April 1480 Cardinal Rodrigo? 6? 1 Borgia, in one of his jurisdictions, the Italian town of Subiag, and his mistress Vanessa? 6? 1 Cattanei ushered in the birth of a third child, which was later called Lucrezia by the whole world? 6? 1 Borgia. Vanessa became Rodrigo's mistress in her early 30s 1473. It is said that she is beautiful and comes from a poor family, but her image is still very vague. Rodrigo is rich and extravagant, especially generous in supporting his children. It is said that women can't resist his charm, and he made full use of it, regardless of his thriving position in the church. In addition, he is proud of his Spanish identity. Vanessa's relationship with this man lasted for ten years, running through her many marriages. Finally, she gave birth to four strong and lovely children for Rodrigo, followed by Caesar, Juan, Lucrezia and Joffrey.
Young Lucrezia, kind and beautiful, has blonde hair and big gray-blue eyes. This lovely little girl has completely won her father's favor. Before she was three years old, she lived with her brother and mother and occasionally received a visit from her admired father. Vanessa was still a widow, but Rodrigo soon married her to a conceited husband, and immediately took the child away from her and gave it to a Spanish cousin, that is, adrianna? 6? 1 Germany? 6? 1 Milla.
Lucrezia's life has turned a new page. From then on, she was fully trained by the Borgia family, that is, she was trained to be a Spaniard. Borgia is an ancient Spanish surname, and family members attach great importance to it. Almost every escort is Spanish, including all the maids of Lucrezia. We should pay attention to this surprisingly strong sense of family identity, which may come from * * * and the same blood yin, making blood relationship so sacred in children's eyes. Borgia's family members can forgive almost any harm and crime caused to each other.
Adrianna. 6? 1 Germany? 6? 1 Milla is Ludovico? 6? 1 orsini's widow orsini? 6? 1 Osini's mother. She raised Lucrezia, who got married for the first time at the age of three to thirteen. She is in charge of Lucrezia's education, such as etiquette, religion, culture, Spanish, Italian, French and so on. And in her home, little Lucrezia began to get in touch with the nobles and elites of Rome, and gradually grew into a lady who was always elegant and self-sustaining.
When she was nine years old, a dazzling new person came into her life. Orsino? 6? 1 ossini married Julia? 6? 1 farnese is his wife. She is fifteen, sweet, lovely and beautiful. Lucrezia looked at her like a sister. They became close friends and enjoyed beautiful clothes together. They walked around in front of the mirror for three hours and dressed all day. During these years in Osini Palace, Lucrezia, as the daughter of a prominent cardinal, was spoiled by all imaginable people and her reputation was impeccable. In fact, during this period, there is almost nothing to say about her.
In 1492, Cardinal Rodrigo? 6? 1 Borgia was elected as Pope Alexander VI, and everything changed. Lucrezia is twelve years old. She has been carefully maintained, and her low-key and happy teenage life has come to an end. She was pushed to the political front with her relatives. Lucrezia and Julia, abandoned by their naive husbands, were placed in the newly-built Mary in Alexander VI? 6? 1 Del？ 6? 1 Bo Tico Palace. As long as the Pope wishes, he can visit his daughter and his latest mistress Julia at any time through a secret passage connecting St. Peter's Palace. Roman gossip, the Pope's favorite, has long been called "the bride of Christ". Surprisingly, the extramarital affair did not affect the close friendship between the three women. In this strange calm, young Lucrezia learned to adapt to life very early.
However, the ambiguous relationship between the Pope and Julia has become the beginning of all bad records and will defile Lucreza for the rest of her life. The former Pope also had mistresses, but he never paraded like Alexander VI. The affair between the old man and the beautiful young woman angered the Italians, and rumors spread like wildfire, discrediting Borgia's reputation.
And Lucrezia will also embark on her thrilling odyssey, from her first marriage to the end of her life. Before 1 1 year-old, she had been formally engaged to a Spanish nobleman twice, both of which were dissolved by Alexander VI. Then,1February 493, Lucrezia was betrothed to Giovanni? 6? 1 sforza, this man's cousin, Cardinal Ascanio, facilitated this marriage. The engagement stipulated that Lucrezia should not be taken out of Rome within one year after marriage, and the marriage should not be "substantially" performed during the same period. In addition, the marriage capital is as high as 3 1 1,000 gold coins. On June 12 of the same year, the wedding was held in a luxurious celebration in the Vatican. After the wedding, Lucrezia still lives in Tico Palace with adrianna and Julia, and her life has hardly changed.
From all indications, this is not a happy marriage. Giovanni is a careless and neurotic man, twice the age of his wife. He tried to provoke Milan against Borgia, and the Pope was by no means unaware of it. The political and diplomatic interests he expected were completely lost, Giovanni obviously wasted the precious value of Lucrezia, and the Pope had had enough. Besides, Lucrezia is not happy in Pezaro. She is more adapted to life in Rome and less sinister. Giovanni is afraid. He has no expectations for his in-laws. When he returned to Rome from the battlefield in 1497+ 10, he found his wife very enthusiastic and his relatives and friends very friendly. He decided that this was an ominous signal, immediately disguised himself to fly back to Pezaro, and then asked his wife to follow him. Lucrezia refused to go back to the stupid court of "country people" Subsequently, the Pope decided to divorce.
This became a major turning point in Lucrezia's reputation. Giovanni? 6? 1 sforza reluctantly agreed to divorce under various pressures, but he had to sign a testimony of "impotence". Failure to consummate marriage is what the Pope calls the cause of divorce. But Giovanni had many illegitimate children, and his first wife died in childbirth. The hypothesis of "impotence" is difficult to establish, and he also angrily denied it. With broken self-esteem and full of grief, he turned around and threw out a shocking accusation, which will haunt the Borgia family forever.
He told Ludovico? 6? 1 sforza said that the pope forced Lucrezia to divorce her in order to keep her for himself. She was only eighteen at the time, and the charges against her were immediately accepted by Borgia's opponents. Historians hold different views on this. In the past, almost everyone believed this to be true, but now, a brand-new view has been formed. Giovanni is either eager for revenge or he believes it is true. He is an indifferent person, from an indifferent family, and can't understand the intimacy and warmth among Borgia members. In any case, the accusation of incest with her father soon spread to her and her brothers Caesar and Juan. At that time, the public's view of Lucrezia was in memory of Jacob? 6? The inscription of 1 Sa nazzaro reflects that she is called the "daughter, bride and daughter-in-law" of the Pope.
In fact, there is a very special relationship between Borgia's children. Lucrezia loves her three brothers, and she loves them, especially Juan and Caesar. However, the two brothers are more jealous than friendly. As soon as the accusation of incest came out, it was immediately spread as the main reason for the disagreement between the two. The real reason is more likely to be that Alexander VI has an abnormal preference for Juan, regardless of Caesar's eldest son status, and is superior to them in intelligence, talent and appearance. When their half-brother Pietro. 6? 1 when Louis died, Juan skipped the order of inheritance and got the principality of Gandia, which greatly stimulated Caesar. In order to prepare for Juan's wedding, the Pope dressed him up in luxury, and a jeweler worked hard for months to make jewelry for him. Juan, an extremely arrogant young man, plus his prominent position, made Caesar very angry. Lucrezia admired him and regarded him as a romantic hero. She loves Caesar, too, but it seems that their early relationship always lacks a little intimacy. It was Caesar who got his sister involved in a series of events that constituted Borgia's evil legend.
In a related incident, Caesar stood on the balcony of the Vatican Palace and shot an unarmed prisoner with a crossbow, while Lucrezia was with him all the time. This episode, coupled with incest, brought Lucrezia a terrible reputation. She was indeed present, but the question is why she was present. Contemporary people think that because she and Caesar are birds of a feather, she is happy to attend and watch such a despicable performance. Others think that she is afraid of Caesar, but not necessarily, because if she really wants to, she has a good chance to escape to Pezaro. The answer may be simple. Lucrezia almost instinctively wants to please her family. It is this kind of education that brought her up and made her love her family, no matter what they did.
Despite the amazing intimacy, it is becoming increasingly clear that this is not based on incest. Shame begins with a husband who was abandoned by Borgia and publicly humiliated. Even after the divorce, he lost the Principality of Pezaro, because it was the territory of the Pope. From the beginning of marriage, he will compete with his wife's family for her loyalty, and finally make terrible accusations in confusion and pain. This is not true. Giovanni? 6? 1 Guido, a loyal subordinate of Sforza? 6? Bostumus, 1, witnessed this marriage from beginning to end. He never taunted Alexander VI fearlessly. But he never hinted at the possibility of Lucrezia's incest with her father and brother.
The logical inference is that this condemnation is not so much a fact as a product of imagination. People only know rumors about Borgia. As we all know, the more widely a story or rumor spreads, the more exaggerated and bizarre it becomes. The Borgia family is regarded as the epitome of greed and corruption in an era. In addition, the Pope's daughter is very attractive, which makes incest more likely-almost desirable-to happen in the family. People fear and expect what kind of fruit this dark secret in Borgia's heart will bear. This makes all the stories that happened later even uglier.
When Alexander VI filed for divorce, Lucrezia hid in the monastery of St. Sisto in Rome. Divorce is a big scandal. She and her maid left her palace and hid in this secluded place famous for their piety, without asking or telling her father and brother. It is rumored that she intends to become a nun. The Pope tried to take her away from the monastery, but at the insistence of Sister Saint Sisto, she failed.
Father and daughter are in a tense stalemate. Lucrezia rebelled against her father for the first time, which also reflected her personality. She knows that the divorce is based on some false reasons, but she has to obey and play her role well.
At the same time, there is another rumor about her, the truth of which is still under debate. It is widely believed that in the monastery, she received a letter from her father Pietro? 6? 1 Calderon is pregnant. Pietro is a handsome young Spaniard and a favorite of the Pope. People found him in the Tiber River, and the time of murder was around the birth of the legendary Lucreza. Alexander VI, Caesar and Juan are all considered as the father of the child, but its existence is in doubt. Lucrezia is unlikely to get pregnant during that time, because if so, she would have been pregnant when she stood in front of the cardinal's court and swore that she was still chaste. In addition, the death of Pietro does not necessarily "prove" that he once got Lucrezia pregnant; Rumors alone are enough to provoke Borgia and take action. At the same time, the Pope gave birth to a child with an unknown woman, wrote two letters to declare his identity, publicly called it Caesar's child, and privately admitted that it was his own. It is this famous Roman baby who is regarded as the illegitimate child of Lucrezia, saying that she was born to any one of her fathers Caesar, Juan and Pietro. In fact, I'm afraid that the man wearing the Pope's crown has an illegitimate child and doesn't want to be known. This is the most likely explanation.
In the monastery, Lucrezia received a shocking news, Juan? 6? 1 Borgia was killed and his body was thrown into the Tiber River. It is generally believed in history that Caesar? 6? 1 Borgia should be responsible for the murder. The motives are jealousy caused by Lucrezia, jealousy caused by Joffrey's wife Sanzia (who also had an affair with Juan Caesar), and jealousy caused by his father's preference for Juan. At that time, Caesar was not regarded as a suspect, but was accused of being a murderer in the annals. It is said that the murder investigation was abruptly terminated because the Pope wanted to exonerate his eldest son. In addition, Lucreza has determined that her eldest brother has committed Cain's crime and is closely related to it, which shows that she is either ruthless or weak and negative.
However, different views may be more logical. Maybe Alexander VI and Lucrezia believe Caesar is innocent. The powerful Osini family is one of the suspects in the Pope's eyes. It is quite possible that Borgia is convinced of Osini's guilt and is determined to take revenge instead of investigating and prosecuting. Whether their assumptions are correct or not, whether Caesar is innocent or not, whether Osini is guilty or not, it has nothing to do with the quality of Lucrezia. She thinks she should believe (why should she doubt? ) the discovery of a powerful father. What she did showed that a caring sister lost her loved ones and was utterly confused, so she immediately returned to her urgently needed home. The traditional view is that this reflects her (evil) character, or on the contrary, nothing holds water.
Getting a divorce and being publicly declared a virgin means another marriage is on the agenda. 1498, Lucreza married Alfonso, Duke of Biscayli. He is the illegitimate child of the former Napoli monarch Alfonso II and the nephew of the current monarch, while Joffrey's beautiful wife Sanzia is the sister of one of his female compatriots. This marriage is for Caesar to get close to his marriage goal, Carota, the daughter of Frederick, the king of Naples. But from this political marriage, true love was born and a pair of unexpectedly happy lovers were made. Alfonso is well-educated, young, straightforward, gentle and amazingly handsome. It can be said that the true face of Lucrezia was completely revealed for the first time. She enjoyed her marriage very much, and with the encouragement of Alfonso, a group of artists and intellectuals gathered in the court. Husband and wife were loyal to each other until the tragic last few months of this marriage, and there was no scandal surrounding her name.
It was Lucrezia's family that suddenly ended her happiness. Carota of Naples refused to marry Caesar, and the French king promised him a princess. Naples is worthless; France replaced it. The change of political winds means that Lucrezia's marriage is meaningless. Alfonso knew Caesar's nature and fled to Genezano to save his life, hoping to get the protection of the Corona family, and wrote a letter to his wife, asking her to come and see him. At that time, Lucrezia had been pregnant for six months, and she cried all day for his separation. In order to prevent her from seeing him, the Pope intercepted all Alfonso's letters and sent Lucrezia to manage the papal territory in Spoleto. Finally, her entreaties softened Alfonso's heart, and he returned to his wife, who lived in a mansion in Rome again. Jonah. 6? 1 Bukadus, a ceremony official in Alexander VI, briefly recorded the disaster that happened after the young people returned to Rome in his diary. He wrote that Alfonso was assassinated on the steps of St. Peter's Palace at the night of1July 500 10, and the attacker then fled with forty riders. He's dying. The way Lucrezia saved her husband showed that she was by no means weak and incompetent. She took him to the Vatican's Borgiata and arranged for reliable people to deal with him. Sanzia was always by his side. For the next month, she took care of him in every way, even cooking for him herself to prevent poisoning. However, all efforts are in vain. A month after the first attack, Alfonso was successfully murdered, just as he was recovering from a near-fatal injury.
In order to ensure his safety, Lucrezia and King Frederick planned to return to Naples for him and set out as soon as he recovered. She loves Alfonso. She knew Caesar was responsible for the attack and was determined to thwart her brother's plan to kill him. Finally, the assassin's hall, which one is loyal to Caesar? 6? 1 Micheletto. Lucrezia and Sanzia were cheated; In order not to let them detain the doctor, they rushed to the next door to plead with the Pope. As soon as they left, the assassin killed Alfonso Soler.
Lucrezia was completely devastated. She refused to be comforted. Her family kept silent about the whole incident, but she refused to accept the lie and pretended that nothing had happened. Her grief was beyond words, which made Caesar and the Pope furious. They sent her to her hometown of Naypyidaw with her son Rodrigo, Alfonso's son. In Bukadus' diary, her pain was confirmed. He wrote: "The Pope's daughter went to Naypyidaw ... and got some comfort and rest after experiencing the pain and fear caused by the recent death of her husband Alfonso of Aragon."
She didn't pay for Alfonso's death with blood for blood. She has done everything possible to prevent it from happening. Now, she sincerely grieves for her beloved. We can see that this woman is by no means indifferent in this incident. She is not a poisonous snake. On the contrary, this is a gentle and affectionate woman, but her life does not belong to her. Within the scope of her nature and upbringing, she rebelled against her father and brother. Finally, she returned to her family and regained a position, which is more likely to be human nature than good and evil.
The next big event is Lucrezia's third and last marriage. Isabella? 6? 1 Germany? 6? 1 Dong seduced Caesar, although he started the war to conquer Romagne and imprisoned several of her relatives. It was an expedient measure for her to protect herself, but Alexander VI was inspired to let Isabella's brother Alfonso? 6? 1 Germany? 6? 1 Esther becomes Lucreza's third husband. The Oriental family ruling Ferrara is one of the noblest and most respected surnames in Italy, which is shocking. Because of Lucrezia's bad reputation, they coldly refused to propose. However, the Pope insisted on adding a huge sum of more than 200,000 gold coins, and explicitly threatened that refusal would lead to an attack on Ferrara. In this way, Lucreza was engaged to another Alfonso.
In this way, we entered the last chapter of Lucreza's life. She took an active part in the negotiation. In order to get the consent of Duke Elkole (Alfonso's father), she sweetly persuaded the Pope to agree to all his conditions. Ferrara sent diplomats to investigate her life and determine to what extent her notoriety is true; And report to Elkoler, is a noble and virtuous woman, eager to get rid of life in Rome. -Lucrezia, is that Alfonso? 6? 1 Germany? 6? 1 Esther's wife, in her short marriage with the Duke of Biskelly, the characteristics she first showed were fully developed.
The wedding was held through an agent, full of amazing wealth, and Lucrezia set off for Ferrara. Now, she needs to summon up all her courage to deal with a family that strongly resists her coming to the neighborhood. However, she only needs to cope with the travel and a week or so after her arrival. After that, all she has to do is show her extraordinary charm and beautiful personality. This charm touched Isabella, the younger sister-in-law, and even her harsh father-in-law. The Duke of Achor was also surprised by the elegance and cheerful beauty of his new daughter-in-law, and wrote to the Pope that he found young Lucrezia a treasure. The Oriental family, as well as Ferrara as a whole, felt that Lucrezia could not be associated with the legendary devil's coat on her.
She does have a beautiful personality, which is fortunate. Less than two years after the marriage, the Pope suddenly died and destroyed Caesar. When her prominent family couldn't protect herself and her, she was not driven out by the Oriental family-she won their love. Even, she tried to protect every Borgia family member as long as she could. It was her personality that made her stand firm in Ferrara.
After the death of Duke Elkoller, Lucreza became the Duchess of Ferrara in 1505. She quickly entered the core of court life and attracted all the great poets and well-educated people at that time. Her husband grew up in the court and was not interested in culture, while Lucreza maintained and promoted Ferrara's glory. She is a generous and kind protector of artists who work for Dongting. She hosts festivals and daily banquets. She began to be called "the good duchess".
It was a Venetian who entered her court, Pietro? 6? 1 Ben, a great humanist and poet, fell in love with the duchess's charm. As we all know, she and Benbo have developed feelings of mutual respect and love. Suppose this relationship becomes a love affair, it only adds a reputation for good taste to Lucrezia.
Pietro wrote love poems for her, which made her very happy. His feelings partially healed the injury caused by her husband's cold reception in the first few years of marriage. Even long after the love ended, they kept in touch with each other.
By studying her letters to Pietro, we can describe Lucrezia at this stage of her life. She is an elegant woman with some subtle romantic feelings. The poem she wrote to Pietro is a delicate and beautiful literary mixture, but it lacks depth. Because she bears a "heavy burden of wealth", she solved this burden through her relationship with Petro. Her correspondence shows that she is an elegant, educated and tasteful woman. Finally, she matured through painful life experiences. From her early years, her gentle and happy temperament was repeatedly hit by the deprivation of her relatives. All these pains have forged her resolute spirit without losing her cheerful nature-communication reflects her maturity.
Lucrezia's life in Ferrara is not very long, but it is a model. Whenever Duke Alfonso goes out, she stays with her brother-in-law Cardinal hippolyte to deal with all kinds of affairs. She acts as a court and receives petitions from citizens. All this proves her sense of responsibility and management ability. She ruled Ferrara as a model and duchess. Ferrara's historians gave the highest praise to her beauty, modesty, chastity and Excellence. Ferrari loves their duchess. At the age of 30, she followed her mother's example and devoted herself to religion and charity. She became a devout believer and retired to Saint many times a year? 6? 1 Bernardino monastery, where you can meet her niece and sister Lucrezia of the same name; She is Caesar's illegitimate daughter and was raised by her aunt in Ferrara. On June 24, 2009, Lucreza died of an unsuccessful pregnancy. The night before her death, she wrote a touching letter to Pope Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, expressing her acceptance of death, longing and inner peace. Duchess Ferrara died in the sincere condolences of her husband and people. Her kindness and kindness won the respect and love of these people.
A fair investigation of Lucrezia's life reveals a woman who is not very similar to the public impression. An anti-Borgia propaganda machine kept running in her time, and she became a victim. The story of her family's enemies diligently spreading was accepted as a fact, but the high praise for her personality was ignored for centuries. The study of Lucrezia's life events clarifies that she is not a cruel and evil witch addicted to physical enjoyment. She is not an incestuous lover of her father and brothers, nor is she a weak and negative political chip dominated by her father and brothers. Once convinced of this necessity, she tried her best to resist them, but in her time, she didn't have much choice. Her life began with a gentle and happy girl and was forged into an elegant, kind and noble woman by her own tragic experience. As a beloved duchess, she ruled Ferrara until the end of her life at the age of 39.
This study focuses on her overall impression and reveals the fallacy of taking popular views as facts. Lucrezia. 6? 1 Borgia's name has suffered centuries of humiliation and improper insults, and her limited supporters have only achieved limited success in washing snow for her. Indeed, this is a cruel irony: this woman, the most harmless woman in the family, has suffered almost the worst reputation.