From the perspective of environmental psychology and based on environmental cognitive theory, this paper analyzes the design status of campus-oriented system, and tries to improve the practice of modern campus-oriented design based on environmental cognitive theory, in order to improve the practicability of campus-oriented system in colleges and universities and provide reference suggestions for campus-oriented designers.
Environmental psychology, environmental cognitive theory, university campus-oriented design
With the development of environmental art design, designers pay more and more attention to environmental psychology, making environmental psychology an applied discipline and a powerful tool for environmental art designers to solve environmental design problems. In addition, due to the expansion of the scale of higher education in China, in the construction of new campus, the hasty planning and construction makes the environmental design of most colleges and universities look magnificent in design form, but it has caused many inconveniences to users and foreign tourists, among which the design of campus guidance system is a typical problem. In the newly-built campus environment, how to better plan and design, and how to embody campus environmental culture and function optimization in the design details of campus-oriented system are issues that must be considered in the process of campus planning and design.
It is still a new field to apply environmental psychology to the design of guidance system. For graphic designers, if we can consider the important role of the guidance system in its environment when designing the campus guidance system, it will greatly enhance the rationality and systematicness of the guidance system design.
First, an overview of relevant theories of environmental psychology
1. Definition and characteristics of environmental psychology
Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary subject that studies the interaction between man and environment, involving a wide range of fields. According to the research done by many scholars in this field, Paul, a professor of psychology at Colorado State University, USA? Bell's definition of environmental psychology is reasonable. Environmental psychology is a holistic science, which studies the relationship between human behavior and experience and the artificial and natural environment? . As an environmental psychology that studies the environment and the relationship between environment and human behavior, it evolved from the research field of psychology at first, and its core is to study the dynamic relationship between environment and human interaction.
In addition, in addition to early environmental psychology? Stimulation? Reaction system? In addition to the individual's reaction to the environment and cognitive theory, social behavior in the environment and environmental evaluation theory also play an important role in perfecting the theory of environmental psychology. As the design of campus guidance system in colleges and universities, its special field atmosphere makes the design of guidance system must consider the interaction between campus environment and behavior. For example, the culture and spirit of the campus, the special geographical environment and humanistic atmosphere of the campus. It is decided that the design of campus-oriented system must solve the problems encountered in the design from the perspective of environmental psychology, emphasizing both environmental theory and design application.
2. Environmental perception and spatial cognition
Environmental perception is the initial accumulation of environmental information, and it is a process of capturing and interpreting environmental information to make it organized and meaningful. Spatial cognition refers to the arrangement, combination, storage and recall of spatial information in the environment. However, environmental perception and spatial cognition are two interactive processes, because the perception and cognition of the environment between people is mediated by psychology. Cognitive psychology defines perception as the process of explaining the meaning of external stimulus information, which is the overall reflection of the human brain on objective things. This process is almost instantaneous in the human brain, and it is the result of the accumulation of human experience in continuous practice.
Spatial cognition tends to study people's cognitive ability and way of the whole space in the spatial environment. People who live in the city need to know the location of their home in the city and the information of shopping malls, hospitals and schools near their home. In a strange city, the need for spatial cognition is more obvious, because you need to know your position and path accurately. These factors make it necessary to study spatial cognition.
3. Cognitive distance problem
The discussion of cognitive distance is based on the familiar environment, and people's cognition of spatial distance may be biased. The reasons of cognitive distance deviation are complicated. Through the evidence collection of early investigation data and the reference of modern environmental psychology research experiments, the main inducing reason of cognitive distance deviation is the subjective feature defect of spatial cognition. In the cognitive process of spatial distance, people's experience, emotion and habits are all involved, so the cognitive distance usually changes because of the obstacles, twists and turns people feel and the degree of effort they have to pay.
Because cognitive distance is related to the efficiency and convenience of users of the guidance system, the author makes some introductions here, paving the way for making up for the lack of cognitive distance through the design of campus guidance system. Adding the distance prompt function of the guidance system can improve the accuracy of cognitive distance, and then play a positive role in the generation of campus environment images.
Second, the status of college campus-oriented design
1. The concept of guidance system
Guidance system is usually also called guidance system or guidance system, which refers to the information guidance system made by people in public space by using indication information, signs and so on. It plays the role of guidance, explanation and indication, helping people identify space and find direction. The English name of the navigation system is Wayfinding, which means finding the way. Continuous and clear spatial clues can make people find their way more easily.
At present, designers tend to describe the oriented design in the environment, because the oriented system is not only a way-finding system for people, but also an important part of creating specific cultural sites and improving environmental quality.
2. The relationship between campus guidance and off-site guidance.
Modern guidance system includes the guidance system design of public spaces such as business, transportation, entertainment, office and education. With the construction and development of cities in China, the oriented design of urban public transportation and commercial entertainment has fully realized the importance of the background factors of space environment, and the level of oriented design has made great progress. In general, business-oriented system serves business activities, which is the inevitable product of the development mode of modern fast-paced and information-based society. The rapid development of modern society is often at the expense of the natural environment, so the business-oriented system usually ignores the connection with the natural environment. As a place of higher education, the campus-oriented system of colleges and universities shoulders the heavy responsibility of spreading knowledge and culture, displaying human civilization and social humanistic spirit, which requires that the campus-oriented design must convey the humanistic characteristics of the campus and even the civilized achievements of the society. Therefore, the design of guidance system in colleges and universities is more about the integration of natural environment and human environment. In a sense, conveying the cultural characteristics of colleges and universities is also one of the important contents of design.
Urban public places are more macroscopic in space, and the design of their guidance system is mainly based on traffic and road guidance design. The campus space of colleges and universities is relatively small, and the design of road guidance system is mainly influenced by the overall planning of the campus. Experienced planners usually study cognitive map theory in detail at the beginning of planning. After weighing the five elements of cognitive map, such as roads, nodes, regions, marks and edges, they systematically organize and code the space by using landmark and path information. Many campus road-oriented designs rarely consider environmental factors, and it is difficult to connect with landmark buildings and landmark information. From the perspective of environmental psychology, the overall campus-oriented design will integrate the campus-oriented system with the campus background environment, and the campus-oriented design will reflect the campus humanistic characteristics from the campus environment, and the unique humanistic characteristics will make people more impressed.
Third, the orientation design of university campus based on environmental psychology
Campus space is a relatively independent but clearly defined environmental space. In the process of understanding the campus environment, we should not only know our own region, but also know the position of our region in the whole campus layout. This kind of global cognition will usually make us more convenient and quick to understand the environmental information of a campus. The campus includes libraries, teaching buildings, sports grounds, cultural squares, student canteens and many other public places. The guiding design of campus public places should be aimed at the characteristics of the campus, and its design should choose the appropriate design form according to the special natural and humanistic environment of the campus. Civilization prompt and humanistic guidance are the main functions of this guidance. In addition to coordinating with the overall campus guidance system, the guidance design of such places should also fully reflect the campus cultural characteristics, deeply understand the campus landscape environmental conditions, external environment, campus paths and functional divisions, analyze the internal structures of various college buildings, public teaching buildings, teachers and students dormitories, public activity places and foreign exchange places, and determine the classification of campus guidance systems.
First of all, the global map or aerial view of the campus at the school gate will play an important role in the process of campus space cognition. In addition, besides local spatial information, a global schematic diagram should be attached to the guidance unit interface of the guidance system to clearly show the relationship between the current position and the overall layout.
Secondly, the design of campus guidance system includes five parts: campus external environment, main road guidance, main building internal and external guidance, public activity place guidance and guidance application. In order to facilitate freshmen and foreign tourists to find their way in the first time, the guidance of campus external environment not only needs accurate direction guidance, but also needs to pay attention to the problems that people may cause because of cognitive distance deviation, which is an effective means to strengthen the audience's cognitive map and correct their cognitive distance deviation. The internal guidance design of campus buildings belongs to secondary guidance, which requires to reflect the hierarchical information and plane function zoning information of the whole building. Due to the different disciplinary nature of different colleges, we can make design considerations on color matching according to the disciplinary characteristics of different departments. Therefore, in the floor design, we mainly focus on highlighting the overall situation and floor information, which requires designers to break the two-dimensional spatial thinking mode, and the three-dimensional thinking mode will have a far-reaching impact on the improvement and perfection of the quality of spatial design.
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In a word, the theoretical discussion and design of campus-oriented system from the perspective of environmental psychology is still in its infancy in China. Based on the analysis of the present situation of campus-oriented system, this paper considers and solves the design problems of university-oriented system from the perspective of environmental psychology, so as to effectively improve the recognition of university-oriented system. I hope this kind of theoretical and practical exploration can inject new blood into the campus-oriented system, which will lead to deeper theoretical discussion and practical research in related design fields.
References:
[1] Xu Leiqing, Yang Gongxia. Environmental psychology [M]. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 2006.
[2] Kevin? Lynch. City image [M]. Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House, 200 1.
[3] Paul? Bell, Thomas? Green. Environmental Psychology (5th Edition) [M]. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 20 10.