Starting from 1998, I switched from the in-depth news report column to the life service column, from the intense stimulation of news tracking and the rational depth of analysis report to the relatively dull actual combat program. While adapting to the "time difference", my colleagues and I have been exploring the possibility of introducing some ideas and skills of in-depth reporting into life service programs. "Experience" program is an attempt in this respect, and some of its achievements and many immature problems are also of reference significance for the deepening of life service programs and the innovation of expression.

First, the advantages and characteristics of experiential programs

1. Experience shows find the combination of TV viewers' viewing interest and economic life. Experience program refers to a form of TV reporting in which journalists personally experience and interview objective news facts in the first person form, so as to obtain real reports. To a certain extent, it solves the problem that traditional economic reports "emphasize theory over phenomena, emphasize characters over characters" and lack news conflict and visibility. In the early stage of market economy, the imperfection of system and legal norms will inevitably lead to various problems to be improved in economic life, and these areas closely related to the audience are the focus of their greatest concern. The topic selection of "Experience" program is to select these hot issues with great practical significance and news conflicts to report, so as to achieve the organic combination of reporting economic life and meeting the needs of the audience. For example, in March of 1998, we chose night consumption as the reporting point and reported our experience in the fields of retail, catering, medicine, transportation and after-sales service. Many unreasonable phenomena are reflected in the experience: department stores closed their doors before the specified time, or stopped their services in advance, and the sales staff were ready to go, so customers had to scramble to "escape" from the slowly falling iron gate; Before going to work in the hotel, the waitress began to protest to the customers with various body languages such as sweeping the floor, wiping the table and withdrawing vegetables. Also in the canteen, you will find that several dishes with the highest value during the day are swallowed up by the night. Similarly, the night also masks many other ugliness. Prescription drugs that are not allowed to be sold during the day can be bought everywhere at night. Doctors who heal the wounded and rescue the dying during the day prescribe a lot of medicine at night, but they don't examine journalists who are not sick at all; Taxis that have just been strictly rectified during the day are working on taxi meters at night ... all this really makes us sweat for consumers who go out at night. What is even more "wonderful" is that the maintenance personnel of businesses and manufacturers who guarantee 24-hour after-sales service actually say to anxious help seekers at night: "Our 24-hour service only means answering the phone. When can it be repaired? Then please ask for leave and wait at home! As long as you are not afraid of deducting bonuses. " So the so-called 24-hour service has become a tasteless sales gimmick. These realistic, conflicting and dramatic themes can make the audience have a strong sound. Once they are put on the screen, they will be very obvious and easily recognized by the general audience. Therefore, "Experience" program set the highest ratings of economic self-made programs in Jinan TV Station in 1998, and exceeded the ratings records of some film and television dramas in the same period.

2. Experiential programs have the characteristics of dual perspectives, and their reporters have two identities: journalists and consumers. In traditional news reports, journalists can only stand on the sidelines and report objective facts as omniscient commentators. In order to ensure objectivity and fairness, journalists can't do too many reports expressing subjective colors, but can only express sympathy for the victims. Experience programs are different. During the interview, the reporter first experiences the real life as a consumer, perceives the joys and sorrows of ordinary consumers in real life, and then records the objective phenomena as a reporter, reveals the deep problems and makes a fair evaluation. This dual identity not only keeps journalists' professional conscience, news sensitivity and objectivity, but also feels various social phenomena as consumers. At the same time, experience life as a consumer, and you can get in touch with news facts that you can't collect as a reporter at ordinary times. First-person direct experience can truly feel the situation and mood of consumers, thus generating a two-way * * * sound with the audience, cooperating with the background explanation of the live host, and then paying a deep visit to the experience unit and its competent department as a reporter to make objective analysis and comments, thus forming a multi-level and all-round three-dimensional reporting form. In addition, the process of reflecting reality from the perspective of consumers is still extremely unknowable. This is very different from the traditional news retrospective interview and production when the news background and news facts are known. Although the reporter had a full plan before the interview experience, as a reporter, he could not control the development of the situation during the experience, so many unexpected events would happen in advance. Of course, there are advantages and disadvantages, but if this process is truly recorded, it will make the program very interesting. For example, when experiencing the transportation service, the reporter met a friendly driver who enthusiastically sent us reporters with foreign accents to our destination. We chatted all the way, introduced the customs and places of interest in Quancheng, paid the change in time, and there was no sign of "derailment". While marveling at meeting Uncle Lei Feng, we are delighted with the powerful rectification of Quancheng taxis. It seems that the traffic experience should be reflected in positive reports, but a colleague told us according to his experience that the same journey would never cost so much. Shocked, we stopped our journey as journalists, which made us smile bitterly. Under the veil of tenderness, this "Uncle Lei Feng" gently "killed" one-third of our fare. When we found the driver through the competent department, he admitted that he had tampered with the meter. This tortuous experience was truthfully reflected in the program and became a bright spot in the program.

3. Experience programs have strong artistic appeal of TV images ... & kloc-0/27; It is not unique to TV to experience real life as a consumer. Newspapers, magazines and radio have long reported some similar topics in the same way. When these media experience, they don't need to use complicated hidden shooting equipment and technology, so the scope of experience is wider, the difficulty is lower, the plasticity of words is stronger, and they can also form a strong appeal. However, compared with the dynamic pictures of TV, the experience articles of this kind of media are obviously inferior in authenticity, sense of scene and affinity. This kind of work often only makes people feel that they are writing in another way. The protagonist of the article is still just a reporter, and all the facts he reflects are not necessarily his own experience. Whether there will inevitably be some subjective speculation or artistic processing is often unknown to readers. With the help of covert interview and shooting technology, TV experience programs truly record the whole experience process. The biggest advantage of documentary lens is reality. The audience followed the reporter's unannounced interview as if they were there and experienced various conflicts with the interviewer. It is easy to be strongly infected by reporters' reports, which brings unique aesthetic pleasure and rational communication.

Second, the limitations of TV experience programs

A sword has two sides, and advantages can often become disadvantages. As a new program form, TV experience program is far from mature.

1. TV experience programs are limited by the scope of the topic. The unique manifestation of experience programs determines that they cannot reflect all the phenomena in economic life. Topics such as limited news, practical common sense, theoretical analysis and information knowledge are difficult to report in the form of experience. Only when you have certain news conflicts can you experience unannounced visits as a consumer, and it is also easy to hide the material, thus forming an experience. All these greatly limit the topic scope of experience programs, and they can't gallop freely in all aspects of economic life. Often an excellent topic, because it can't be expressed by experience, has to give up what you love, or choose other forms to make it.

2. Influenced by dual identity. It is not easy to coordinate the objective position of journalists with the subjective judgment of consumers. In the process of interview, the conflict atmosphere of unreasonable phenomena often affects the mood of journalists, and perceptual knowledge interferes with their rational thinking. Even in the process of post-editing, it affects the reporter's objective position, and often unconsciously adds some subjective and emotional narration and comments to the report. At the same time, reporters' interview habits are often inadvertently revealed during the experience, which affects consumers' sense of identity. In order to achieve the purpose of the interview, they often ask questions that ordinary consumers will not ask easily, thus arousing the vigilance of the interviewees, scaring them and leading to the failure of the experience.

3. Limitations of negative reports. In the experience program, critical negative reports are often the selling point of the program, and the audience is always most interested in exposing and lashing unreasonable phenomena. However, exposing the dark side of economic life is only a means to experience the program, not the ultimate goal. It is our responsibility and goal to solve problems and ensure the healthy development of economic life on the right track. Some experience programs only focus on revealing appearances, focusing on process rather than cause and effect. Apart from satisfying the curiosity of the audience, they are not beneficial to solving problems and improving the status quo. If we only take criticism and exposure as the starting point in the production process, the social function of the experience program will be greatly limited, making it a general criticism report and losing its role in promoting economic life.

4. Limitations of secret interview methods. First of all, this is a technical problem. Professional TV programs have strict restrictions on the broadcast pictures, and usually have extremely high requirements on shooting position, angle, light and stability. However, because the interviewee can't perceive the hidden interview, he can't freely adjust the angle and choose the lighting as usual, especially at night or in a dimly lit room (which is often a place that is easy to "shine" in unannounced visits). You can usually fill the light with news lights, and it is impossible to expose your identity by holding the lights high. These factors seriously affect the quality of the picture, the jitter deviation of the lens, the tilt and darkness of the picture occur from time to time, which brings great difficulty to the later editing. In order to reflect the authenticity and maintain the integrity of lenses, some lenses with poor quality are often used. We often laugh at ourselves that such programs are based on "shaky shots and nonstandard Mandarin (in order to paralyze the interviewee,&; 127; Journalists often communicate with them in dialects. Although this is a joke,&; 127; However, the extensive use of documentary lens has affected the aesthetic function of TV lens, which is not a long-term solution. How to choose it is still a process of continuous exploration.

Third, some thoughts on the benign development of experience programs in the future;

1. Try to broaden your thinking on the topic as much as possible, and don't limit yourself to the narrow consumption field. We should explore topics based on different levels of social and economic life, make the program more inclusive, service-oriented and guiding, take the relationship between macroeconomic development and people's lives as the starting point, focus on small things, and popularize, popularize and visualize complex economic phenomena in the form of experience.

2. Introduce advanced technology and expand expression techniques. The development of TV recording technology has brought more and more convenience to the hidden interview of experience programs. The size of the camera has been shrinking, the adaptability to ambient light has been strengthened, and the use of stable equipment such as iron vests has gradually freed hidden shooting from the constraints of the environment and become more and more perfect. It is necessary to update equipment as soon as possible, adapt to new technologies, use modern means, and strengthen the expressive force of experience programs. While using new equipment, we should also create new expressions, which are no longer limited to simple unannounced visits, and boldly introduce new forms such as telephone interviews and network follow-up surveys. The combination of technology and skill will bring new vitality to the experience program.

3. The combination of criticism function and service function. While criticizing and reporting unreasonable phenomena, don't forget the service function of life programs. While telling the audience how to do it, we should also teach the audience how to do it. In order to add more information in the experience process, we can appropriately develop the service form of non-critical reporting, that is, to investigate the economic service institutions at different levels and in different places, and get the results of who is superior and who is inferior according to the results, so that the audience can know how to identify products, choose services and safeguard rights and interests. In addition, establishing some positive images can also enable enterprises and manufacturers to rely on the power of example to guide themselves in the right direction.

4. Combination of objective position and subjective comments. In order to avoid the mutual interference of journalists' dual identities, we adopt the strategy of separating fact reporting from analysis and comment in actual operation, that is, when journalists make unannounced visits as consumers, they try to put aside their identities and truly record a real process that ordinary consumers may encounter. During this period, I basically only explain the facts of the phenomenon without making too many comments, and then objectively comment on the collected phenomena as a reporter. Combined with their feelings as consumers, the two are interdependent, thus completing the dialectical unity of the dual identity of experience journalists.

5. The importance of teamwork and leadership support. Experiencing interview is a heavy workload and detailed division of labor. From the planning stage to the interview and editing, we all need group strength to make suggestions together. They should shoulder heavy responsibilities, cooperate closely, cooperate with each other, be responsible for all aspects of production and give full play to their personal potential. In the overall operation, the consistency of style and rhythm is emphasized, so that the program can finally be enriched with a unified mentality. In the process from the topic selection to the final broadcast of the program, the support of the leader is a necessary condition, not to mention the help of the leader from financial, material and technical guidance. Just checking critical reports is the guarantee for the smooth and correct broadcast of experiential programs. In the process of experiencing night consumption, the two companies highlighted have invested huge amounts of advertisements in our department. Will the broadcast of the program have a negative impact on the financial operation of the department? Just when we were undecided, the department director made a decision resolutely: "The newspaper should report and must report by name. In the long run, this is not only to explain to the audience, but also to help these enterprises do a good job. " The establishment of the principle points out the direction for our report. Pointed out the direction, eliminated the worries, thus ensuring the smooth broadcast of the program.

Experience programs have been produced and broadcast in Jinan TV station for just over a year. Although the form of the program is far from mature, it has achieved good social effects and has been affirmed by experts and audiences. However, what makes us most happy is that this group of programs has attracted the attention of businesses and competent departments. Most of the exposed enterprises took the initiative to correct their own practices, and the relevant personnel were also punished accordingly. More importantly, one year later, when we experienced these areas again, we were surprised to find that most of the bad phenomena had been improved. Of course, we dare not take credit. After all, this is a kind of social progress. However, when a reporter reads his own report and his efforts have achieved the expected results, what can make us happier than this?