun most; Fan Ainong, a fellow countryman friend who was down and out all his life. Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening combine memories of the past with real life, which fully shows the author's great enthusiasm for caring about life and reforming society. These ten essays are Memoirs of Memories (preface to selected works of three leisure collections), which completely record Lu Xun's life track and experience from childhood to youth, vividly depict the life picture of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and are important artistic documents for studying Lu Xun's early ideological life and society at that time. These chapters are profound and meaningful, and they are classics in China's modern prose. Many of these works have been included in junior high school textbooks, such as From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, which shows that it plays a very important role in education. When Lu Xun wrote Flowers in the Morning, he was already an important writer in the literary world. 1926 "318" tragedy, Lu Xun wrote articles such as "in memory of Liu Hezhen", angrily denounced the shameless behavior of the reactionary government, was persecuted by the reactionary government, and had to live a wandering life. I have lived in Yamamoto Hospital and German Hospital. Despite the hard life, I also wrote many prose poems and three essays, Twenty-four Filial Pieties, Five Classics Society and Impermanence. Later, they wrote Dogs, Cats and Rats, Chang and Shan Hai Jing together, and I received a collection of essays, Morning Flowers and Evening Picking Up. 1926 In September, Lu Xun accepted the invitation of Xiamen University to teach in the south, but he only stayed in Xiamen University for more than four months because he found that the air in Xiamen University was as dirty as that in Beijing. Lu Xun saw the ugly faces of all kinds of intellectuals here and attacked them mercilessly. Although Lu Xun doesn't like Xiamen University, he concentrates on his courses, which are very popular with students. After busy teaching, Lu Xun wrote many works in the library building of Xiamen University, including five essays: From Baicaoyuan to Santan Printing the Moon, Father's Disease, Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. These five essays and five other essays written in Beijing constitute the whole of Flowers in the Morning. Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers was published in 1927.
Artistic feature
1, narrative, description, lyricism and discussion are organically integrated, full of poetry and painting. For example, it describes the morning flowers in the Herbal Garden.
The scenery is vivid and charming. 2. When the author deeply recalls the past, he can't forget the reality, and occasionally inserts some "essays" (that is, comments on the reality), showing Mr. Lu Xun's true and rich inner world. For example, the article "Dogs, Cats and Rats" not only has the author's deep memories of a cute little hidden mouse he had in his childhood, but also vividly tells the folk stories told by his grandmother, and also reveals the true faces of gentlemen who look like cats in reality. 3, often absorb the small details in life, see the big from the small, write the charm of the characters, and write the essence of the event. For example, impermanence, starting from the fact that impermanence also has a wife and children, not only writes the characteristics of impermanence full of human feelings, but also cleverly satirizes those hypocritical intellectuals in life. The author often uses irony, also known as pun, when criticizing and satirizing the old feudal system and morality. Describing the whole story calmly on the surface is actually an irony, which implies the ingenious irony of "saying this and meaning that". For example, in Father, there is no positive criticism and satire on quack's medical practice, but there is angry criticism and satire between the lines. For example, in Mr. Fujino, the author uses "Peugeot" to satirize the ugliness of students studying in the Qing Dynasty. It is actually boring to satirize Qing Sheng's "mastery of current affairs" with "mastery of current affairs". Use "patriotic youth" to satirize some young people in Japan who were arrogant, blindly loyal to the monarch and narrow-minded by militarism at that time; Use "why" to strengthen the ironic tone, thus strengthening affirmation and so on. The author often uses contrast in his prose. For example, "Wu Cang Hui" expresses my disgust and criticism of feudal society through the comparison of mood before and after; By comparing Ghosts with real people, impermanence profoundly depicts the ugly faces of some people whose personalities are not as good as ghosts in real life. The author's love for mice is in sharp contrast to his strong hatred for cats.
Stylistic analysis
It is usually called "reminiscence prose", which was originally a prose style, and the word "reminiscence" was specially marked, perhaps because Lu Xun said that ten essays in "Morning Flowers and Evening Picking Up" were "copied from memory" and wrote about the past in memory. When Lu Xun wrote Flowers in the Morning, his choice of style may be arbitrary, but it is inevitable. He chose a style to express his unique personality and spiritual temperament. Flowers in the Morning is neither an empirical chronicle nor a purely imaginative description. It focuses on feeling. There are feelings, and two of them are really mixed feelings, namely "cats, dogs and mice" and "Twenty-four filial piety pictures". The second is the style of combining prose with miscellaneous feelings. This combination may not be the consciousness of literary creation, but the natural extension of the author's feelings from the inside out, which is driven by the internal emotional experience and turned to the external civilization criticism. Because Lu Xun's prose is obsessed with society and rarely sinks into his personal inner world, there are descriptions and comments of overlapping feelings of internal and external things everywhere in Morning Flowers and Evening Picking, and its style is basically a combination of prose and miscellaneous feelings, the most typical of which are Wu Canghui, Impermanence, Father's Disease and Notes. The third is pure prose. When Lu Xun recalled his past life experiences, he sank more into his personal emotional world and less into mixed feelings, becoming a pure prose. Of course, the so-called "purity" is relative. For Lu Xun, it is rare to completely sink into his personal emotional world, and it is also difficult to find a style that purely expresses his inner world like Bing Xin's Past. Therefore, on the whole, Morning Flowers and Evening Picks belong to what Zhu Ziqing called "Prose" style. However, Lu Xun sometimes falls into his own emotional world, so his prose style is pure and there are few mixed factors, such as "From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue" and "Mr. Fujino".
Character image
The five main characters in Morning Flowers are the author's nanny (eldest mother), teacher (Mr. Fujino), friend (Fan Ainong), father and neighbor (YanTaitai) and the author's childhood private school teacher (Shou). Big mother-has a foolish and superstitious side, but has a simple and kind love that the author will never forget. From The Longevity Mother, we can see Lu Xun's feelings for the working people at the bottom: he not only exposed their ignorance and numbness, but also praised their beauty and kindness. Mr. Fujino, a Japanese medical professor, is awe-inspiring because he shows an equal attitude towards others and cares about the study of people in weak countries. Everything he does is ordinary, without ethnic discrimination. If we put ourselves in Lu Xun's position at that time, it is not difficult to feel the greatness of this teacher. Fan Ainong, an awakened intellectual, was unable to gain a foothold in the dark society. He can't compromise with this society like a madman, nor can he forget it like Mr. N, so his heart is painful and sad. Like Lu Xun, we suspect that he committed suicide. (Compromise, cowardice) Father-When he was a child, his father also puzzled Lu Xun, because he was ordered to endorse when he was going to see the spiced party happily. However, Lu Xun never accused his father. What he repented was that he didn't let his father die quietly, which made his mind restless and miserable forever. From this we can feel Mr. Lu Xun's deep love for his father. In real life, some dads are heartless. They don't pay attention to their children's step-by-step efforts, but only perfunctory children, which will damage their self-esteem and make them live like years. (Strict and loving) YanTaitai-showed unhealthy paintings to Lu Xun and instigated Lu Xun to steal his mother's jewelry and sell it. While YanTaitai's own children are naughty and dirty their clothes, YanTaitai will beat and scold them. Lu Xun praised her on the surface, but actually looked down on YanTaitai because she was a selfish, talkative and naughty woman. Keep-founder, simple and knowledgeable.
Important articles
Dogs, cats and rats-in this article, Mr. Lu Xun cleared up the crimes of cats: first, cats always play with their prey to the fullest before eating it; Second, it is related to liger, but sometimes it is also coquetry; Third, it is annoying to howl when mating; Fourth, it ate a little hidden mouse that I loved when I was a child. Although it turned out that it wasn't the cat, "I" wouldn't have a good impression on the cat, not to mention that it did eat the rabbit later! This paper takes "cat" as the type, sharply and vividly satirizes people who are similar to cats in life. Chang and Shan Hai Jing-Chang was Lu Xun's nanny when he was a child. Describe the scene of getting along with Chang when I was a child, and describe the kindness, simplicity, superstition and nagging character of my eldest mother. "Eating a full stomach is troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude for her long-awaited painting Shan Hai Jing. The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language. Twenty-four filial piety pictures-the so-called twenty-four filial piety pictures-are books about twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, with pictures. Its main purpose is to promote feudal filial piety. Starting with the feelings of reading Twenty-four Filial Pieties as a child, Mr. Lu Xun emphatically described the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories: Lao Lai Entertains Parents and Guo Ju Buries Children, vividly exposing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety and revealing the poor and miserable situation of children in old China. "Wucang Club"-Wucang Club is a meeting with the gods, and it is a festival in my childhood. Describe the eagerness and excitement of looking forward to seeing God when I was a child, and the feeling of disappointment and pain when my father forced me to carry my sword. It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature. Impermanence-impermanence is a ghost with human feelings. When I went to heady, I saw my mother crying her dead son so sadly that I decided to let her son "go back to the sun for half an hour". As a result, my immediate boss, Yan Luowang, beat me with a big stick. When recalling impermanence, the article occasionally adds a few ironies to the so-called gentleman in reality, and the illusory impermanence gives some comfort to Lu Xun's lonely and sad heart at that time. At the same time, the article profoundly expresses the despair of the people of China in the old society and their indignation at the injustice of the world, while "justice is free from people's hearts" and they can only seek sustenance and "justice" in the dark. From herbarium to printing the moon in San Tan —— Describing the fun of my childhood at home in herbarium and the strict but no lack of fun of studying in San Tan, revealing the sharp contradiction between children's extensive interest in life and feudal bookstore education that fetters children's nature, and expressing the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth. "Father's illness"-the death of his father delayed by a quack doctor has always been a pain buried in Lu Xun's heart. Focusing on the memory of my father's delayed treatment when he was a child, this paper describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors" and reveals the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life. In this article, Lu Xun recalled that the family next door seemed to be kind to children, but in fact it was YanTaitai who made children do dangerous things, showed Lu Xun unhealthy pictures and taught Lu Xun to steal his mother's jewelry, but he was very strict with his children. It shows that she is a selfish, treacherous and immoral woman. Mainly recalled the process of leaving Shaoxing to study in Nanjing. The work describes the disadvantages and difficulties of studying in Jiangnan Navy School and Mining Railway School at that time, and criticizes the "cigar smoke" of Westernization School. The author describes the excitement of reading the theory of evolution for the first time, regardless of the opposition of the older generation, showing a strong desire for knowledge. "Mr. Fujino"-records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature. The author highlights the preciseness, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, and expresses his deep memory of Mr. Fujino. (Written in 1926 10, 12) Fan Ainong —— It traces several life fragments of the author's contact with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after his return to China, describes Fan Ainong's experience of being dissatisfied with the dark old society before the revolution, pursuing the revolution and being persecuted after the Revolution of 1911, and shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his integrity and stubbornness. Now, the book "Morning Flowers and Evening Picking Up" has become one of the classic guidance books for the second grade Chinese studies published by People's Education Press, allowing more teenagers to share Lu Xun's "warm memories and rational criticism". Moreover, this book was also selected in the ninth edition of "Recommendation and Reading of Famous Books" by the Soviet Education Press, and was also selected in the eighth edition of "Introduction to Famous Books" by the People's Education Press. Among them, Xiao Yin, A Chang and Shan Hai Jing were selected as readers. Generally speaking, Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening describes some fragments of his life before and after he went to Japan in his youth, shows the world and folk culture at that time, and reveals Lu Xun's profound observation of society and sincere feelings for his family, teachers and friends. The narrative is touching, combining a lot of description, lyricism and discussion organically, and the writing is beautiful and fresh, which can be called the highest realm of recalling prose in the history of modern literature.